Articles - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Resumos de Teses06-27-2002

Repercussões de um Programa Multidisciplinar de Preparo para o Parto e Maternidade: Ansiedade Materna e Resultados Perinatais
- Elenice Bertanha Consonni
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):205-205

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Abstract
Resumos de Teses
Repercussões de um Programa Multidisciplinar de Preparo para o Parto e Maternidade: Ansiedade Materna e Resultados Perinatais
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):205-205
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300010
Elenice Bertanha Consonni
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Repercussões de um Programa Multidisciplinar de Preparo para o Parto e Maternidade Ansiedade Materna e Resultados Perinatais […]
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Resumos de Teses06-27-2002

Método da Bromocriptina Associado ao Esquema de Hiperestimulação Ovariana Controlada em Pacientes Más Respondedoras
- Rodrigo Coelho Franco
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):205-205

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Resumos de Teses
Método da Bromocriptina Associado ao Esquema de Hiperestimulação Ovariana Controlada em Pacientes Más Respondedoras
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):205-205
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300011
Rodrigo Coelho Franco
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Método da Bromocriptina Associado ao Esquema de Hiperestimulação Ovariana Controlada em Pacientes Más Respondedoras […]
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Case Report06-27-2002

Chronic Placental Abruption: A Case Report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):201-204

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Abstract
Case Report
Chronic Placental Abruption: A Case Report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):201-204
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300009
Júlio César Faria Couto,
Juliana Moysés Barbosa Leite,
Cláudia Araújo de Souza Leão Lages,
Antônio Vieira Machado,
Sinval Ferreira de Oliveira
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Chronic placental abruption is a rare condition that can be early detected by ultrasound. Vaginal bleeding and uterine excitability can be present in an infrequent way. Chronic placental abruption physiopathology is unknown and there are no consistent medical risks that predispose to this condition. The perinatal outcome is poor and is often associated with prematurity and fetal or perinatal death. The obstetric treatment depends on the gestational age, fetal conditions and the size of the clot. We present a case of a chronic placental abruption diagnosed in a 14-week gestation complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, oligohydramnios and perinatal death.

Key-words Placental abruption Thrombohematoma treatment
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Original Article06-27-2002

Prospective Study of The Ultrasound Features in the Diagnosis of Solid Breast Lesions
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):195-199

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Abstract
Original Article
Prospective Study of The Ultrasound Features in the Diagnosis of Solid Breast Lesions
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):195-199
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300008
Régis Resende Paulinelli,
Célio da Silva Rocha Vidal,
Alessandro Naldi Ruiz,
Vardeli Alves de Moraes,
Júlio Roberto Macedo Bernardes Júnior,
Ruffo de Freitas Júnior
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Purpose: to evaluate, in a prospective way, the importance of ultrasound features of solid breast lesions in the differentiation between benign and malignant lumps. Methods: one hundred and forty-two patients with solid breast lesions, from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Federal University of Goias (Brazil), were included in the trial. All ultrasound examinations were performed by a training doctor, always supervised by an experienced professional. The characteristics of the lesions studied were: shape, retrotumoral echoes, internal echoes, oriented diameter, halo of bright echoes and Cooper ligaments. Each of the ultrasound features was compared to the results of the histological examination. Results: among the 142 patients included in the trial, 90 (63%) had their lesions excised, and 77 (86%) had pathologic diagnoses of benign tumors and 13 (14%) of malignant tumors. The following characteristics were statistically significant in the diagnosis of the breast cancer (c²): masses with retrotumoral shadowing (p=0.0001), irregular shape (p=0.0007), heterogeneous internal echoes (p=0.0015) and vertically oriented – taller than wide (p<0.0001). The presence of halo of bright echoes anterior to the lump and the presence of wider Cooper ligaments were not related to the correct diagnosis of malignancy in this trial. Conclusion: ultrasound is a diagnostic method that can help physicians between the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lumps. The presence of retrotumoral shadowing, irregular shape, heterogeneous internal echoes and vertical orientation - lesions taller than wide - were related to the pathologic diagnosis of breast malignancies.

Key-words Breast cancer Diagnosis ultrasound
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Original Article06-27-2002

Ovarian Autotransplantation to the Greater Omentum: Experimental Model
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):187-192

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Ovarian Autotransplantation to the Greater Omentum: Experimental Model
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):187-192
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300007
Luiz Ronaldo Alberti,
Leonardo de Souza Vasconcellos,
Juliano Ferreira Barbosa,
Andy Petroianu
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Purpose: in order to maintain the gonadal function after oophorectomy, morphofunctional aspects of ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum and the best kind of implantation, intact or sliced, were investigated. Methods: forty cycling female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (n = 5), control – laparotomy; Group II (n = 5), bilateral oophorectomy; Group III (n = 10), intact ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum; and Group IV (n = 10), sliced ovarian autotransplantation, both to the greater omentum. The estrous cycle was investigated in the third and sixth postoperative months and histological studies of the ovarian implants were carried out considering: degeneration, fibrosis, inflammatory reaction, angiogenesis, follicular cysts, follicular development and corpora lutea. Results: the animals of Group I preserved the cycling sequence. The rats of Group II remained in diestrus. In Group III, 11 rats remained in diestrus, three presented incomplete cycles and one showed normal cycle. In Group IV, three animals remained in diestrus, eight showed incomplete cycles and four showed normal cycles. The histology of the ovaries of Group III was normal in ten female rats; however, the ovaries of the other five animals presented degeneration. In Group IV, 14 female rats had ovaries with preserved morphological aspect, and signs of degeneration occurred in one. Conclusions: the ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum is viable and the sliced form presented better morphofunctional aspects than the intact implants.

Key-words Autotransplantation Colpocytology Oophorectomy Ovarian cycle Ovary
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Original Article06-27-2002

Effect of Maternal Age on Perinatal Outcomes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):181-185

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Abstract
Original Article
Effect of Maternal Age on Perinatal Outcomes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):181-185
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300006
George Dantas de Azevedo,
Reginaldo Antonio de Oliveira Freitas Júnior,
Ana Karla Monteiro Santana de Oliveira Freitas,
Ana Cristina Pinheiro Fernandes de Araújo,
Elvira Maria Mafaldo Soares,
Técia Maria de Oliveira Maranhão
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Purpose: to investigate the interactions between maternal age and adverse perinatal outcomes in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Methods: we analyzed official records of 57,088 infants in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, from January 1997 to December 1997. Data were obtained from the Information System of the Health Ministry, Brazil. The sample was divided into three Groups I, II and III according to maternal age range: 10 to 19 years, 20 to 34, and 35 or more, respectively. The main outcome variables were: length of pregnancy, birth weight and mode of delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using chi² test. Results: preterm deliveries were 4.3% in the adolescent group vs 3.7% in Group II (p = 0.0028). The incidence of cesarean section was higher in Group II than in the other Groups (p<0.001). Low birth weight was significantly higher in Groups I (8.4%) and III (8.3%) when compared with Group II (6.5%) (p<0.0001). Conclusions: we found a higher incidence of lower birth weight and preterm delivery in the adolescent group. In women ³35 years old there was a high incidence of low birth weight and macrosomia. Results suggest that cesarean sections are more common in women aged 20-34 years than in adolescent and older mothers.

Key-words Adolescent pregnancy Cesarean section Maternal age Perinatal outcome
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Original Article06-27-2002

Asymptomatic Amniotic Fluid Infection
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):175-179

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Abstract
Original Article
Asymptomatic Amniotic Fluid Infection
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):175-179
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300005
Roxeane Martins Monteiro,
Carlos Augusto Alencar Júnior,
Francisco das Chagas Oliveira,
Cibele Barreto Mano de Carvalho,
José Luciano Bezerra Moreira
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Purpose: to determine the presence of asymptomatic amniotic fluid infection in pregnant women, to identify the bacterial agents involved in the infection and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. Methods: amniotic fluid samples were obtained by amniocentesis from 81 pregnant women without labor signs and without suspucion of clinical infection, attended at Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand from August 1997 to January 1999. The presence of aerobic bacteria, strict/facultative anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas was investigated. The anaerobic bacteria were identified by the ATB SystemÒ (Biolab Mérieux) and mycoplasmas by the IST MycoplasmaÒ kit (Biolab-Mérieux). Results: among the obtained samples, eight (9.8%) showed positive culture and in two samples two different strains were identified. The isolated pathogens were Ureaplasma urealyticum (7 cases, 8.6%), Mycoplasma hominis (1 case, 1.2%) and Peptostreptococcus sp (2 cases, 2.4%). The antimicrobial susceptibility was characterized by great mycoplasma resistance to erythromycin (37.5%) and no resistance to cyclins. Conclusions: the percentage of asymptomatic infections was high, and furthe research is necessary to evaluate the asymptomatic infection consequences in pregnant women and their newborns, involving methods that identify genital mycoplasmas, which were the most frequently isolated bacteria.

Key-words Amniotic fluid Chorioamnionitis Infections in pregnancy
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Original Article06-27-2002

Nuchal Translucency Measurement in the Screening of Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Carlos Geraldo Viana Murta,
- Luiz Cláudio França
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):167-173

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Abstract
Original Article
Nuchal Translucency Measurement in the Screening of Chromosomal Abnormalities
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(3):167-173
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000300004
Carlos Geraldo Viana Murta,
Luiz Cláudio França
Views102
Purpose: to study the value of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Methods: a total of 1152 fetuses were studied consecutively. In 124 cases a cytogenetic study was performed on material obtained from a biopsy of the chorionic villus, and in 1028 cases the result was based on the postnatal phenotype. In addition to the routine ultrasonographic examination, all fetuses were submitted to measurement of the NT thickness. For statistical analysis Student’s t test and ANOVA were used. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, false-positive rate and likelihood ratio were calculated. Results: twenty-three cases of chromosomal abnormalities occurred. Of these abnormal cases, NT measurement was above the 95th percentile in 16 (sensitivity of 69.5%). In the group of normal fetuses (1129 cases), NT measurement was above the 95th percentile in 41 (specificity of 96.3%, positive and negative predictive values of 28.0% and 99.3%, respectively, false-positive rate of 3.7% and likelihood ratio of 19.1). Conclusion: our results suggest that the presence of chromosomal abnormalities may be strongly suspected when there is an increased NT thickness. One can infer that the quantitative NT analysis is sufficient to classify the risk of chromosomal anomalies in the first trimester of the pregnancy. Although the ultrasound operator’s training and skill is still necessary, it is a method of clinical applicability.

Key-words Chromosomal abnormalities Nuchal translucency prenatal diagnosis
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Original Article04-30-2025

Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus
- Ayse Cigdem Bayrak ,
- Erdem Fadiloglu ,
- Haticegul Tuncer ,
- Edip Alptug Kir ,
- Umutcan Kayikci ,
- Ozgur Deren
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo17

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Abstract
Original Article
Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo17
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo17
Ayse Cigdem Bayrak ,
Erdem Fadiloglu ,
Haticegul Tuncer ,
Edip Alptug Kir ,
Umutcan Kayikci ,
Ozgur Deren
Views69
Abstract

Objective:

This retrospective study aimed to investigate blood-based immune-inflammatory biomarkers (IIBs) in predicting neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM).PIV[(neutrophil×platelet×monocyte)/lymphocyte)], SII (neutrophil×platelet/lymphocyte), and NLR neutrophil/lymphocyte) values were evaluated in all three trimesters, and their correlation with neonatal outcomes was examined.

Methods:

We included 82 cases of PGDM pregnancies delivered after 32 weeks. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, types of diabetes, and route of delivery were noted. For neonatal outcomes, we recorded gestational age at birth, birth weight percentile, existence of fetal growth restriction, LGA, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirement, Apgar Score <7 at 1, 5, or 10 minutes, need for positive pressure ventilation (PPV), need for mechanical ventilation, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia and the need for phototherapy. PIV, SII and NLR values were calculated in each trimester and their association with adverse neonatal outcomes was analyzed.

Results:

We could not detect any consistent and significant correlation between SII and PIV values and adverse neonatal outcomes for each trimester. There was a correlation between 3rd trimester NLR and adverse neonatal outcomes, including APGAR <7, the requirement for PPV and mechanical ventilation (p=0.056, 0.013 and 0.060, respectively).

Conclusion:

While SII and PIV values did not consistently correlate with adverse neonatal outcomes throughout each trimester in PGDM pregnancies, 3rd-trimester NLR showed a notable association with the requirement for PPV with statistical significance and with Apgar Score <7 and the requirement for mechanical ventilation without statistical significance. NLR in the third trimester may hold potential as a predictive marker for specific adverse neonatal outcomes in PGDM pregnancies, warranting further investigation.

Key-words biomarkers Diabetes mellitus Gestational age Hypoglycemia Infant, newborn Intensive care units, neonatal Lymphocytes Maternal age Monocytes Neuthrophils Pregancy Pregnancy in diabetes Respiration, artificial
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Original Article04-30-2025

Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo16

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo16
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo16
Laís Lima Ferreira ,
Charles Francisco Ferreira ,
Maria Celeste Osório Wender
Views77
Abstract

Objective:

To investigate the association between lifetime experience of domestic violence and climacteric symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life in climacteric women in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 700 pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women, recruited online via an anonymous questionnaire (REDCap platform). Women aged 40 to 65 years, residing in Rio Grande do Sul, and classified by the STRAW+10 criteria were included. Climacteric symptoms and sexual function were assessed using the 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) and the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0; quantitative data as median [IQR], qualitative as frequencies. Group comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, and Spearman’s correlation between violence against women (VAW) and/or climacteric groups on CS-10 or FSFI-6. Significance was set at 5%.

Results:

The median [IQR] age of pre- (46 [43 – 50] years), peri- (50 [47 – 52] years), and postmenopausal (55 [51 – 58] years) were different among groups. Prevalence rates of psychological (38.8%), sexual (34.9%), and physical (21.3%) violence were observed. Postmenopausal women showed the poorest outcomes. Premenopausal women experiencing violence had severe anxiety, while postmenopausal women reported feeling worthless. Various sexual dysfunctions were associated with violence, including low desire, lubrication issues, and sexual pain.

Conclusions:

Domestic violence was linked to worse climacteric symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life, particularly in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the need for improved care and public policies to enhance safety and well-being among women of all ages.

Key-words Anxiety Climacteric Domestic violence Menopause Postmenopause Quality of life Sexuality surveys and questionnaires Violence against women
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Original Article04-30-2025

The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo15

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo15
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo15
Ayşe Çuvadar ,
Elnaz Karamelikli ,
Yeter Çuvadar Baş
Views50
Abstract

Objective:

This study aims to examine the effects of sociodemographic and obstetric factors on traumatic birth perception and breastfeeding attitudes in primiparous mothers who have had a vaginal birth in the early postpartum period.

Methods:

The sample of the research, developed with a cross-sectional and correlational design, consisted of 252 women residing in a province in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. The data were obtained by employing a Personal Information Form, Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale, and Breastfeeding Attitudes of The Evaluation Scale. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical programming language R (R version 4.3.3).

Results:

Women who were not employed, had a planned pregnancy, and did not experience health problems during pregnancy had higher mean breastfeeding attitude scores, and this difference was statistically significant. It was determined that a one-unit increase in gestational week led to an average increase of 1.926 units in breastfeeding attitude score, and a one-unit increase in Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale score led to an average decrease of 0.110 units in breastfeeding attitude score. The mean traumatic childbirth perception scores of women living in urban areas were found to be lower than those living in villages or towns, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The research findings indicate that gestational age, perception of traumatic childbirth, and certain sociodemographic factors significantly affect breastfeeding attitudes. Additionally, mothers living in urban areas have a lower perception of traumatic childbirth. Therefore, individualized approaches to childbirth and breastfeeding support are crucial.

Key-words Breast feeding Delivery, obstetric Parturition perception Postpartum period Sociodemographic factors Stress disorders, post-traumatic
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Original Article04-30-2025

Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo14

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo14
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo14
Carolina Maria Pires Cunha ,
Melania Maria Ramos Amorim ,
Julianna de Azevedo Guendler ,
Alex Sandro Rolland Souza ,
Leila Katz
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Abstract

Objective:

This study described the clinical and epidemiological profile and the management provided to pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 who required respiratory support.

Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted with pregnant and postpartum women with confirmed COVID-19 who received care between April 2020 and December 2021 in eight referral centers in northeastern Brazil. Statistical analysis was conducted using Epi-Info 7.2.5 and Medcalc, version 20.112.

Results:

Of the 720 patients admitted, 208 (32.7%) required respiratory support. Mean age of the participants was 28.9±7.1 years. Most (52.8%) were brown-skinned; 31.3% had little formal schooling; 41.1% had a personal income and 23.1% were married. Around half were referred from another hospital. Overall, 36.8% were obese and 36.9% were hypertensive. Criteria for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were present in 80.7% of cases. Overall, 151 patients (74.7%) required corticoids, and 150 (76.1%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. Non-invasive ventilation was needed in 89.4% of cases, with nasal catheters being the most common type (55.3% of cases). Invasive mechanical ventilation was necessary in 35.5% of cases and 91.6% had a cesarean section. Maternal near miss and death occurred in 24% and 12.9% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion:

Pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 who required respiratory support were predominantly brown-skinned, in the third trimester of pregnancy and had been referred from another hospital. The cesarean section rate was high; the presence of criteria for SARS was common and the rates of COVID-19-related maternal near miss and death were high.

Clinical Trials registry:

NCT04462367

Key-words Cesarian section COVID-19 Intensive care units Near miss, healthcare Noninvasive ventilation Obesity Postpartum period Pregnancy Pregnancy trimester, third Respiration, artificial SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome
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Original Article04-30-2025

Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo13

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo13
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo13
Gabriella Ferezini Oliveira de Sá ,
Pedro Vilar de Oliveira Villarim ,
Pedro Hortêncio Saboia da Escossia Melo ,
Ayane Cristine Alves Sarmento ,
Ana Katherine Gonçalves ,
Kleyton Santos de Medeiros ,
Cristina Rocha de Medeiros Miranda
Views61
Abstract

Objective:

This study aims to assess the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and to explore its correlation with clinical, molecular, and prognostic factors.

Methods:

We conducted this retrospective observational study at Liga Contra o Câncer, a major public oncology reference center in Northeast Brazil. We included patients diagnosed with breast cancer who initiated neoadjuvant therapy between June 2018 and June 2019. Patients with a history of recurrent breast cancer or those who did not undergo surgery were excluded. The primary outcome was the pCR rate, with secondary outcomes including Overall Survival (OS), Disease-Free Survival (DFS), mortality, and disease recurrence. Follow-up extended until August 2022. We performed multivariate Cox regression analysis to correlate outcomes with predetermined variables.

Results:

Of the 292 included patients, 63 (21.6%) achieved pCR. The mean follow-up duration was 42.8 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an association between pCR and the AC-TH regimen [OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.13 – 5.24; p=0.023], as well as between pCR and HER2-positive tumors [OR 2.49; 95% CI = 1.14 – 5.86; p=0.028]. Complete pathological response was associated with higher DFS [HR 0.33; 95%CI 0.13-0.86; p=0.024].

Conclusion:

Neoadjuvant therapy demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving pathological response in breast cancer patients. We observed a strong association between the AC-TH regimen, HER2-positive status, and pCR.

Key-words Breast neoplasm Neoadjuvant therapy Surgical oncology
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT03-28-2025

Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-FPS3

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Abstract
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-FPS3
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025FPS3
Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho ,
Mariana Seabra Leite Praça ,
Matheus Eduardo Soares Pinhati ,
Laura Guimarães Castro ,
Renato Moretti-Marques ,
Angélica Nogueira-Rodrigues ,
Eduardo Batista Cândido
Views177
Key points

•The population of female cancer survivors has increased over the last few years, highlighting the importance of appropriate follow-up of these patients.

•The main objective of long-term follow-up for patients treated for cancer is the early detection of recurrences, whether local, lymph node or distant metastases.

•Symptom assessment and physical examination play an important role in the follow-up of patients treated for gynecological neoplasms.

•The use of laboratory or imaging tests to detect recurrence in asymptomatic patients should be based on evidence that it improves survival or provides less morbid treatments, also considering cost and availability.

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Letter to the Editor03-18-2025

Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Amnuay Kleebayoon ,
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo12

Views176

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo12
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo12
Amnuay Kleebayoon ,
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Views176
The publication on “Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.”() Is an interesting issue. This study investigated antenatal care consumption and appropriateness among postpartum caregivers at Florianópolis Hospital from 2020 to 2022, with an emphasis on socio-demographic characteristics and antenatal care. Although this study […]
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Letter to the Editor03-18-2025

Use of calcium during pregnancy: far beyond pre-eclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo11

Views193

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
Use of calcium during pregnancy: far beyond pre-eclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo11
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo11
Melania Maria Ramos Amorim ,
Marina Amorim Albuquerque ,
Lucas Félix ,
Anna Catharina Carneiro da Cunha ,
Leila Katz
Views193
Dear Editor,We read with interest the Editorial of the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (RBGO) in which Braga et al. present the initiative of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) for prediction and secondary prevention of pre-eclampsia.() The authors highlight universal calcium supplementation during pregnancy as a significant innovation, implemented for the first […]
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Review Article03-18-2025

Short cervix and use of cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo10

Views173

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Short cervix and use of cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo10
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo10
Ana Clara Felix de Farias Santos ,
Nicole dos Santos Pimenta ,
Ana Gabriela Alves Pereira ,
Gabriela Oliveira Gonçalves Molino ,
Maírla Marina Ferreira Dias ,
Pedro Henrique Costa Matos da Silva
Views173
Abstract

Objective:

Preterm birth remains a significant contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The use of cervical pessaries as an intervention for preventing preterm delivery in women with a short cervix has been a subject of interest. We evaluated the effectiveness of cervical pessary compared to standard care in preventing preterm delivery in women with a short cervix.

Data source:

Databases were systematically searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases in December 2023.

Study selection:

Randomized clinical trials with the outcomes of interest were included.

Data collect:

We computed risk ratios for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Data were analyzed using R software (version 4.3.0). The primary outcomes of interest were preterm delivery before 37 weeks, and preterm delivery before 34 weeks.

Data synthesis:

Seventeen studies with 5,704 patients were included. The use of cervical pessary was associated with a decreased risk of preterm delivery before 37 (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96) and 34 weeks (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.99) of gestation in twin pregnancies as compared to standard care without progesterone. There were no significant differences in preterm delivery in singleton pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, preterm premature rupture of the membranes or chorioamnionitis.

Conclusion:

The use of cervical pessary was associated with a significant reduction in preterm delivery at 34 and 37 weeks of gestation in twin pregnancies among patients with a short cervix compared to no treatment. No significant difference was found in singleton pregnancies or maternal outcomes.

Key-words Cervical length measurement Pessaries Progesterone, Premature birth short cervix
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Short Communication03-18-2025

Contraception in adolescents with mental disorders: adherence and satisfaction in the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo9

Views172

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Short Communication
Contraception in adolescents with mental disorders: adherence and satisfaction in the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo9
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo9
Giani Silvana Schwengber Cezimbra ,
Edward Araujo Júnior ,
Cristina Aparecida Falbo Guazzelli
Views172
Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the continuation rate, satisfaction, and reasons for discontinuation of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in adolescents treated in a mental health service.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study conducted in a reference unit for the care of adolescents with mental disorders (MDs) and intellectual disabilities (IDs). All patients received a gynecological consultation and an educational group on contraceptive methods. Sociodemographic data on age, education and gynecological data (menarche, coitarche, regularity of menstrual cycles and presence of symptoms) were collected. Follow-up was quarterly for 12 months, during which symptoms, desire to continue, and satisfaction with the use of the quarterly injectable were assessed.

Results:

Eight hundred and sixty-two sexually active adolescents were supported, 532 adolescents chose to use the quarterly injectable, and 69 of these agreed to participate in the study. The mean age of users was 15.5 years (SD=0.91). After 12 months of follow-up, 34 (49.3%) of the 69 adolescents continued to use the method and 36 (52.3%) were satisfied. Among the 33 (47.8%) who discontinued use, the most common reasons were irregular bleeding and weight gain.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with intellectual disabilities and/or other mental disorders showed a significant rate of continuation and satisfaction with the use of the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at 12 months, and the most common reasons for discontinuation were irregular uterine bleeding and weight gain.

Key-words Contraception Medroxyprogesterone acetate Mental disorders Pregnancy Pregnancy in adolescence
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Original Article03-18-2025

The experience of pregnancy in the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo8

Views189

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
The experience of pregnancy in the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo8
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo8
Mariana Corniani Lopes ,
Cheryl Tatano Beck ,
Zelina Hilária de Souza Rosa ,
Erika de Sá Vieira Abuchaim
Views189
Abstract

Objective:

To describe women’s experience of pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A qualitative study conducted in a private maternity hospital, from May, 2020 to November, 2021, with women aged ≥ 18 years, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks at birth and ≥ 24 hours post-partum. Data collected through semi-structured interviews, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed adopting Krippendorff’s Content Analysis as theoretical-methodological framework.

Results:

Four main themes emerged: Fear, Taking care and celebrating pregnancy: adjusting to the new reality, Harms of Isolation, and Benefits of Isolation. The fear of contamination and its impact on the health of mother and child resulted in the adoption of severe social isolation, including from those considered sources of support by the expecting mother. Overwhelmed, some of the participants reported loneliness and psychic suffering. The opportunity to focus on the pregnancy, the preparations for the arrival of the child, and the family made isolation a beneficial and positive period for other women.

Conclusion:

The experience of pregnancy in the Pandemic was an event outside of the ordinary and common. The expecting mother faced her worst fears on a daily basis and attended prenatal care, in order to ensure her child would be born healthy. The celebration of the baby’s life, amid so many deaths, had to be adjusted to the virtual environment. It was a tense, solitary, and ambiguous period, which demanded a lot from the mental health of some participants, but to others, brought advantages that would not have been possible in different times.

Key-words COVID-19 Mental health pandemics Pregnancy Pregnant women
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Original Article03-18-2025

Effect of COVID-19 on Brazilian cesarean and prematurity rates: a cross-sectional study
- Clarissa Suzart ,
- José Paulo de Siqueira Guida
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo6

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Effect of COVID-19 on Brazilian cesarean and prematurity rates: a cross-sectional study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo6
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo6
Clarissa Suzart ,
José Paulo de Siqueira Guida
Views166
Abstract

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between prematurity and cesarean section rate in Brazil during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Utilizing the Robson Classification, this study analyzed data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s Live Births Panel, comparing CSR) and group 10 (preterm deliveries) between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic) in each of Brazilian states and the overall country. The prematurity and CSR were compared using prevalence ratio and confidence interval, and p-value was obtained. The variation of prematurity and CSR were compared through the coefficient of determination (R2).

Results:

A total of 5,522,910 deliveries were evaluated during the period. The CSR increased from 56.34% to 57.05% (p<0.01), and the frequency of preterm deliveries rose from 8.99% to 9.13% (p<0.01). The CSR increased in 23 States and decreased in 4 States, while the prematurity rate increased in 16 States and decreased in 10 States. A positive relationship between the increase of CSR and prematurity was observed during COVID-19, with an R2 value of 0.3121, suggesting a moderate association between these two variables.

Conclusion:

Between 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and 2021 (the first full year of the COVID-19 pandemic), there was an increase in prematurity and CSR in Brazil. These increases were observed in most Brazilian states and may be correlated. However, it is impossible to establish a cause-effect relationship given the design of this study.

Key-words Cesarean delivery COVID-19 Infant, newborn Live birth Maternal mortality pandemics Prematurity
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Original Article03-18-2025

Accurate evaluation of mode of delivery and labor progression with angle of progression: a prospective cross-sectional
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo5

Views157

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Accurate evaluation of mode of delivery and labor progression with angle of progression: a prospective cross-sectional
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo5
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo5
Huong Lam Le ,
Huy Vu Quoc Nguyen ,
Tam Minh Le ,
Lam Hoang Vo
Views157
Abstract

Objective:

To determine the validity of the angle of progression (AoP) in predicting delivery mode among women in the second stage of labor.

Designs:

This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology unit (OBGYN) of two hospitals in Vietnam. Transperineal ultrasound was performed for each woman to measure the progression angle in the second phase of labor.

Participants:

A total of 725 women with singleton pregnancies with cephalic presentation at term

Methods:

Transperineal ultrasound was used to measure the angle of progression in the second labor phase and to identify the delivery method.

Results:

The rate of vaginal birth in women with an AoP ≥ 120° on transperineal ultrasound was 70.2%. The optimal cutoff point of AOP ≥122° with sensitivity and specificity for vaginal birth were 87.8% and 80.7%, respectively the area under the ROC curve of 0.887 (p<0.0001). The study's sample size was restricted owing to deficiencies in resources and time.

Conclusion:

The likelihood of achieving spontaneous vaginal delivery can be predicted by the angle of progression measured with transperineal intrapartum ultrasonography during the second stage of labor in women.

Key-words Cesarean section Delivery, obstetric Labor stage, second Pregnancy Ultrasonography
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Original Article03-18-2025

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: a promising new biomarker to identify cervical precursor lesions and cancer
- Martina Lichtenfels ,
- Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ,
- Rossana Veronica Mendoza López ,
- Camila Alves da Silva ,
- Luiz Carlos Zeferino ,
- Lara Termini
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo4

Views137

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Original Article
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: a promising new biomarker to identify cervical precursor lesions and cancer
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo4
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo4
Martina Lichtenfels ,
Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ,
Rossana Veronica Mendoza López ,
Camila Alves da Silva ,
Luiz Carlos Zeferino ,
Vanesca de Souza Lino ,
Adhemar Longatto-Filho ,
Louise De Brot ,
Silvia Helena Rabelo-Santos ,
Daniela Baumann Cornelio ,
Enrique Boccardo ,
Caroline Brunetto de Farias ,
Lara Termini
Views137
Abstract

Objective:

This study aimed to verify the relation between gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical lesions severity.

Methods:

GRPR mRNA levels were evaluated in cervical cancer-derived cell lines and in primary keratinocytes expressing HPV16 oncogenes by RT-PCR. GRPR protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in organotypic cell cultures derived from keratinocytes transduced with HPV16 oncogenes and in 208 cervical samples, including 59 non-neoplastic tissue, 28 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), 44 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 77 adenocarcinomas (ADC). Generic primers (GP5+/GP6+) were used to identify HPV infection in tissue samples. Experiments involving cell lines were analyzed through non-parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis), and Fisher’s Exact Test for human tissues samples. All statistical tests were considered significant at p <0.05. Immunohistochemical evaluation was conducted independently and blindly by two observers (AD- LO). Any discordant findings were resolved through discussion to reach a consensus score.

Results:

GRPR mRNA levels were not increased in cells expressing HPV16 or HPV18 oncogenes. However, at the protein level, GRPR was upregulated in organotypic cell cultures containing HPV oncogenes. Besides, it was identified an association between GRPR expression and cervical lesion severity (p < 0.0001). The detection rate of high-risk HPV DNA was directly correlated with cervical disease. Nonetheless, HPV infection was not directly associated with GRPR in cervical samples.

Conclusion:

GRPR expression is highly predictive of cervical lesion severity, irrespective of HPV infection and might contribute to improving patient’s therapeutic management as well as being used a marker of disease progression.

Key-words Adenocarcinoma Carcinoma, squamous cell Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor Human papillomavirus Oncogenes Papillomavirus infections Uterine cervical dysplasia Uterine cervical neoplasms
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Review Article03-18-2025

Low-level laser therapy for nipple trauma and pain during breastfeeding: systematic review and meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo3

Views149

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Low-level laser therapy for nipple trauma and pain during breastfeeding: systematic review and meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo3
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo3
Maria Victória Candida Gaitero ,
Ticiana Aparecida Alves de Mira ,
Edna Jéssica Lima Gondim ,
Simony Lira do Nascimento ,
Fernanda Garanhani Surita
Views149
Abstract

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on nipple trauma and pain during breastfeeding through a systematic review with a meta-analysis of selected studies.

Source of the data:

A thorough search was conducted on March 22, 2022, using the databases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, CINAHL, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, Web of Science, TRIP, DARE, and ProQuest. The search terms included various combinations of low-level laser therapy, nipple pain, nipple trauma, and breastfeeding.

Studies selection:

Out of 107 articles identified, only three controlled and randomized clinical trials was included. The extracted data encompassed breast and trauma characteristics, treatment types, outcomes (pain and healing process), evaluation tools, LLLT usage, laser brand, and parameters.

Data collection:

Data extraction was performed using RAYYAN for systematic reviews. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated.

Data synthesis:

Pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The included studies did not use validated tools for assessing physical conditions. All studies employed LLLT with a 660-nm wavelength, though there were variations in equipment power, energy dose, and application methods. The meta-analysis revealed an average difference of −0.60 points (95% CI: −1.52 to 0.31) in the VAS pain scores between the LLLT and control groups. No heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2=0%), indicating no significant difference in pain relief between LLLT (red light) and control groups.

Conclusion:

LLLT may offer a promising option for managing breastfeeding-related complications, though further research is required.

Key-words Breast feeding Laser therapy Low level light therapy Low-level laser Nipple pain Nipple trauma Nipples
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Review Article03-18-2025

Clinical repercussions of statin use during pregnancy: a review of the literature
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo2

Views127

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Review Article
Clinical repercussions of statin use during pregnancy: a review of the literature
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2025;47:e-rbgo2
DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2025rbgo2
Joan Lins Serafim ,
Pedro Lucas Santos de Menezes Teles ,
Amanda Katharinne Souza Lima ,
Jéssica dos Santos Coelho ,
Paloma Luna Maranhão Conrado ,
Valda Lúcia Moreira Luna ,
Pauliana Valéria Machado Galvão ,
George Alessandro Maranhão Conrado
Views127
Abstract

Statins are the most widely used pharmacological class for treating hyperlipidemia, although they are contraindicated during pregnancy. This study aims to demonstrate the clinical effects of statins in pregnant women through an interactive review. Fifteen original articles were selected, in English or Portuguese, within of five years. Statins have not been associated with the development of fetal malformations and their use may be useful in preventing unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress and angiogenic dysfunction. However, the use of statins to prevent pre-eclampsia in humans has not been properly clarified and further studies are needed. Pravastatin is considered safer than statins for use during pregnancy.

Key-words Antihypertensive agents Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors Pravastatin Pre-eclampsia Pregnancy Pregnant woman
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Repercussões de um Programa Multidisciplinar de Preparo para o Parto e Maternidade: Ansiedade Materna e Resultados Perinatais

Método da Bromocriptina Associado ao Esquema de Hiperestimulação Ovariana Controlada em Pacientes Más Respondedoras

Chronic Placental Abruption: A Case Report

Prospective Study of The Ultrasound Features in the Diagnosis of Solid Breast Lesions

Ovarian Autotransplantation to the Greater Omentum: Experimental Model

Effect of Maternal Age on Perinatal Outcomes

Asymptomatic Amniotic Fluid Infection

Nuchal Translucency Measurement in the Screening of Chromosomal Abnormalities

Assessıng the predıctıve accuracy of blood-based bıomarkers ın neonatal outcomes for pregestatıonal dıabetes mellıtus

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Effects of domestic violence on menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

The ımpact of demographic and obstetric factors on perception of traumatic birth and breastfeeding attitudes

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant and postpartum women affected by COVID-19 who required respiratory support

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Clinical Trials registry:

Evaluation of pathological complete response rates in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Follow-up of women after gynecological cancer treatment

Key points

Comment on: Access and adequacy of antenatal care in during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

Use of calcium during pregnancy: far beyond pre-eclampsia

Short cervix and use of cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective:

Data source:

Study selection:

Data collect:

Data synthesis:

Conclusion:

Contraception in adolescents with mental disorders: adherence and satisfaction in the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

The experience of pregnancy in the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Effect of COVID-19 on Brazilian cesarean and prematurity rates: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Accurate evaluation of mode of delivery and labor progression with angle of progression: a prospective cross-sectional

Abstract

Objective:

Designs:

Participants:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor: a promising new biomarker to identify cervical precursor lesions and cancer

Abstract

Objective: