Articles - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Original Article12-04-2024

Prognosis and cardiotoxicity associated to adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer: real world study in a public health system
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo93

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Abstract
Original Article
Prognosis and cardiotoxicity associated to adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer: real world study in a public health system
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo93
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo93
Ana Elisa Ribeiro da Silva Cabello ,
César Cabello ,
Susana Oliveira Botelho Ramalho ,
Otávio Rizzi Coelho ,
Otávio Rizzi Coelho-Filho ,
Helymar da Costa Machado ,
Délio Marques Conde ,
Luiz Carlos Zeferino
Views218
Abstract

Objective:

To analyze the prognosis of patients with breast cancer who developed trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity and to analyze factors associated with and resulting from cardiotoxicity.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study that included 255 HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of HER2-positive breast cancer and adjuvant trastuzumab therapy; disease stage I-III; <70 years; and a baseline echocardiogram showing a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 55%. The Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model were used.

Results:

In all, 15.3% (39/255) of patients presented with cardiotoxicity. Treatment was suspended in 92.3% (36/39) of patients who presented with cardiotoxicity during trastuzumab treatment. The treatment was suspended in 46 of 255 patients and it was permanently interrupted in 84.8% (33/46) of these patients, with 84.8% (28/33) due to cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity was not associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI = 0.79-2.78) or overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.68; 95%CI= 0.83-3.41). Patients with clinical stage III and whom trastuzumab therapy was suspended (all causes) had worse DFS; (HR = 3.19; 95% CI=1.77-5.74) and (HR = 1.83; 95% CI=1.01-3.32) respectively. Those with clinical stage III and whom trastuzumab therapy was permanently interrupted had worse OS; (HR = 3.80; 95% CI =1.82-7.94), and (HR = 2,26; 95% CI =1.09-4.68 respectively.

Conclusion:

Cardiotoxicity was not associated with DFS or OS. Clinical stage III, Suspension and permanent interruption of treatment regardless of the cause were associated with worse DFS and OS in breast cancer patients.

Key-words Breast neoplasms Cardiotoxicity Chemotherapy Disease-free survival Prognosis Trastuzumab Unified Health System
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Original Article12-04-2024

Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo81

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo81
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo81
Maria Elisa Franciscatto ,
Juliana Bosso Taniguchi ,
Raquel Wohlenberg ,
Isadora Luísa Riedi ,
Karen Oppermann
Views258
Abstract

Objective:

To verify the prevalence and factors associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 patients with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS followed the Rotterdam criteria. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made through US showing hepatic steatosis, excluding significant alcohol consumption and chronic liver disease. The following variables were compared between the groups of women with and without NAFLD: age, race, anthropometric data, blood pressure levels, liver enzymes, glycemic and lipid profiles, total testosterone, presence of hirsutism, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Variables were compared between the groups using T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.

Results:

Among 53 patients with PCOS, 50.9% had NAFLD. The NAFLD group had higher weight (p=0.003), BMI (p=0.001), waist circumference (p≤0.001), fasting glucose (p=0.021), HbA1C% (p=0.028), triglycerides (p=0.023), AST (p=0.004), ALT (p=0.001), higher prevalence of MS (p=0.004), and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p=0.043). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Both groups were predominantly of caucasian race, and there was no significant difference in age.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of NAFLD among patients with PCOS was 50.9%. Metabolic and hepatic enzyme abnormalities were more prevalent in this group compared to the group without the disease. Obesity tripled the prevalence of NAFLD.

Key-words Alcohol drinking Hyperandrogenism metabolic syndrome non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Polycystic ovary syndrome Waist circumference
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Original Article12-04-2024

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo91

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Abstract
Original Article
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo91
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo91
Lorenza Bridi Todeschini ,
Rita de Cássia Sant’Anna Alves ,
Adriana Vial Roehe
Views200
Abstract

Objective:

The average age of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported to have declined. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related lesions have been shown to be associated with the expression of the immunohistochemical (IHC) marker p16. Non-HPV-related tumors have been characterized by p53 abnormal expression and PDL1 expression. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between these markers and vulvar SCC and to relate it to the clinical and pathological characteristics.

Methods:

Histopathologic assessments and IHC analyses of p16, p53, and PDL1 were performed in 41 samples of vulvar SCC collected between 2016 and 2021. The data were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 72.1 years. Positive p16 and PDL1 staining was detected in 24.4% and 17.1% of the samples, respectively. p53 expression was negative in 19.5% of the samples, whereas it was overexpressed in 24.4%. p16-positive tumors showed a smaller depth of invasion (DOI) (p = 0.014), while tumors with p53 abnormal expression showed greater DOI (p = 0.041). PDL1 expression was correlated with increased number of inflammatory cells (p = 0.055). In addition, lesions with lymphovascular space invasion were p16-negative.

Conclusion:

In our sample, regarding to the SCC incidence the patients’ mean age did not change. The expression of p16 was inversely correlated with p53 results. Tumors with p53 abnormal expression and absence of p16 showed a greater DOI. Our data suggest an association between PDL1 expression and increased inflammatory infiltrates in vulvar SCC.

Key-words Immunohistochemistry p16 p53 PDL1 Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
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Review Article12-04-2024

Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79

Views277

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Abstract
Review Article
Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo79
Juliana Almeida Oliveira ,
Karine Eskandar ,
Marcos Aurélio Araújo Freitas ,
Chris Elizabeth Philip
Views277
Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the maternal outcomes in women with postpartum depression using zuranolone, the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search in September 2023, on Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of zuranolone versus placebo in women with postpartum depression. No time or language restrictions were applied. 297 results were retrieved, of which 11 papers were selected and fully reviewed by two authors. Review Manager 5 was used for statistical analysis and Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was applied for quality assessment.

Results:

We included 2 studies, with 346 women, of whom 174 (50.2%) were treated with zuranolone. Zuranolone was significantly associated to an improvement of Clinical Global Impression response rate; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 15 days and 45-day remission, 3-day, 15-day, and 45-day symptom remission, and reduction in the dose of antidepressants. As for safety outcomes, it was noticed that zuranolone increases sedation risk, which can be dose related. No significant differences were found for other adverse events.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that zuranolone might present a safe and effective medication for out-of-hospital treatment of PPD. Sedation effects need to be further assessed.

Key-words Major depressive disorder postpartum depression Synthetic neurosteroid Zuranolone
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT11-25-2024

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in women: diagnosis and treatment: Number 11 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS11

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Abstract
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in women: diagnosis and treatment: Number 11 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS11
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024FPS11
Andrea Prestes Nácul ,
Ana Carolina Japur Sá Rosa e Silva ,
Daniela Angerame Yela ,
Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros ,
José Maria Soares Júnior ,
Gabriela Pravatta Rezende Antoniassi ,
Lia Cruz da Costa Damásio ,
Técia Maria de Oliveira Maranhão ,
Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel ,
Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto
Views173
Key points[…]
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT11-14-2024

Challenges and strategies in adolescent vaccination: Number 12 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS12

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Challenges and strategies in adolescent vaccination: Number 12 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS12
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024FPS12
Cecília Maria Roteli-Martins ,
Renato de Ávila Kfouri ,
André Luís Ferreira Santos
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Key points[…]
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Original Article10-23-2024

Nipple-sparing mastectomy in young versus elderly patients
- Antônio Luiz Frasson ,
- Isabela Miranda ,
- Betina Vollbrecht ,
- Carolina Malhone ,
- Ana Beatriz Falcone ,
- Martina Lichtenfels
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo90

Views162

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Abstract
Original Article
Nipple-sparing mastectomy in young versus elderly patients
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo90
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo90
Antônio Luiz Frasson ,
Isabela Miranda ,
Betina Vollbrecht ,
Carolina Malhone ,
Ana Beatriz Falcone ,
Fernanda Barbosa ,
Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante ,
Martina Lichtenfels
Views162
Abstract

Objective:

In this study, we compared indications and outcomes of 115 young (< 40 years) versus 40 elderly (> 60 years) patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) as risk-reducing surgery or for breast cancer (BC) treatment.

Methods:

Between January 2004 and December 2018, young and elderly patients undergoing NSM with complete data from at least 6 months of follow-up were included.

Results:

BC treatment was the main indication for NSM, observed in 85(73.9%) young versus 33(82.5%) elderly patients, followed by risk-reducing surgery in 30(26.1%) young versus 7(17.5%) elderly patients. Complication rates did not differ between the age groups. At a median follow-up of 43 months, the overall recurrence rate was higher in the younger cohort (p = 0.04). However, when stratified into local, locoregional, contralateral, and distant metastasis, no statistical difference was observed. During the follow-up, only 2(1.7%) young patients died.

Conclusion:

Our findings elucidate a higher recurrence rate of breast cancer in younger patients undergoing NSM, which may correlate with the fact that age is an independent prognostic factor. High overall survival and low complication rates were evidenced in the two groups showing the safety of NSM for young and elderly patients.

Key-words Age factors Breast neoplasm Breast neoplasms Mastectomy Nipples subcutaneous Young adult
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Original Article10-23-2024

Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Nicole Zazula Beatrici ,
- Roxana Knobel ,
- Mariana Schmidt Vieira ,
- Iago Felipe Alexandrini ,
- Alberto Trapani Júnior ,
- Carla Betina Andreucci
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo87

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Abstract
Original Article
Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo87
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo87
Nicole Zazula Beatrici ,
Roxana Knobel ,
Mariana Schmidt Vieira ,
Iago Felipe Alexandrini ,
Alberto Trapani Júnior ,
Carla Betina Andreucci
Views195
Abstract

Objective:

To compare access and suitability of antenatal care between years 2020 and 2022 among postpartum individuals at a Hospital in Florianopolis, and evaluate factors associated with antenatal suitability.

Methods:

Observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study carried out in 2022. Collected data were compared with the database of a previous similar study carried out in the same setting in 2020. Data were extracted from medical records and prenatal booklets, in addition to a face-to-face questionnaire. Adequacy was measured using the Carvalho and Novaes index and health access was qualitatively evaluated. Socio-demographic and antenatal variables were analyzed. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Open-ended questions were categorized for analysis.

Results:

395 postpartum individuals were included. Antenatal care was adequate for 48.6% in 2020 and 69.1% in 2022. Among the barriers to access, 56% reported difficulty in scheduling appointments and/or exams and 23% complained of reduced healthcare staff due to strikes, COVID-19, among others. Adequate antenatal care was associated with being pregnant in 2022, being referred to high-risk units (PNAR), and not reporting difficulties in access. Also, it was associated with twice the chance of investigation for gestational diabetes (GDM) and syphilis.

Conclusion:

The 2022 post-vaccination period showed higher antenatal adequacy. The main difficulty for postpartum individuals was scheduling appointments and/or exams. Having antenatal care in 2022, no reports of difficulty in access, and follow-up at a high-risk unit were associated with antenatal adequacy.

Key-words COVID-19 Delivery of health care Diabetes Gestational pandemics Postpartum period Pregnancy Prenatal care surveys and questionnaires Vaccination
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Original Article06-19-2002

Computerized Antepartum Cardiotocography Analysis in High Risk Pregnancies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):29-36

Views106

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Abstract
Original Article
Computerized Antepartum Cardiotocography Analysis in High Risk Pregnancies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):29-36
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000100005
Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura,
Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco,
Débora Simões Steinman,
Seizo Miyadahira,
Marcelo Zugaib
Views106
Purpose: to study computerized cardiotocography performed in high-risk pregnancies, analyze the results, and correlate the criteria to perinatal results. Patients and Methods: two hundred and thirty-three high-risk pregnancies were studied prospectively, performing a total of 485 computerized cardiotocographies. The exclusion criteria included fetal anomalies and signal loss over 20% (proportion of 3.75-millisecond periods in which there were no valid pulse intervals). The perinatal results of 71 pregnancies were correlated to the last cardiotocography, performed at least seven days before birth, excluding patients with absent or reversed end diastolic velocities in the umbilical arteries. Results: thirty-three examinations with signal loss over 20% were excluded. The normal criteria were met in 404 (83.3%), and 62.1% examinations met the criteria within 20 minutes and 79% within 30 minutes. The abnormal computerized cardiotocography was related significantly (p<0.05) to adverse perinatal results, such as: preterm delivery, first minute Apgar score less than 7 (33%), neonatal intensive care admission (55.5%) and intubation of newborn at delivery (44.4%). Conclusions: computerized cardiotocography in high-risk pregnancies met the normal criteria in most of the cases, with the examination performed for 30 minutes. The cases that did not meet the criteria correlated significantly to adverse perinatal results.

Key-words Cardiotocography Fetal heart rate Fetal well-being
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Original Article06-19-2002

Predictive Model using Risk Factors for Cesarean Section
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):21-28

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Abstract
Original Article
Predictive Model using Risk Factors for Cesarean Section
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):21-28
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000100004
Alfredo de Almeida Cunha,
Margareth Crisóstomo Portela,
Abés Mahomed Amed,
Luiz Camano
Views122
Purpose: to investigate antepartum factors related to cesarean section and develop a cesarean section predictive model. Methods: the study design was a retrospective cohort which included all the cared 843 deliveries in a third level unit from June 1993 through November 1994. Children with 1,000 g birthweight and above were included. The dependent variable was cesarean section (c-section). Independent variables were antepartum factors related to c-section. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model. Results: our model showed risk of c-section according to the following variables: maternal age under 20 years (OR = 0.396) and over 28 years (OR = 2.133); previous vaginal deliveries (OR = 0.626); previous c-section (OR = 4.576); prenatal care (OR = 2.346); breech presentation (OR = 4.174); twin pregnancies (OR = 14.065); late obstetrical hemorrhage (OR = 28.189); mild preeclampsia (OR = 2.180); severe preeclampsia OR=16.738; chronic hypertension OR=4.927 and other clinical problems (OR = 2.012). The predictive model had a concordance of 82.3% between probabilities and responses. Conclusions: our study identified 12 antepartum factors related to c-section. It was possible to develop a cesarean section predictive model taking into account all previously identified antepartum risk factors.

Key-words Cesarean section Delivery, mode of Predictive model Pregnancy complications
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Original Article06-19-2002

Maternal Morbidity and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Ascendant Infection in Premature Rupture of Membranes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):15-20

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Abstract
Original Article
Maternal Morbidity and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Ascendant Infection in Premature Rupture of Membranes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):15-20
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000100003
José Elias Soares da Rocha,
Ana Claire Pimenteira Tomaz,
Dinalva Bezerra da Rocha,
Antônio Fernando Bezerra,
Ana Luzia de Campos Lopes,
Ana Maria Omena Breda,
Silvia Danielle Alves Souza
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Purpose: to evaluate the effects of ascending infection on the mother and newborn in the cases of premature rupture of membranes. Methods: this was a prospective study, carried out to evaluate 50 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and their newborns. The clinical chorioamnionitis was investigated by clinical findings (thermal curve, abdominal pain by groping and/or uterine softening, smell and other characteristics of vaginal secretion) and subsidiary tests (white blood cell count and C-reactive protein). The histologic chorioamnionitis was investigated by macroscopic and microscopic study (placenta, membranes and cord). In the microscopic study optic microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin staining was used. The newborns were evaluated as to weight and Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes of life. White blood cell count, culture of auditory canal swab and aspirated gastric material culture complemented the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test and the Student t-test, with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was 29.4% (15/50), while for histologic chorioamnionitis it was 40% (20/50). All the cases of clinical chorioamnionitis had latency times (LT) higher than 24 hours. The newborns presented signal of infection in 31.4% of the cases (16/51), all with LT higher than 24 hours. The main isolated microorganisms of auditive duct and gastric aspirate of newborns were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram positive coccus and group B Streptococcus. The infected newborns presented lower Apgar scores in the first and fifth minute of life, lower weight and higher perinatal morbidity and mortality when compared with newborns without infection. Conclusions: based on the analysis of results obtained in the present study, it was possible to conclude that the prolonged latency times increase the possibility of ascending infection, leading to higher possibility of premature delivery and high maternal morbidity (clinical chorioamnionitis), as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Key-words Ascending infection Chorioamnionitis Premature rupture of membranes
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Original Article06-19-2002

Maternal Serum Level of C-reactive Protein in Gestations Complicated by Preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):09-13

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Abstract
Original Article
Maternal Serum Level of C-reactive Protein in Gestations Complicated by Preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(1):09-13
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000100002
Antônio Carlos Vieira Cabral,
Janaína de Freitas Lázaro,
Zilma Nogueira Reis Vitral
Views67
Purpose: to investigate the association between serum C-reactive protein concentration and preeclampsia occurrence, as well as its relation to the disease severity. Patients and Methods: twenty-seven preeclamptic pregnant women and 27 pregnant women with no clinical intercurrences, in the third trimester of pregnancy, were evaluated in a transversal case-control study. Serum C-reactive protein dosage, besides clinical examination and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of the disease, were performed in the antenatal period. The association between C-reactive protein and the presence of preeclampsia, and the correlation between plasma protein values and blood pressure values were investigated. The chi² significance test and regression analysis through the square minimum technique were used, and the results were considered to be statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: the preeclamptic pregnant women presented mean blood pressure levels higher than their controls (129.9±12.1 and 87.2±6.5 mmHg, respectively) and significantly higher C-reactive protein mean values than the normotensive women (18.9±4.9 and 1.56±0.8 mg/L, respectively). There was a significant association between the C-reactive protein concentration increase and preeclampsia occurrence (p<0.0001, odds ratio: 20.1). It was also observed that the mean arterial pressure and proteinuria presented a direct correlation with the circulating C-reactive protein in maternal blood (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: C-reactive protein is an effective marker of preeclampsia occurrence and significantly correlates with the disease severity. The use of this test for the differential diagnosis of pregnant women in several hypertensive situations and its utilization as a marker of preeclampsia prognosis deserve further studies.

Key-words C-reactive protein Hypertension Proteinuria
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Original Article06-18-2002

Correlation Between Laparoscopic Aspects and Histologic Findings in Peritoneal Endometriotic Lesions
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):93-99

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Abstract
Original Article
Correlation Between Laparoscopic Aspects and Histologic Findings in Peritoneal Endometriotic Lesions
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):93-99
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000200004
Francesco Antonio Viscomi,
Rogério Dias,
Laurival de Luca,
Mauro Fernando Kürten Ihlenfeld
Views92
Purpose: to evaluate the correlation between the laparoscopic aspects and the stromal histologic findings of peritoneal endometriosis in order to understand the evolutive theory of endometriosis. Methods: sixty-seven women were submitted to laparoscopy for pelvic pain, infertility, ovarian tumor and other pathologies. A peritoneal biopsy was taken from the typical (puckered black) and atypical endometriotic implants. The different aspects of endometriosis were classified as follows: red lesions (Group V), black lesions (Group N) and white lesions (Group B). The histological sections were examined according to a standardized protocol. The histologic parameters used were: depth of the lesion, presence of hemosiderin, vascularization of the stroma and fibrotic tissue in stroma. Results: regarding lesion depth, there were significant differences between the groups. Red lesions were located consistently on the surface of the peritoneum (100%) and black lesions were superficial in 55.6%, intermediate in 38.9% and deep in 5.5%. White lesions were superficial in 28%, intermediate in 68% and deep in 4%. The presence of hemosiderin showed equivalent results in the 3 groups. The large stromal vascularization was present in the red lesions (60%), which a statistically significant difference compared to the other groups. Fibrotic tissue was present in 70.6% of the white lesions (group B), a fact that was significantly different when compared to groups V and N. Conclusion: the parameters analyzed in this study confirmed the importance of the evolutive theory of endometriosis.

Key-words Endometriosis Hemosiderin Laparoscopy Pelvic pain
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Original Article06-18-2002

Role of Clinical History and Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):87-91

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Role of Clinical History and Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):87-91
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000200003
Paulo Cezar Feldner Jr,
Leonardo Robson P.S. Bezerra,
Manoel João Bastista C. Girão,
Rodrigo Aquino de Castro,
Marair Gracio F. Sartori,
Edmund Chada Baracat,
Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima
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Purpose: to analyze the prevalence of urogynecological symptoms and their relationship with final urodynamic diagnosis, and to compare the clinical sign of stress urinary incontinence with urodynamic diagnosis. Methods: a total of 114 patients were included in a retrospective study from June 2000 to January 2001. All patients were evaluated through medical interview, physical examination and urodynamic study. They were classified according to clinical symptom, presence of clinical sign of urine loss and urodynamic study. The data analysis was performed using a test to determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Results: the mean age was 51 years (19-80), 61 patients (53.5%) were in menacme and 53 (46.5%) in postmenopausal stage. Ten (18.8%) were using hormone replacement therapy and 25 (21.9%) had been submitted to surgery for incontinence. The isolated clinical symptom of urine loss was reported in 41 (36.0%) patients, the isolated urgency/urgency-incontinence in 13 (11.4%) and mixed symptoms in 60 (52.6%). In the urodynamic study, of all patients with symptom of isolated urine loss, 34 (83%) had stress urinary incontinence (SUI), no patient had detrusor instability (DI), 2 (4.9%) had mixed incontinence (MI) and 5 (12.1%) had a normal result. Of all patients with isolated urgency/urgency-incontinence, in the urodynamic study, none had SUI, 5 (38.5%) had ID, 1 (7.7%) had MI and 7 (53.8%) had a normal result. Of the patients with mixed symptoms, we identified, on the urodynamic evaluation, 25 (41.6%) who had SUI, 10 (16.7%) ID, 10 (16.7%) MI and 15 (25.0%) a normal result. The clinical sign of urine loss was identified in 50 (43.9%) patients. A total of 35 (70%) had SUI on urodynamic study, 6 (12%) had SUI and another diagnosis and 9 (18%) did not have SUI. Urine loss was absent in 64 (56.1%) women. Of those 23 (35.9%) had SUI on urodynamic study, 7 (11%) had SUI and another diagnosis and 34 (53.1%) did not have SUI. Conclusions: clinical history and physical examination are important in the management of urinary incontinence, although they should not be used as the only diagnostic method. Objective tests are available and should be used together with clinical data.

Key-words Clinical examination Urinary incontinence Urodynamic study
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Original Article06-18-2002

Sentinel Lymph Node Accuracy in Early Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):81-86

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Sentinel Lymph Node Accuracy in Early Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):81-86
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000200002
José Roberto Morales Piato,
Alfredo Carlos Simões Dornellas de Barros,
Katia Maciel Pincerato,
Adriano Oliveira Vigário,
José Aristodemo Pinotti
Views122
Purpose: to evaluate the predictive capacity of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in relation to the axillary lymph node status in patients with initial invasive breast carcinoma submitted or not to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Method: a prospective study was performed in 112 patients divided into two groups. The first group comprised 70 patients who had not received previous chemotherapy (Group I) and the second consisted of 42 patients who were submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in three cycles of AC (adriamycin + cyclophosphamide) (Group II). Regarding chemotherapy, we observed partial response >50% in 21 patients, being complete in three of them, and <50% in 19 patients; in two patients progression of the disease occurred. A peritumoral injection of 99mTc dextran was applied with the help of stereotaxy in 29 patients with nonpalpable tumors, 16 of Group I and 13 of Group II. The radioactive accumulation shown by scintigraphy guided the biopsy of the axillary SLN with the help of a probe. The anatomopathologic study of SLN was based initially on a single section. When the LSN was free, it was submitted to serial sections at 50 mum intervals, stained with HE. Results: SLN was identified in 108 patients. No identification has been obtained in four patients, all with nonpalpable lesions (3 patients of Group I and 1 of Group II). The method's accuracy in predicting the axillary lymph node status was 100% in patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 93% in those to whom this kind of treatment was administered. This difference proved to be statistically significant. Conclusions: the present study allowed us to conclude that in all patients who did not receive previous chemotherapy treatment, the SLN study was effective in predicting the axillary lymph node status. The high rate of false-negative results in the group of patients submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems to invalidate the use of SLN study these patients.

Key-words Breast cancer Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Sentinel lymph node
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Editorial
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):79-79

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Editorial
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(2):79-79
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000200001
Views34
Editorial A Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (RBGO), como já é do conhecimento de todos, é a única publicação na área de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia que está indexada mo SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online).[…]
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Original Article04-30-2025

Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus
- Ayse Cigdem Bayrak ,
- Erdem Fadiloglu ,
- Haticegul Tuncer ,
- Edip Alptug Kir ,
- Umutcan Kayikci ,
- Ozgur Deren
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo17

Views69

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo17
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo17
Ayse Cigdem Bayrak ,
Erdem Fadiloglu ,
Haticegul Tuncer ,
Edip Alptug Kir ,
Umutcan Kayikci ,
Ozgur Deren
Views69
Abstract

Objective:

This retrospective study aimed to investigate blood-based immune-inflammatory biomarkers (IIBs) in predicting neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM).PIV[(neutrophil×platelet×monocyte)/lymphocyte)], SII (neutrophil×platelet/lymphocyte), and NLR neutrophil/lymphocyte) values were evaluated in all three trimesters, and their correlation with neonatal outcomes was examined.

Methods:

We included 82 cases of PGDM pregnancies delivered after 32 weeks. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, types of diabetes, and route of delivery were noted. For neonatal outcomes, we recorded gestational age at birth, birth weight percentile, existence of fetal growth restriction, LGA, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirement, Apgar Score <7 at 1, 5, or 10 minutes, need for positive pressure ventilation (PPV), need for mechanical ventilation, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia and the need for phototherapy. PIV, SII and NLR values were calculated in each trimester and their association with adverse neonatal outcomes was analyzed.

Results:

We could not detect any consistent and significant correlation between SII and PIV values and adverse neonatal outcomes for each trimester. There was a correlation between 3rd trimester NLR and adverse neonatal outcomes, including APGAR <7, the requirement for PPV and mechanical ventilation (p=0.056, 0.013 and 0.060, respectively).

Conclusion:

While SII and PIV values did not consistently correlate with adverse neonatal outcomes throughout each trimester in PGDM pregnancies, 3rd-trimester NLR showed a notable association with the requirement for PPV with statistical significance and with Apgar Score <7 and the requirement for mechanical ventilation without statistical significance. NLR in the third trimester may hold potential as a predictive marker for specific adverse neonatal outcomes in PGDM pregnancies, warranting further investigation.

Key-words biomarkers Diabetes mellitus Gestational age Hypoglycemia Infant, newborn Intensive care units, neonatal Lymphocytes Maternal age Monocytes Neuthrophils Pregancy Pregnancy in diabetes Respiration, artificial
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Original Article04-30-2025

Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo16

Views76

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo16
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo16
Laís Lima Ferreira ,
Charles Francisco Ferreira ,
Maria Celeste Osório Wender
Views76
Abstract

Objective:

To investigate the association between lifetime experience of domestic violence and climacteric symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life in climacteric women in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 700 pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women, recruited online via an anonymous questionnaire (REDCap platform). Women aged 40 to 65 years, residing in Rio Grande do Sul, and classified by the STRAW+10 criteria were included. Climacteric symptoms and sexual function were assessed using the 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) and the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0; quantitative data as median [IQR], qualitative as frequencies. Group comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, and Spearman’s correlation between violence against women (VAW) and/or climacteric groups on CS-10 or FSFI-6. Significance was set at 5%.

Results:

The median [IQR] age of pre- (46 [43 – 50] years), peri- (50 [47 – 52] years), and postmenopausal (55 [51 – 58] years) were different among groups. Prevalence rates of psychological (38.8%), sexual (34.9%), and physical (21.3%) violence were observed. Postmenopausal women showed the poorest outcomes. Premenopausal women experiencing violence had severe anxiety, while postmenopausal women reported feeling worthless. Various sexual dysfunctions were associated with violence, including low desire, lubrication issues, and sexual pain.

Conclusions:

Domestic violence was linked to worse climacteric symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life, particularly in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the need for improved care and public policies to enhance safety and well-being among women of all ages.

Key-words Anxiety Climacteric Domestic violence Menopause Postmenopause Quality of life Sexuality surveys and questionnaires Violence against women
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Original Article04-30-2025

The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo15

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo15
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo15
Ayşe Çuvadar ,
Elnaz Karamelikli ,
Yeter Çuvadar Baş
Views50
Abstract

Objective:

This study aims to examine the effects of sociodemographic and obstetric factors on traumatic birth perception and breastfeeding attitudes in primiparous mothers who have had a vaginal birth in the early postpartum period.

Methods:

The sample of the research, developed with a cross-sectional and correlational design, consisted of 252 women residing in a province in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. The data were obtained by employing a Personal Information Form, Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale, and Breastfeeding Attitudes of The Evaluation Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical programming language R (R version 4.3.3).

Results:

Women who were not employed, had a planned pregnancy, and did not experience health problems during pregnancy had higher mean breastfeeding attitude scores, and this difference was statistically significant. It was determined that a one-unit increase in gestational week led to an average increase of 1.926 units in breastfeeding attitude score, and a one-unit increase in Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale score led to an average decrease of 0.110 units in breastfeeding attitude score. The mean traumatic childbirth perception scores of women living in urban areas were found to be lower than those living in villages or towns, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The research findings indicate that gestational age, perception of traumatic childbirth, and certain sociodemographic factors significantly affect breastfeeding attitudes. Additionally, mothers living in urban areas have a lower perception of traumatic childbirth. Therefore, individualized approaches to childbirth and breastfeeding support are crucial.

Key-words Breast feeding Delivery, obstetric Parturition perception Postpartum period Sociodemographic factors Stress disorders, post-traumatic
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Original Article04-30-2025

Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo14

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo14
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo14
Carolina Maria Pires Cunha ,
Melania Maria Ramos Amorim ,
Julianna de Azevedo Guendler ,
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza ,
Leila Katz
Views52
Abstract

Objective:

This study described the clinical and epidemiological profile and the management provided to pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 who required respiratory support.

Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted with pregnant and postpartum women with confirmed COVID-19 who received care between April 2020 and December 2021 in eight referral centers in northeastern Brazil. Statistical analysis was conducted using Epi-Info 7.2.5 and Medcalc, version 20.112.

Results:

Of the 720 patients admitted, 208 (32.7%) required respiratory support. Mean age of the participants was 28.9±7.1 years. Most (52.8%) were brown-skinned; 31.3% had little formal schooling; 41.1% had a personal income and 23.1% were married. Around half were referred from another hospital. Overall, 36.8% were obese and 36.9% were hypertensive. Criteria for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were present in 80.7% of cases. Overall, 151 patients (74.7%) required corticoids, and 150 (76.1%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. Non-invasive ventilation was needed in 89.4% of cases, with nasal catheters being the most common type (55.3% of cases). Invasive mechanical ventilation was necessary in 35.5% of cases and 91.6% had a cesarean section. Maternal near miss and death occurred in 24% and 12.9% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

Pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 who required respiratory support were predominantly brown-skinned, in the third trimester of pregnancy and had been referred from another hospital. The cesarean section rate was high; the presence of criteria for SARS was common and the rates of COVID-19-related maternal near miss and death were high.

Clinical Trials registry:

NCT04462367

Key-words Cesarian section COVID-19 Intensive care units Near miss, healthcare Noninvasive ventilation Obesity Postpartum period Pregnancy Pregnancy trimester, third Respiration, artificial SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome
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Original Article04-30-2025

Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo13

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo13
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo13
Gabriella Ferezini Oliveira de Sá ,
Pedro Vilar de Oliveira Villarim ,
Pedro Hortêncio Saboia da Escossia Melo ,
Ayane Cristine Alves Sarmento ,
Ana Katherine Gonçalves ,
Kleyton Santos de Medeiros ,
Cristina Rocha de Medeiros Miranda
Views61
Abstract

Objective:

This study aims to assess the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and to explore its correlation with clinical, molecular, and prognostic factors.

Methods:

We conducted this retrospective observational study at Liga Contra o Câncer, a major public oncology reference center in Northeast Brazil. We included patients diagnosed with breast cancer who initiated neoadjuvant therapy between June 2018 and June 2019. Patients with a history of recurrent breast cancer or those who did not undergo surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was the pCR rate, with secondary outcomes including Overall Survival (OS), Disease-Free Survival (DFS), mortality, and disease recurrence. Follow-up extended until August 2022. We performed multivariate Cox regression analysis to correlate outcomes with predetermined variables.

Results:

Of the 292 included patients, 63 (21.6%) achieved pCR. The mean follow-up duration was 42.8 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an association between pCR and the AC-TH regimen [OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.13 – 5.24; p=0.023], as well as between pCR and HER2-positive tumors [OR 2.49; 95% CI = 1.14 – 5.86; p=0.028]. Complete pathological response was associated with higher DFS [HR 0.33; 95%CI 0.13-0.86; p=0.024].

Conclusion:

Neoadjuvant therapy demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving pathological response in breast cancer patients. We observed a strong association between the AC-TH regimen, HER2-positive status, and pCR.

Key-words Breast neoplasm Neoadjuvant therapy Surgical oncology
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT03-28-2025

Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-FPS3

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-FPS3
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025FPS3
Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho ,
Mariana Seabra Leite Praça ,
Matheus Eduardo Soares Pinhati ,
Laura Guimarães Castro ,
Renato Moretti-Marques ,
Angélica Nogueira-Rodrigues ,
Eduardo Batista Cândido
Views177
Key points

•The population of female cancer survivors has increased over the last few years, highlighting the importance of appropriate follow-up of these patients.

•The main objective of long-term follow-up for patients treated for cancer is the early detection of recurrences, whether local, lymph node or distant metastases.

•Symptom assessment and physical examination play an important role in the follow-up of patients treated for gynecological neoplasms.

•The use of laboratory or imaging tests to detect recurrence in asymptomatic patients should be based on evidence that it improves survival or provides less morbid treatments, also considering cost and availability.

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Letter to the Editor03-18-2025

Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Amnuay Kleebayoon ,
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo12

Views176

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo12
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo12
Amnuay Kleebayoon ,
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Views176
The publication on “Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.”() Is an interesting issue. This study investigated antenatal care consumption and appropriateness among postpartum caregivers at Florianópolis Hospital from 2020 to 2022, with an emphasis on socio-demographic characteristics and antenatal care. Although this study […]
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Letter to the Editor03-18-2025

Use of calcium during pregnancy: far beyond pre-eclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo11

Views192

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
Use of calcium during pregnancy: far beyond pre-eclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo11
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo11
Melania Maria Ramos Amorim ,
Marina Amorim Albuquerque ,
Lucas Félix ,
Anna Catharina Carneiro da Cunha ,
Leila Katz
Views192
Dear Editor,We read with interest the Editorial of the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (RBGO) in which Braga et al. present the initiative of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) for prediction and secondary prevention of pre-eclampsia.() The authors highlight universal calcium supplementation during pregnancy as a significant innovation, implemented for the first […]
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Prognosis and cardiotoxicity associated to adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer: real world study in a public health system

Abstract

Objective:

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Conclusion:

Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

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Results:

Conclusion:

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

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Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies

Abstract

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Conclusion:

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in women: diagnosis and treatment: Number 11 – 2024

Challenges and strategies in adolescent vaccination: Number 12 – 2024

Nipple-sparing mastectomy in young versus elderly patients

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Computerized Antepartum Cardiotocography Analysis in High Risk Pregnancies

Predictive Model using Risk Factors for Cesarean Section

Maternal Morbidity and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Ascendant Infection in Premature Rupture of Membranes

Maternal Serum Level of C-reactive Protein in Gestations Complicated by Preeclampsia

Correlation Between Laparoscopic Aspects and Histologic Findings in Peritoneal Endometriotic Lesions

Role of Clinical History and Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence

Sentinel Lymph Node Accuracy in Early Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Editorial

Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Clinical Trials registry:

Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment

Key points

Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic