Articles - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Original Article09-02-2004

Histological results and HPV detection in women with pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):457-462

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Histological results and HPV detection in women with pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):457-462
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600006
André Luis Ferreira Santos,
Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain,
Luis Otávio Sarian,
Elizabete Aparecida Campos,
Marcos Roberto dos Santos,
Gislaine Aparecida Fonsechi-Carvasan
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OBJECTIVE: to assess the ability of Pap smear and hybrid capture II (HCII) to detect clinically significant cervical lesions (CIN2/3) in women referred to hospital due to atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). METHODS: a cross-sectional study comprising 161 women referred to the Taubaté University Hospital due to ASCUS/LSIL, between August 2000 and September 2002. All women responded to a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and were subjected to gynecological examination with specimen collection for Pap test and HCII, along with colposcopy and eventual cervical biopsy. The relationship between HCII results and age, use of condom, oral hormonal contraception, and smoking were evaluated by the chi-square test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of both Pap test and HCII were calculated. All calculations were performed within 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: sixty-seven percent of the women that tested positive for HPV were less than 30 years old. Pap smear and HCII showed the same 82% sensitivity in detecting CIN2/3 when the threshold for a positive Pap result was ASCUS, LSIL or HSIL. Pap smear specificity and positive predictive values were substantially increased when only HSIL results were considered as positive (from 29 to 95% and 12 to 50%, respectively). These figures were superior to those of HCII, but at the expense of an expressive loss of sensitivity (from 82% to 41%). CONCLUSIONS: our results substantiate the potential of HCII in detecting CIN2/3 among women referred due to ASCUS/LSIL.

Key-words Cytology Human papillomavirus Hybrid capture
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Original Article09-02-2004

Effects of a contraceptive implant containing nomegestrol acetate on ovarian function, cervical mucus and sperm penetration
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):449-454

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Effects of a contraceptive implant containing nomegestrol acetate on ovarian function, cervical mucus and sperm penetration
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):449-454
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600005
Ione Cristina Barbosa,
Elsimar Coutinho,
Bruno Matias,
Renata Lopes,
Antônio Carlos Vieira Lopes
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OBJECTIVE: to study the effect of a single contraceptive implant of nomegestrol acetate (Uniplant) on the ovarian function, cervical mucus production and sperm penetration, when inserted in women in the preovulatory phase. METHODS: twenty women with regular menstrual cycles were included in an open comparative study. All participants were investigated during one menstrual cycle before (control) and one menstrual cycle after implant insertion. Measurements of estradiol, LH, and progesterone, as well as transvaginal sonography, cervical mucus examination and sperm penetration test, were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed with the paired t-test and the non-parametric test of Wilcoxon. RESULTS: all control cycles were ovulatory and presented normal parameters. Preovulatory estradiol and LH peak decreased significantly from 603.2 ± 78.0 pmo/l and 22.5 ± 6.5 IU/l at pre-insertion to 380.7 ± 51.9 pmol/l and 4.9 ± 1.3 IU/l 48 hours after implant insertion (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Progesterone levels did not vary significantly (control cycle = 49.8 ± 3.3 nmol/l and treated cycle = 43.2 ± 5.2 nmol/l). Cervical mucus and sperm penetration tests were profoundly affected in 10.5% of the users 20 h after implant insertion, in 68.5% after 24 h and in 100% after 48 h. Follicular rupture occurred in the majority of the cycles 48 h after implant insertion. CONCLUSIONS: the use of a single implant of nomegestrol acetate affected estradiol and LH preovulatory peaks and disrupted the process of cervical mucus production and sperm penetration, but it was unable to prevent ovulation when inserted at the preovulatory phase, which reinforces the need to insert the implant during the first five days of the menstrual cycle.

Key-words Cervical mucus Contraceptive implant Nomegestrol acetate Sperm penetration Uniplant
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Original Article09-02-2004

Comparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):441-447

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Comparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):441-447
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600004
Leonardo Robson Pinheiro Sobreira Bezerra,
Emerson de Oliveira,
Maria Augusta Tezelli Bortolini,
Maria Gorete Hamerski,
Edmund Chada Baracat,
Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori,
Manoel João Bastista Castello Girão
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OBJECTIVE: to compare Baden and Walker’s (BW) classification system to the International Continence Society (ICS) standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: information about urogynecological investigation on 101 women, performed by the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Sector of UNIFESP/EPM, was retrospectively analyzed. Only patients who had undergone the standard ICS exam which quantifies the pelvic prolapse were selected. According to ICS, the prolapse is analyzed through a standard reference system relating the hymen to the anatomic position of six vaginal points: two in the anterior vaginal wall, two in the vaginal apex and other two in the posterior vaginal wall. The maximum amount of pelvic organ prolapse was viewed and recorded during a Valsalva’s maneuver. The measurement of the most distal point of the prolapse was performed and it was compared to the BW classification system. The data were analyzed by kappa statistics, to assess the concordance between the two terminologies. RESULTS: There was total correspondence only for the posterior vaginal prolapse stage IV (one patient) and for the uterus prolapse stage 0 (29 patients) with severe rectocele and absence of prolapse, respectively, according to BW. In the three types of prolapses evaluated, the values of kappa statistics were below 0.4, indicating a weak concordance between the two terminologies. There is an extensive variation in the measurement of the most distal point of prolapse when the BW classification is perfomed. CONCLUSIONS: there is a weak concordance between the BW classification system and the ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse.

Key-words Genital prolapse Pelvic floor Stress urinary incontinence
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Original Article09-02-2004

Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):435-439

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):435-439
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600003
Orlando José de Almeida,
Luis Carlos Zeferino,
Marcelo Alvarenga,
Gustavo Antônio de Souza,
Glauce Aparecida Pinto,
Anna Letícia de Oliveira Cestari
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nuclear grade, the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, and the estrogen receptors (ER) of 38 women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the same breast. METHODS: the protein profile of 38 women was investigated in a descriptive and retrospective study, through the immune-histochemical technique. The cut-off limit for positive staining was chosen at 10% or more of positive cells for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins and for ER. The analysis of the concordance between the expressions of proteins and the nuclear grade was done by the kappa coefficient, according to Landis and Koch’s criteria. MacNemar’s test was used to assess the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: there was a perfect concordance in the expression of p53 proteins (kappa coefficient = 1.00) and almost a perfect concordance for c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade (kappa coefficients = 0.84, 0.89 and 0.89) between in situ and invasive elements of the same tumor. CONCLUSION: there was no difference between the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade in the DCIS and invasive carcinoma of the same breast.

Key-words Estrogens Intraductal carcinoma Oncogens p-53 Protein
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Original Article09-02-2004

Serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):429-433

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):429-433
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600002
George Dantas de Azevedo,
Márcia Neves de Carvalho,
Juliana Azevedo,
Giovana da Gama Fortunato,
Rui Alberto Ferriani,
Marcos Felipe Silva de Sá
Views146
OBJECTIVE: to correlate serum leptin concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: twenty-two healthy postmenopausal women were included in the present study. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Serum leptin concentrations were determined using an immunoradiometric assay. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Dunn and Pearson’s correlation tests. RESULTS: mean BMD values were 0.898 ± 0.140 g/cm² at the lumbar spine and 0.760 ± 0.152 g/cm² at the femoral neck. Mean serum leptin concentration was 17.2 ± 9.4 ng/ml and no significant differences were observed among women with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis (18.6 ± 7.8, 18.9 ± 9.9 and 15.6 ± 10.6, respectively; p > 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin levels and BMD measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, when the whole sample was considered and when patients were divided into groups with osteoporosis and/or osteopenia and a control group. We observed a positive significant correlation between serum leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.66; p = 0.0044). CONCLUSIONS: there was no direct correlation between leptin and BMD in postmenopausal women, although we observed positive significant correlation between leptin and BMI. This fact indicates a possible indirect effect of leptin on bone metabolism.

Key-words Body mass index Bone mineral density Leptin
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09-02-2004
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):427-427

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Abstract
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):427-427
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600001
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EDITORIAL Hospitais Universitários / pessoal Médico […]
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Erratum08-04-2004
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):420-420

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Abstract
Erratum
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):420-420
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000500014
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ERRATA Vol 26 (2): Páginas 89-96 […]
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Thesis Abstract08-04-2004

Amniotic infection in women held in public hospitals in Vitória-ES: prevalency, risc factors, diagnosis, histopathology and reproductive outcome
- Paulo Batistuta Novaes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):417-418

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Thesis Abstract
Amniotic infection in women held in public hospitals in Vitória-ES: prevalency, risc factors, diagnosis, histopathology and reproductive outcome
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):417-418
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000500013
Paulo Batistuta Novaes
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A postagem não tem conteúdo
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Review Article06-01-2018

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women’s Health
- Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo,
- Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(6):354-359

Views514

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women’s Health
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(6):354-359
DOI 10.1055/s-0038-1657766
Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo,
Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo
Views514
Abstract

The offer of the maternal breast to the baby is an unquestionable right of mothers and their children, and all efforts should bemade to promote, follow and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6months and supplement it until the child completes 2 years of age. Many publications are available in the literature about the qualities of breast milk, its benefits and health repercussions, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding and supporting campaigns for its implementation. However, although it is widely known that breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process of women and its practice offers benefits to both mother and child, most of the available information highlights the benefits of breast milk for children, while mention of the effects of breastfeeding on the health of the mother is usually neglected. Thus, the objective of the present study is to highlight the multiple benefits of breastfeeding for the physical and emotional health of the nursing mother. The authors consulted articles published in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library andWeb of Science using the keywords breastfeeding, breast milk, lactation and maternal health.

Key-words breast milk Breastfeeding Postpartum period
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Review Article09-01-2017

Preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(9):496-512

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Abstract
Review Article
Preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(9):496-512
DOI 10.1055/s-0037-1604471
José Geraldo Lopes Ramos,
Nelson Sass,
Sérgio Hofmeister Martins Costa
Views580
Abstract

The authors review hypertensive disease during pregnancy with an academic and practical view, and using the best evidence available. This disease, which is the most important clinical disease in Brazilian pregnant women, may have its incidence reduced with prevention through the use of calcium and aspirin in pregnant women at risk. Previously, it was a disease that presented with hypertension with proteinuria, but it has now been classified with new clinical parameters besides proteinuria. Morbidity and mortality should be reduced in a continental country such as Brazil using protocols for the early treatment of complications by calculating severe outcomes in preeclampsia. The early treatment of acute hypertension, use of magnesium sulfate and early hospitalization in cases of preeclampsia are concepts to pursue the reduction of our pregnant women’s mortality.

Key-words HELLP syndrome High risk pregnancy Preeclampsia pregnancy arterial hypertension Pregnancy complications
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Review Article09-25-2020

Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment
- Inês Guimarães ,
- Ana Margarida Póvoa
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(8):501-507

Views519

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(8):501-507
DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1712131
Inês Guimarães ,
Ana Margarida Póvoa
Views519
Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea is defined asmenstrual pain in the absence of pelvic disease. It is characterized by overproduction of prostaglandins by the endometrium, causing uterine hypercontractility that results in uterine muscle ischemia, hypoxia, and, subsequently, pain. It is the most common gynecological illness in women in their reproductive years and one of the most frequent causes of pelvic pain; however, it is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and even undervalued by women themselves, who accept it as part of themenstrual cycle. It hasmajor implications for quality of life, such as limitation of daily activities and psychological stress, being one of themain causes of school and work absenteeism. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on the clinical history and normal physical examination. It is important to exclude secondary causes of dysmenorrhea. The treatment may have different approaches (pharmacological, nonpharmacological and surgical), but the first line of treatment is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and, in cases of women who want contraception, the use of hormonal contraceptives. Alternative treatments, such as topical heat, lifestyle modification, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dietary supplements, acupuncture, and acupressure, may be an option in cases of conventional treatments’ contraindication. Surgical treatment is only indicated in rare cases of women with severe dysmenorrhea refractory to treatment.

Key-words Dysmenorrhea hormonal contraception Menstrual cycle NSAIDs Pain
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Review Article09-01-2018

Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(9):554-562

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Abstract
Review Article
Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(9):554-562
DOI 10.1055/s-0038-1668117
Danielly Scaranello Santana,
Fernanda Garanhani Surita,
José Guilherme Cecatti
Views406
Abstract

Twin pregnancy accounts for 2 to 4% of total births, with a prevalence ranging from 0.9 to 2.4% in Brazil. It is associated with worse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Many conditions, such as severe maternal morbidity (SMM) (potentially life-threatening conditions and maternal near-miss) and neonatal near-miss (NNM) still have not been properly investigated in the literature. The difficulty in determining the conditions associated with twin pregnancy probably lies in its relatively low occurrence and the need for larger population studies. The use of the whole population and of databases from large multicenter studies, therefore, may provide unprecedented results. Since it is a rare condition, it ismore easily evaluated using vital statistics from birth e-registries. Therefore, we have performed a literature review to identify the characteristics of twin pregnancy in Brazil and worldwide. Twin pregnancy has consistently been associated with SMM, maternal near-miss (MNM) and perinatal morbidity, with still worse results for the second twin, possibly due to some characteristics of the delivery, including safety and availability of appropriate obstetric care to women at a high risk of perinatal complications.

Key-words High risk pregnancy Maternal morbidity Multiple pregnancies Perinatal morbidity
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Review Article05-01-2018

Uterine Artery Doppler in Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(5):287-293

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Abstract
Review Article
Uterine Artery Doppler in Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(5):287-293
DOI 10.1055/s-0038-1660777
Marianna Amaral Pedroso,
Kirsten Rebecca Palmer,
Ryan James Hodges,
Fabricio da Silva Costa,
Daniel Lorber Rolnik
Views364
Abstract

Objective

To perform a comprehensive review of the current evidence on the role of uterine artery Doppler, isolated or in combination with other markers, in screening for preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the general population. The review included recently published large cohort studies and randomized trials.

Methods

A search of the literature was conducted usingMedline, PubMed, MeSH and ScienceDirect. Combinations of the search terms “preeclampsia,” “screening,” “prediction,” “Doppler,” “Doppler velocimetry,” “fetal growth restriction,” “small for gestational age” and “uterine artery” were used. Articles in English (excluding reviews) reporting the use of uterine artery Doppler in screening for PE and FGR were included.

Results

Thirty articles were included. As a single predictor, uterine artery Doppler detects less than 50% of the cases of PE and no more than 40% of the pregnancies affected by FGR. Logistic regression-based models that allow calculation of individual risk based on the combination of multiple markers, in turn, is able to detect ~ 75% of the cases of preterm PE and 55% of the pregnancies resulting in small for gestational age infants.

Conclusion

The use of uterine artery Doppler as a single predictive test for PE and FGR has poor accuracy. However, its combined use in predictive models is promising, being more accurate in detecting preterm PE than FGR.

Key-words Doppler Fetal growth restriction Preeclampsia Screening Uterine arteries
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Review Article02-01-2016

Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2016;38(2):97-111

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2016;38(2):97-111
DOI 10.1055/s-0035-1571252
Rafael Mendes Moroni,
Pedro Sergio Magnani,
Jorge Milhem Haddad,
Rodrigo de Aquino Castro,
Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito
Views335
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that studied the conservative management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There were 1058 results after the initial searches, from which 37 studies were eligible according to previously determined inclusion criteria. For the primary outcomes, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was more efficacious than no treatment in improving incontinence-specific quality of life (QoL) scales (SMD = [1]1.24SDs; CI 95% = [1]1.77 to [1]0.71SDs). However, its effect on pad tests was imprecise. Combining biofeedback with PFMT had an uncertain effect on QoL (MD = [1]4.4 points; CI 95% = [1]16.69 to 7.89 points), but better results on the pad test, although with elevated heterogeneity (MD = 0.9g; 95%CI = 0.71 to 1,10g); group PFMT was not less efficacious than individual treatment, and home PFMT was not consistently worse than supervised PFMT. Both intravaginal and superficial electrical stimulation (IES and SES) were better than no treatment for QoL and pad test. Vaginal cones had mixed results. The association of IES with PFMT may improve the efficacy of the latter for QoL and pad test, but the results of individual studies were not consistent. Thus, there is evidence of the use of PFMT on the treatment of SUI, with and without biofeedback.

Key-words electrical stimulation Meta-analysis Physiotherapy systematic review Urinary incontinence
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Review Article09-16-2019

Do Women have Adequate Knowledge about Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions? A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(8):508-519

Views334

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Do Women have Adequate Knowledge about Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions? A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(8):508-519
DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1695002
Júlia Ferreira Fante,
Thais Daniel Silva,
Elaine Cristine Lemes Mateus-Vasconcelos,
Cristine Homsi Jorge Ferreira,
Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito
Views334
Abstract

Objective

We sought to investigate whether women present adequate knowledge of the main pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) (urinary incontinence – UI, fecal incontinence – FI, and pelvic organ prolapse – POP).

Data

sources A systematic review was performed in the MEDLINE, PEDro, CENTRAL, and Cochrane databases for publications from inception to April 2018. Selection of studies A total of 3,125 studies were reviewed. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of primary outcomes and the diversity of instruments for measuring knowledge. The quality of the articles included in the analysis was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies.

Data collection

Two authors performed data extraction into a standardized spreadsheet.

Data synthesis

Nineteen studies were included, comprising 11,512 women. About the methodological quality (NOS), most of the studies (n= 11) presented a total score of 6 out of 10. Validated questionnaires and designed pilot-tested forms were the most frequently used ways of assessing knowledge. Some studies were stratified by race, age, or group minorities. The most used questionnaire was the prolapse and incontinence knowledge questionnaire (PIKQ) (n= 5). Knowledge and/or awareness regarding PFD was low to moderate among the studies. Urinary incontinence was the most prevalent PFD investigated, and the most important risk factors associated with the lack of knowledge of the pelvic floor were: African-American ethnicity (n= 3), low educational level (n= 4), low access to information (n= 5) and socioeconomic status (n= 3).

Conclusion

Most women have a gap in the knowledge of pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions, do not understand their treatment options, and are not able to identify risk factors for these disorders.

Key-words knowledge Pelvic floor systematic review Urinary incontinence
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Review Article08-26-2020

Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview
- Pedro Castro ,
- Ana Paula Matos ,
- Heron Werner ,
- Flávia Paiva Lopes ,
- Gabriele Tonni ,
- Edward Araujo Júnior
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(7):420-426

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(7):420-426
DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1713408
Pedro Castro ,
Ana Paula Matos ,
Heron Werner ,
Flávia Paiva Lopes ,
Gabriele Tonni ,
Edward Araujo Júnior
Views232
Abstract

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus infection (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, there have been many concerns about pregnant women and the possible effects of this emergency with catastrophic outcomes inmany countries. Information on COVID-19 and pregnancy are scarce and spread throughout a fewcase series, with no more than 50 cases in total. The present review provides a brief analysis of COVID-19, pregnancy in the COVID-19 era, and the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy.

Key-words COVID-19 Delivery Pregnancy Prenatal care
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Articles - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Histological results and HPV detection in women with pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Effects of a contraceptive implant containing nomegestrol acetate on ovarian function, cervical mucus and sperm penetration

Comparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse

Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors

Serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Amniotic infection in women held in public hospitals in Vitória-ES: prevalency, risc factors, diagnosis, histopathology and reproductive outcome

A meta-analysis of ferric carboxymaltose versus other intravenous iron preparations for the management of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy

Fertility preservation in female cancer patients in Brazil: perceptions and attitudes of infertility specialists

Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity

Cervical Pessary Plus Progesterone for Twin Pregnancy with Short Cervix Compared to Unselected and Non-Treated Twin Pregnancy: A Historical Equivalence Cohort Study (EPM Twin Pessary Study)

Increasing the Chances of Natural Conception: Opinion Statement from the the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations – FEBRASGO Committee of Gynecological Endocrinology

Non-RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy: an updated review

Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Misoprostol in the Treatment of Incomplete Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

RBGO – A journal to support gynecology and obstetrics research in Latin America

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women’s Health

Preeclampsia

Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment

Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity

Uterine Artery Doppler in Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction

Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Do Women have Adequate Knowledge about Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions? A Systematic Review

Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview

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Histological results and HPV detection in women with pap smear showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Effects of a contraceptive implant containing nomegestrol acetate on ovarian function, cervical mucus and sperm penetration

Comparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse

Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors

Serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Amniotic infection in women held in public hospitals in Vitória-ES: prevalency, risc factors, diagnosis, histopathology and reproductive outcome

A meta-analysis of ferric carboxymaltose versus other intravenous iron preparations for the management of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy

Abstract

Objective:

Data source:

Selection of studies:

Data collection:

Data synthesis:

Conclusion:

Fertility preservation in female cancer patients in Brazil: perceptions and attitudes of infertility specialists

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity

Abstract

Cervical Pessary Plus Progesterone for Twin Pregnancy with Short Cervix Compared to Unselected and Non-Treated Twin Pregnancy: A Historical Equivalence Cohort Study (EPM Twin Pessary Study)

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Increasing the Chances of Natural Conception: Opinion Statement from the the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations – FEBRASGO Committee of Gynecological Endocrinology

Abstract

Non-RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy: an updated review

Abstract

Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Misoprostol in the Treatment of Incomplete Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective

Data sources

Selection of studies

Data collection

Data synthesis

Conclusion

RBGO – A journal to support gynecology and obstetrics research in Latin America

Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women’s Health

Abstract

Preeclampsia

Abstract

Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment

Abstract

Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Association with Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity

Abstract

Uterine Artery Doppler in Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Conservative Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Do Women have Adequate Knowledge about Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions? A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective

Data

Data collection

Data synthesis

Conclusion

Covid-19 and Pregnancy: An Overview

Abstract

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