Prevalence Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

  • Review Article

    Non-RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy: an updated review

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo22

    Summary

    Review Article

    Non-RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy: an updated review

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo22

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024AO22

    Views274

    Abstract

    RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy is still the main cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and neonate (HDFN). Nevertheless, there are other antigens that may be associated with the occurrence of this phenomenon and that have been growing in proportion, given that current prevention strategies focus only on anti-RhD antibodies. Although not widespread, the screening and diagnostic management of the disease caused by these antibodies has recommendations in the literature. For this reason, the following review was carried out with the objective of listing the main red blood cell antigen groups described — such as Rh, ABO, Kell, MNS, Duffy, Kidd, among others — addressing the clinical importance of each one, prevalence in different countries, and recommended management when detecting such antibodies during pregnancy.

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  • Review Article

    Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo28

    Summary

    Review Article

    Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo28

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo28

    Views56

    Abstract

    Objective:

    This systematic review accompanied by a meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil and describe its associated factors.

    Methods:

    Following the establishment the search strategies and the registration of the review protocol in PROSPERO, we conducted a search for relevant articles in the Pubmed, LILACS, Science Direct, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Our inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies published between 2005 and 2023, with no language restrictions. The combined prevalence of syphilis infection was estimated using the random effects model in the R Software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p < 0.01 as statistically significant.

    Results:

    A total of 24 articles were recruited, which together investigated 221,884 women. The combined prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil was 1.79% (95% CI: 1.24-2.57%), and the main factors associated with its occurrence were black and brown skin color, low education and factors related to the partner.

    Conclusion:

    There was a high prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy in Brazil, mainly associated with socioeconomic factors.

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    Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Original Article

    Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Puerperal Women Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(2):059-064

    Summary

    Original Article

    Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Puerperal Women Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(2):059-064

    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1764495

    Views15

    Abstract

    Objective

    To evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among puerperal women cared for at a tertiary university hospital and the level of understanding of these puerperal women about toxoplasmosis, vertical transmission, and its prophylaxis.

    Methods

    For this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 225 patients using presential interviews, prenatal documentation, and electronic medical records. Data were stored using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software. Prevalence rates were estimated by the presence of reactive IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and calculation of the odds ratio (OR). Seroreactivity to T. gondii and exposure variables (age, educational level, and parity) were analyzed using a confidence interval (95%CI) and a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05).

    Results

    The seropositivity rate for T. gondii was 40%. There was no association between seroprevalence and age. Primiparity was a protective factor against seropositivity and low education was a risk factor.

    Conclusion

    Knowledge of T. gondii infection and its transmission forms was significantly limited, presenting a risk for acute maternal toxoplasmosis and vertical transmission of this protozoan. Increasing the education level regarding the risk of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy could reduce the rates of infection and vertical transmission of this parasite.

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    Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Puerperal Women Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital
  • Original Article

    Hypertensive Disorders: Prevalence, Perinatal Outcomes and Cesarean Section Rates in Pregnant Women Hospitalized for Delivery

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):690-696

    Summary

    Original Article

    Hypertensive Disorders: Prevalence, Perinatal Outcomes and Cesarean Section Rates in Pregnant Women Hospitalized for Delivery

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):690-696

    DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1714134

    Views23

    Abstract

    Objective:

    To evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders, perinatal outcomes (preterm infants, low birthweight infants and Apgar score < 7 at the 5th minute and fetal deaths) and the cesarean rates in pregnant women hospitalized for delivery at the Maternidade Hilda Brandão da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from March 1, 2008 to February 28, 2018.

    Methods:

    A case-control study was performed, and the groups selected for comparison were those of pregnant women with and without hypertensive disorders. Out of the 36,724 women, 4,464 were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders and 32,260 did not present hypertensive disorders

    Results:

    The prevalence of hypertensive disorders was 12.16%; the perinatal outcomes and cesarean rates between the 2 groups with and without hypertensive disorders were: preterm infants (21.70% versus 9.66%, odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40-2.80, p < 0.001); low birthweight infants (24.48% versus 10.56%; OR 2.75; 95% CI, 2.55-2.96; p < 0.001); Apgar score < 7 at the 5th minute (1.40% versus 1.10%; OR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.97-1.67; p = 0.84); dead fetuses diagnosed prior to delivery (1.90% versus 0.91%; OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.67-2.70; p < 0.001); cesarean rates (60.22% versus 31.21%; OR 3.34; 95% CI, 3.14-3.55; p < 0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Hypertensive disorders are associated with higher rates of cesarean deliveries and higher risk of preterm infants, low birthweight infants and a higher risk of fetal deaths.

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    Hypertensive Disorders: Prevalence, Perinatal Outcomes and Cesarean Section Rates in Pregnant Women Hospitalized for Delivery
  • Original Article

    Gestational Diabetes in the Population Served by Brazilian Public Health Care. Prevalence and Risk Factors

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):12-18

    Summary

    Original Article

    Gestational Diabetes in the Population Served by Brazilian Public Health Care. Prevalence and Risk Factors

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):12-18

    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1700797

    Views81

    Abstract

    Objective

    To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the main associated risk factors in the population served by the Brazilian Unified Health System in the city of Caxias do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul.

    Materials and Methods

    A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted. Maternal variables were collected from the medical records of all pregnant women treated at the basic health units in 2016. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy (pregestational diabetes, overt diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus) was identified by analyzing the results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Based on the data, the women were allocated into two groups: the gestational diabetes group and the no gestational diabetes group.

    Results

    The estimated prevalence of gestational diabetes among 2,313 pregnant women was of 5.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.56-6.45). Pregnant women with 3 or more pregnancies had twice the odds of having gestational diabetes compared with primiparous women (odds ratio [OR]=2.19; 95%CI: 1.42-3.37; p<0.001). Pregnant women aged 35 years or older had three times the odds of having gestational diabetes when compared with younger women (OR=3.01; 95%CI: 1.97-4.61; p<0.001). Overweight pregnant women were 84% more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2 (OR =1.84; 95%CI: 1.25-2.71; p=0.002). A multivariable regression analysis showed that being overweight and being 35 years old or older were independent variables.

    Conclusion

    In this population, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was of 5.4%. Age and being overweight were predictive factors for gestational diabetes.

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    Gestational Diabetes in the Population Served by Brazilian Public Health Care. Prevalence and Risk Factors
  • Original Article

    Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions and their Associated Factors in Pregnant Women in an Outpatient Prenatal Care Clinic

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(9):555-563

    Summary

    Original Article

    Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions and their Associated Factors in Pregnant Women in an Outpatient Prenatal Care Clinic

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(9):555-563

    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1695021

    Views28

    Abstract

    Objective

    To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its associated factors in pregnant women.

    Methods

    A descriptive, cross-sectional study including 262 pregnant women aged 18 years or older with gestational age between 10 and 35 weeks. Women with urinary tract infections and conditions of gestational risk were excluded. The Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI) questionnaire was used. We performed a univariate descriptive analysis, and comparisons between the mean values of the sexual function domains were made using the Student t-test. The chi-squared test was used to determine the association between the independent and dependent variables. The prevalence ratios, with their respective 95% confidence intervals, were also estimated, and a multivariate analysis was performed.

    Results

    A total of 64.9% of women reported a decrease in the frequency of sexual activity during pregnancy. Slightly more than half of the women (50.8%) were satisfied, and arousal was reported as excellent/good by 30.5% of them. The frequency of sexual difficulties/dysfunctions increased with pregnancy, rising from 5.7% to 58.8%, and pain during sexual intercourse was reported by 45.8% of them. Having higher education degree decreased the chance of being sexually dissatisfied by 50%. The total PSRI score showed a significant decrease from the prepregnancy period (mean score = 89.8, “excellent”) to the pregnancy period (mean score = 59.2, “good”).

    Conclusion

    The mean sexual function score during pregnancy was classified as good, although most pregnant women reported at least one type of alteration in the sexual function domains, and the report of dissatisfaction was more frequent in women with lower schooling.

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    Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions and their Associated Factors in Pregnant Women in an Outpatient Prenatal Care Clinic
  • Original Article

    Postpartum Depression: Epidemiological Clinical Profile of Patients Attended In a Reference Public Maternity in Salvador-BA

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(3):155-163

    Summary

    Original Article

    Postpartum Depression: Epidemiological Clinical Profile of Patients Attended In a Reference Public Maternity in Salvador-BA

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(3):155-163

    DOI 10.1055/s-0038-1676861

    Views45

    Abstract

    Objective

    To evaluate the clinical epidemiological state of women with suspected post partum depression (PPD) in a public maternity hospital in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional research was performed with puerperal patients attended at a public maternity hospital in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection was performed from June to September 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used as a screening instrument, and, subsequently, women with positive scores answered a questionnaire to identify their clinical and epidemiological status.

    Results

    Out of 151 postpartum women from the research, 30 (19.8%) presented suspicion of PPD. There was a prevalence of single mothers 13 (43.3%), women with complete fundamental education 15 (50.0%), women with black skin color 14 (46.7%), and those with a monthly family income of up to one minimum wage 18 (40.0%).

    Conclusion

    Although PPD is an underdiagnosed disease, a high prevalence of the condition was found in our research. It is, then, considered that these results reinforce its significance as a public health problem, requiring prevention strategies, early diagnosis and effective treatment.

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  • Original Article

    Trends in the Prevalence of Live Macrosomic Newborns According to Gestational Age Strata, in Brazil, 2001-2010, and 2012-2014

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(8):376-383

    Summary

    Original Article

    Trends in the Prevalence of Live Macrosomic Newborns According to Gestational Age Strata, in Brazil, 2001-2010, and 2012-2014

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(8):376-383

    DOI 10.1055/s-0037-1604266

    Views7

    Abstract

    Purpose

    To describe the trends in the prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ± 4,000 g) according to gestational age in Brazil in the periods of 2001-2010 and 2012-2014.

    Methods

    Ecological study with data from the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC, in the Portuguese acronym) regarding singleton live newborns born from 22 gestational weeks. The trends in Brazil as a whole and in each of its five regions were analyzed according to preterm (22-36 gestational weeks) and term (37-42 gestational weeks) strata. Annual Percent Changes (APCs) based on the Prais-Winsten method and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to verify statistically significant changes in 2001-2010.

    Results

    In Brazil, the prevalence of macrosomic births was of 5.3% (2001-2010) and 5.1% (2012-2014). The rates were systematically higher in the North and Northeast Regions both in the preterm and in term strata. In the preterm stratum, the North Region presented the highest variation in the prevalence of macrosomia (+137.5%) when comparing 2001 (0.8%) to 2010 (1.9%). In the term stratum, downward trends were observed in Brazil as a whole and in every region. The trends for 2012-2014 were more heterogeneous, with the prevalence systematically higher than that observed for 2001-2010. The APC in the preterm stratum (2001-2010) showed a statistically significant trend change in the North (APC: 15.4%; 95%CI: 0.6-32.3) and South (APC: 13.5%; 95%CI: 4.8-22.9) regions. In the term stratum, the change occurred only in the North region (APC:-1.5%; 95%CI: -2.5--0.5).

    Conclusion

    The prevalence of macrosomic births in Brazil was higher than 5.0%. Macrosomia has potentially negative health implications for both children and adults, and deserves close attention in the public health agenda in Brazil, as well as further support for investigation and intervention.

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    Trends in the Prevalence of Live Macrosomic Newborns According to Gestational Age Strata, in Brazil, 2001-2010, and 2012-2014

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