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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(8):486-492
, , , , , , To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis.
A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital’s anxiety and depression scale (HAD).
The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups.
We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(8):486-492
, , , , , , To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis.
A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital’s anxiety and depression scale (HAD).
The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups.
We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):549-552
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900008
Purpose: to evaluate the correlation between clinical and surgical staging of patients with vulvar carcinoma, according to the "Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia" (FIGO 95). Methods: the authors studied 66 consecutive cases of vulvar carcinoma from 1977 to 1997. All patients were clinically staged to verify size and localization of the lesion as well as inguinal lymph node involvement and invasion of other organs. Forty-four patients were submitted to surgical treatment and 34 could be staged according to FIGO 95. Results: among the 34 patients staged through surgery, 17 (50%) showed agreement between clinical and surgical staging. Thus, in 17 patients the staging was different and in these the surgical staging was higher than the clinical in 13 cases and lower in 4 cases. We found in the clinical staging I, 2 cases that were surgical stage II and 1 case that was surgical stage III. Conclusion: the surgical staging could detect lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically negative nodes, as well as exclude false-positive cases. The clinical staging was not accurate for patients with vulvar carcinoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):549-552
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900008
Purpose: to evaluate the correlation between clinical and surgical staging of patients with vulvar carcinoma, according to the "Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia" (FIGO 95). Methods: the authors studied 66 consecutive cases of vulvar carcinoma from 1977 to 1997. All patients were clinically staged to verify size and localization of the lesion as well as inguinal lymph node involvement and invasion of other organs. Forty-four patients were submitted to surgical treatment and 34 could be staged according to FIGO 95. Results: among the 34 patients staged through surgery, 17 (50%) showed agreement between clinical and surgical staging. Thus, in 17 patients the staging was different and in these the surgical staging was higher than the clinical in 13 cases and lower in 4 cases. We found in the clinical staging I, 2 cases that were surgical stage II and 1 case that was surgical stage III. Conclusion: the surgical staging could detect lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically negative nodes, as well as exclude false-positive cases. The clinical staging was not accurate for patients with vulvar carcinoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
, Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(11):633-635
, Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(11):633-635
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Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(2):67-74
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000200004
PURPOSE: to compare the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, and the follow-up of breast cancer in women diagnosed under and over 40 years of age. METHODS: a retrospective study, case-control type, with analysis of information obtained from medical records of patients attended from January 1994 to June 2004. Cases of intraductal carcinoma and at stage IV were excluded. Three groups were formed: patients under 40 years old at the diagnosis (n=72); patients between 40 and 50 (n=68) and patients over 50 (n=75). Data about age at the moment of diagnosis, lesion largest diameter, clinical stage, type, histological grade, presence of hormonal receptors and state of the lymph nodes were collected and analyzed. The chi2 test was used for qualitative variables. For quantitative variables without normal distribution (such as number of axillary nodes with metastasis and follow-up duration), the Kruskal-Wallis' test was used. For delineating the curves of free-of-disease and global survival, the log-rank test was used. RESULTS: there was no difference among the groups in the stage distribution, concerning the tumoral differentiation grade or in the distribution of histological types, and in the estrogen receptor and c-erb-B2 expression. Difference was found in the RP expression, which was less frequent in the group of patients under 40, than in the group of patients over 50 (36.2% versus 58.4%) respectively. There was no difference among the groups in the mean tumoral diameter (5.1, 4.7 and 5 cm, respectively). There was also no difference among the groups, concerning the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis (63.9, 46.9 and 50%, respectively). The average follow-up was 54 months for all the groups. Disease recurrence occurred in 22.6% of patients under 40 years old, in 60% of patients between 40 and 50, and in 22.6% of patients over 50, with a significant difference among groups (p<0.0001). Death caused by the disease was higher among patients under 40 (46.9%) than among patients between 40 and 50 (26.9%) and over 50 (22.6%), p=0.0019. The logistic analysis showed that "age under 40" and the "presence of more than one metastatic axillary node" were independent death risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: age under 40 is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. The traditional prognostic indicators, such as stage, tumoral diameter, axillary involvement and presence of hormonal receptors are not associated with the disease evolution.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(2):67-74
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000200004
PURPOSE: to compare the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, and the follow-up of breast cancer in women diagnosed under and over 40 years of age. METHODS: a retrospective study, case-control type, with analysis of information obtained from medical records of patients attended from January 1994 to June 2004. Cases of intraductal carcinoma and at stage IV were excluded. Three groups were formed: patients under 40 years old at the diagnosis (n=72); patients between 40 and 50 (n=68) and patients over 50 (n=75). Data about age at the moment of diagnosis, lesion largest diameter, clinical stage, type, histological grade, presence of hormonal receptors and state of the lymph nodes were collected and analyzed. The chi2 test was used for qualitative variables. For quantitative variables without normal distribution (such as number of axillary nodes with metastasis and follow-up duration), the Kruskal-Wallis' test was used. For delineating the curves of free-of-disease and global survival, the log-rank test was used. RESULTS: there was no difference among the groups in the stage distribution, concerning the tumoral differentiation grade or in the distribution of histological types, and in the estrogen receptor and c-erb-B2 expression. Difference was found in the RP expression, which was less frequent in the group of patients under 40, than in the group of patients over 50 (36.2% versus 58.4%) respectively. There was no difference among the groups in the mean tumoral diameter (5.1, 4.7 and 5 cm, respectively). There was also no difference among the groups, concerning the rate of axillary lymph node metastasis (63.9, 46.9 and 50%, respectively). The average follow-up was 54 months for all the groups. Disease recurrence occurred in 22.6% of patients under 40 years old, in 60% of patients between 40 and 50, and in 22.6% of patients over 50, with a significant difference among groups (p<0.0001). Death caused by the disease was higher among patients under 40 (46.9%) than among patients between 40 and 50 (26.9%) and over 50 (22.6%), p=0.0019. The logistic analysis showed that "age under 40" and the "presence of more than one metastatic axillary node" were independent death risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: age under 40 is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. The traditional prognostic indicators, such as stage, tumoral diameter, axillary involvement and presence of hormonal receptors are not associated with the disease evolution.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(12):733-740
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006001200008
Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating and highly prevalent disease with a major impact on quality of life and work productivity, beyond significant costs to health services. The dilemma of managing patients with chronic pelvic pain continues to frustrate physicians confronted with these complaints, in part because its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Consequently, its treatment is often unsatisfactory and limited to temporary symptom relief. In the present revision, we discuss the adequate management of chronic pelvic pain. We point out that a comprehensive medical history and physical examination should include special attention to gastrointestinal, urological, gynecological, muscle-skeletal, neurological, psychiatric, and endocrine systems. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Additionally, we emphasize that, although useful, specific surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy, should be indicated only to selected patients, mainly after excluding irritable bowel syndrome and pain of myofascial origin.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(12):733-740
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006001200008
Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating and highly prevalent disease with a major impact on quality of life and work productivity, beyond significant costs to health services. The dilemma of managing patients with chronic pelvic pain continues to frustrate physicians confronted with these complaints, in part because its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Consequently, its treatment is often unsatisfactory and limited to temporary symptom relief. In the present revision, we discuss the adequate management of chronic pelvic pain. We point out that a comprehensive medical history and physical examination should include special attention to gastrointestinal, urological, gynecological, muscle-skeletal, neurological, psychiatric, and endocrine systems. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Additionally, we emphasize that, although useful, specific surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy, should be indicated only to selected patients, mainly after excluding irritable bowel syndrome and pain of myofascial origin.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(12):744-749
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005001200007
PURPOSE: to assess to what extent the surgical staging differs from the clinical staging among cases of advanced uterine cervix carcinoma, and also to assess the percentage of cases with positive para-aortic ganglia in this group of patients. METHODS: this is a descriptive prospective study in which 36 patients with histological diagnosis of uterine cervix carcinoma considered locally advanced were included (stages IB2, IIB, IIIA and B, and IVA). The cases were submitted to clinical staging, according to FIGO criteria. All patients were to be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Age ranged from 40 to 73 years, with a mean of 56.2±7.9. The procedure started with pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by para-aortic lymphadenectomy, in case the pelvic lymph nodes were positive on surgical examination. Examination of the abdominal cavity and lymphadenectomy were done either through laparotomy or laparoscopy, chosen at random. In each case, the clinical staging was compared to the surgical staging, considered the gold standard. RESULTS: in the clinical staging (CS), 7 cases were classified as IB2 (tumors larger than 4 cm), 22 cases as CSII and 7 cases as CSIII. The surgical assessment changed the clinical staging as follows: the stage was decreased in six cases, and increased in 13. There was agreement only in 18 cases (50%). The para-aortic lymph nodes were affected in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: clinical staging of locally advanced uterine cervix carcinoma is incorrect in most of the cases. Such inconsistency may lead to excessive treatment in some cases, but about one fourth of the patients with positive para-aortic ganglia would not be adequately treated with the current standard treatment radiotherapy with chemosensitization, which aims at the local regional control of the pelvic disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(12):744-749
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005001200007
PURPOSE: to assess to what extent the surgical staging differs from the clinical staging among cases of advanced uterine cervix carcinoma, and also to assess the percentage of cases with positive para-aortic ganglia in this group of patients. METHODS: this is a descriptive prospective study in which 36 patients with histological diagnosis of uterine cervix carcinoma considered locally advanced were included (stages IB2, IIB, IIIA and B, and IVA). The cases were submitted to clinical staging, according to FIGO criteria. All patients were to be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Age ranged from 40 to 73 years, with a mean of 56.2±7.9. The procedure started with pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by para-aortic lymphadenectomy, in case the pelvic lymph nodes were positive on surgical examination. Examination of the abdominal cavity and lymphadenectomy were done either through laparotomy or laparoscopy, chosen at random. In each case, the clinical staging was compared to the surgical staging, considered the gold standard. RESULTS: in the clinical staging (CS), 7 cases were classified as IB2 (tumors larger than 4 cm), 22 cases as CSII and 7 cases as CSIII. The surgical assessment changed the clinical staging as follows: the stage was decreased in six cases, and increased in 13. There was agreement only in 18 cases (50%). The para-aortic lymph nodes were affected in six cases. CONCLUSIONS: clinical staging of locally advanced uterine cervix carcinoma is incorrect in most of the cases. Such inconsistency may lead to excessive treatment in some cases, but about one fourth of the patients with positive para-aortic ganglia would not be adequately treated with the current standard treatment radiotherapy with chemosensitization, which aims at the local regional control of the pelvic disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(12):779-786
The use of molecular markers can identify a subgroup of tumors with distinct recurrence patterns. The present study aimed to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin (VIM), of E-cadherin (CDH1), and of cytokeratin 5 (CK5) in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs).
We have constructed a tissuemicroarray (TMA) from87 patients with IDC of the breast. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to study the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), VIM, CDH1, CK5, and Ki67. The tumors were classified as luminal A and B (n = 39), HER2 enriched (n = 25), and triple-negative (TNBC) (n = 23), based on the IHC expression.
We have observed that luminal A and B tumors lack the VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype. This phenotype was observed in 16.5% of the HER2+ tumors and in 60% of the TNBC tumors (p = 0.0001). Out of a total of 20 TNBC tumors, the CK5 (basal-like marker) was positive in 11 of them. The VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype was observed in 5 CK5+ TNBC tumors (45%) and in 7 out of 9 CK5- TNBC tumors (78%) (p = 0.02). The median Ki67 index in the VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors was 13.6 (range: 17.8-45.4) compared with 9.8 (range: 4.1-38.1) in other tumors (p = 0.0007). The presence of lymph nodemetastasis was less frequent in patients with VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors (23% versus 61%; X2 test; p = 0.01).
Our findings suggest that the expression of VIM and CDH1 can identify a subset of IDCs of the breast with a mesenchymal phenotype associated with poor prognosis, high-grade lesion, and high mitotic index.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(12):779-786
The use of molecular markers can identify a subgroup of tumors with distinct recurrence patterns. The present study aimed to characterize the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin (VIM), of E-cadherin (CDH1), and of cytokeratin 5 (CK5) in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs).
We have constructed a tissuemicroarray (TMA) from87 patients with IDC of the breast. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to study the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), VIM, CDH1, CK5, and Ki67. The tumors were classified as luminal A and B (n = 39), HER2 enriched (n = 25), and triple-negative (TNBC) (n = 23), based on the IHC expression.
We have observed that luminal A and B tumors lack the VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype. This phenotype was observed in 16.5% of the HER2+ tumors and in 60% of the TNBC tumors (p = 0.0001). Out of a total of 20 TNBC tumors, the CK5 (basal-like marker) was positive in 11 of them. The VIM+/CDH1-/low phenotype was observed in 5 CK5+ TNBC tumors (45%) and in 7 out of 9 CK5- TNBC tumors (78%) (p = 0.02). The median Ki67 index in the VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors was 13.6 (range: 17.8-45.4) compared with 9.8 (range: 4.1-38.1) in other tumors (p = 0.0007). The presence of lymph nodemetastasis was less frequent in patients with VIM+/CDH1-/low tumors (23% versus 61%; X2 test; p = 0.01).
Our findings suggest that the expression of VIM and CDH1 can identify a subset of IDCs of the breast with a mesenchymal phenotype associated with poor prognosis, high-grade lesion, and high mitotic index.
