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You searched for:"Edmund Chada Baracat"
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Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2006;28(2):101-106
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006000200005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and raloxifene (Ral), alone or combined, on the rat endometrium. METHODS: fifty-six adult rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into seven groups: GCont (control); GCEE (CEE 50 µg/kg); GCEE/25 (CEE 25 µg/kg); GRal/0.75 (Ral 0.75 mg/kg); GRal/0.4 (Ral 0.4 mg/kg); GCEERal (50/0.75) - (CEE 50 µg/kg + Ral 0.75 mg/kg), and GCEE-Ral (25/0.4) - (CEE 25 µg/kg + Ral 0.4 mg/kg). The drugs were orally administered (gavage) for 21 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Fragments of uterus were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin inclusion. The histological sections were stained by HE and submitted to histomorphometric evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: thickness of superficial epithelium and number of endometrial glands/mm² and of blood vessels/mm². The data were evaluated using ANOVA followed by the Turkey-Kramer test. RESULTS: in the GCont and only Ral treatment (GRal/0.75 and GRal/0.4) the endometrium showed signals of atrophy. In the groups treated with only CEE signs of endometrial proliferation were observed, mainly in group GCEE/50. Also, there was endometrial proliferation in the groups that received combined CEE and Ral (Ral GCEE (50/0.75) and GCEE-Ral (25/0.4)), but it was more intensive in the animals treated with isolated estrogen than in those that received combined estrogen and raloxifene. CONCLUSION: raloxifene may partially block the action of estrogen on the castrated adult rat endometrium.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2006;28(2):101-106
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006000200005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and raloxifene (Ral), alone or combined, on the rat endometrium. METHODS: fifty-six adult rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into seven groups: GCont (control); GCEE (CEE 50 µg/kg); GCEE/25 (CEE 25 µg/kg); GRal/0.75 (Ral 0.75 mg/kg); GRal/0.4 (Ral 0.4 mg/kg); GCEERal (50/0.75) - (CEE 50 µg/kg + Ral 0.75 mg/kg), and GCEE-Ral (25/0.4) - (CEE 25 µg/kg + Ral 0.4 mg/kg). The drugs were orally administered (gavage) for 21 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Fragments of uterus were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin inclusion. The histological sections were stained by HE and submitted to histomorphometric evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: thickness of superficial epithelium and number of endometrial glands/mm² and of blood vessels/mm². The data were evaluated using ANOVA followed by the Turkey-Kramer test. RESULTS: in the GCont and only Ral treatment (GRal/0.75 and GRal/0.4) the endometrium showed signals of atrophy. In the groups treated with only CEE signs of endometrial proliferation were observed, mainly in group GCEE/50. Also, there was endometrial proliferation in the groups that received combined CEE and Ral (Ral GCEE (50/0.75) and GCEE-Ral (25/0.4)), but it was more intensive in the animals treated with isolated estrogen than in those that received combined estrogen and raloxifene. CONCLUSION: raloxifene may partially block the action of estrogen on the castrated adult rat endometrium.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2019;41(2):116-123
To evaluate if performing anti-incontinence procedures during surgical anterior and/or apical prolapse correction in women with asymptomatic urinary incontinence (UI) may prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) postoperatively.
We have performed a systematic review of articles published in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases until March 31, 2016. Two reviewers performed the data collection and analysis, independently. All of the selected studiesweremethodologically analyzed. The results are presented as relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
After performing the selection of the studies, only nine trials fulfilled the necessary prerequisites. In the present review, 1,146 patients were included. Altogether, the review included trials of three different types of anti-incontinence procedures. We found that performing any anti-incontinence procedure at the same time of prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.91). However, when we performed the analysis separately by the type of anti-incontinence procedure, we found different results. In the subgroup analysis with midurethral slings, it is beneficial to perform it to reduce the incidence of SUI (RR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.28). On the other hand, in the subgroup analysis with Burch colposuspension, there was no significant difference with the control group (RR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.28-7.79]).
Performing any prophylactic anti-incontinence procedure at the same time as prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively. The Burch colposuspension did not show any decrease in the incidence of SUI postoperatively.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2019;41(2):116-123
To evaluate if performing anti-incontinence procedures during surgical anterior and/or apical prolapse correction in women with asymptomatic urinary incontinence (UI) may prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) postoperatively.
We have performed a systematic review of articles published in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases until March 31, 2016. Two reviewers performed the data collection and analysis, independently. All of the selected studiesweremethodologically analyzed. The results are presented as relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
After performing the selection of the studies, only nine trials fulfilled the necessary prerequisites. In the present review, 1,146 patients were included. Altogether, the review included trials of three different types of anti-incontinence procedures. We found that performing any anti-incontinence procedure at the same time of prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.91). However, when we performed the analysis separately by the type of anti-incontinence procedure, we found different results. In the subgroup analysis with midurethral slings, it is beneficial to perform it to reduce the incidence of SUI (RR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.28). On the other hand, in the subgroup analysis with Burch colposuspension, there was no significant difference with the control group (RR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.28-7.79]).
Performing any prophylactic anti-incontinence procedure at the same time as prolapse repair reduced the incidence of SUI postoperatively. The Burch colposuspension did not show any decrease in the incidence of SUI postoperatively.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2007;29(3):117-119
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2007;29(3):117-119
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2005;27(3):118-124
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000300004
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of the association of estrogen and androgen on the quality of life and sexuality of women during climacterium. METHODS: ninety-six postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms and sexual dysfunction were included. The participants were randomly divided into three treatment groups with 32 pacients each: placebo, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) (0.625 mg per day) and CEE (0.625 mg per day) associated with methyltestosterone (2.5 mg per day). The length of the treatment period was three months. The Women Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and the Modified Sexuality Questionnaire were applied to evaluate the quality of life and sexuality before and after the treatment. Some parameters of cardiovascular risk, endometrial echo and hepatic toxicity were evaluated. ANOVA was used for data analysis followed by the Fisher test and the Shapiro-Wilk post hoc test. RESULTS: the improvement in WHQ parameters was significant in the hormonal treatment groups (CEE and CEE + methyltestosterone) compared to the placebo group. However, there were no differences in somatic symptoms among the three groups. The association of estrogen with androgen significantly improved sexual function (score (mean): 64 vs 67, p<0.05) and depressive humor (score (mean): 75 vs 80, p<0.05) compared to estrogen alone. This therapy also presented a large number of WHQ questions with a high score (p<0.05). The use of CEE associated with methyltestosterone decreased the total cholesterol (212±42 and 194±43, before and after the treatment, respectively) and HDL colesterol (56±16 and 48±14, before and after the treatment, respectively), and slightly increased the endometrial echo (4.7±2.3 and 5.5±2.3, before and after the treatment, respectively). No signifcant changes in liver enzymes during the treatment period was detected. CONCLUSIONS: estrogen associated with methyltestosterone resulted in significant improvement in the quality of life and sexuality of postmenopausal women. This effect was superior to estrogen alone and placebo. The effect of treatment with the estrogen-androgen association was evident regarding depressive humor and sexual function questions of the WHQ.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2005;27(3):118-124
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000300004
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of the association of estrogen and androgen on the quality of life and sexuality of women during climacterium. METHODS: ninety-six postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms and sexual dysfunction were included. The participants were randomly divided into three treatment groups with 32 pacients each: placebo, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) (0.625 mg per day) and CEE (0.625 mg per day) associated with methyltestosterone (2.5 mg per day). The length of the treatment period was three months. The Women Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and the Modified Sexuality Questionnaire were applied to evaluate the quality of life and sexuality before and after the treatment. Some parameters of cardiovascular risk, endometrial echo and hepatic toxicity were evaluated. ANOVA was used for data analysis followed by the Fisher test and the Shapiro-Wilk post hoc test. RESULTS: the improvement in WHQ parameters was significant in the hormonal treatment groups (CEE and CEE + methyltestosterone) compared to the placebo group. However, there were no differences in somatic symptoms among the three groups. The association of estrogen with androgen significantly improved sexual function (score (mean): 64 vs 67, p<0.05) and depressive humor (score (mean): 75 vs 80, p<0.05) compared to estrogen alone. This therapy also presented a large number of WHQ questions with a high score (p<0.05). The use of CEE associated with methyltestosterone decreased the total cholesterol (212±42 and 194±43, before and after the treatment, respectively) and HDL colesterol (56±16 and 48±14, before and after the treatment, respectively), and slightly increased the endometrial echo (4.7±2.3 and 5.5±2.3, before and after the treatment, respectively). No signifcant changes in liver enzymes during the treatment period was detected. CONCLUSIONS: estrogen associated with methyltestosterone resulted in significant improvement in the quality of life and sexuality of postmenopausal women. This effect was superior to estrogen alone and placebo. The effect of treatment with the estrogen-androgen association was evident regarding depressive humor and sexual function questions of the WHQ.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2011;33(7):119-122
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2011;33(7):119-122
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2003;25(3):185-191
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000300007
PURPOSE: to quantitatively analyze the immunoreaction of monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in the mammary epithelium adjacent to fibroadenoma of premenopausal women treated with tamoxifen, for 50 days, at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/day. METHODS: we studied, prospectively, the effects of tamoxifen administered for 50 days, at doses of 5, 10 e 20 mg/day, by the immunoreaction of the Ki-67 (clone Ki-S5) monoclonal antibody on mammary epithelium adjacent to fibroadenoma in premenopausal women. We studied 58 patients in a double-blind trial who were divided into four groups: Group A (n=13; placebo), Group B (n=16; 5 mg/day tamoxifen), Group C (n=14; 10 mg/day) and Group D (n=15; 20 mg/day). All patients received the medication from the first day on of the menstrual cycle and biopsy was performed on the last day of the treatment. Cells stained and not stained by the immunoreagent were counted by optical microscopy (400X) with a digital image capturing system and image analysis. RESULTS: the average percentage of stained nuclei was calculated for all groups: Group A was 2.0 with a standard error (SE) of 0.3. In Group B it was 0.7 (SE=0.2); in Group C it was 0.4 (SE=0,2) and in Group D it was 0.1 (SE=0). Statistical analysis showed significant reductions between the groups (p<0.001), and Tukey's pairwise comparison test confirmed that there was a significant increase in the immunoreaction of the monoclonal Ki-67 antibody in groups B, C and D. CONCLUSIONS: tamoxifen, administered at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/day for 50 days, significantly reduced the immunoreaction of monoclonal Ki-67 in the mammary epithelium of premenopausal patients and there was no significant difference between the groups that received 5, 10 and 20 mg/day tamoxifen.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2003;25(3):185-191
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000300007
PURPOSE: to quantitatively analyze the immunoreaction of monoclonal antibody Ki-67 in the mammary epithelium adjacent to fibroadenoma of premenopausal women treated with tamoxifen, for 50 days, at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/day. METHODS: we studied, prospectively, the effects of tamoxifen administered for 50 days, at doses of 5, 10 e 20 mg/day, by the immunoreaction of the Ki-67 (clone Ki-S5) monoclonal antibody on mammary epithelium adjacent to fibroadenoma in premenopausal women. We studied 58 patients in a double-blind trial who were divided into four groups: Group A (n=13; placebo), Group B (n=16; 5 mg/day tamoxifen), Group C (n=14; 10 mg/day) and Group D (n=15; 20 mg/day). All patients received the medication from the first day on of the menstrual cycle and biopsy was performed on the last day of the treatment. Cells stained and not stained by the immunoreagent were counted by optical microscopy (400X) with a digital image capturing system and image analysis. RESULTS: the average percentage of stained nuclei was calculated for all groups: Group A was 2.0 with a standard error (SE) of 0.3. In Group B it was 0.7 (SE=0.2); in Group C it was 0.4 (SE=0,2) and in Group D it was 0.1 (SE=0). Statistical analysis showed significant reductions between the groups (p<0.001), and Tukey's pairwise comparison test confirmed that there was a significant increase in the immunoreaction of the monoclonal Ki-67 antibody in groups B, C and D. CONCLUSIONS: tamoxifen, administered at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/day for 50 days, significantly reduced the immunoreaction of monoclonal Ki-67 in the mammary epithelium of premenopausal patients and there was no significant difference between the groups that received 5, 10 and 20 mg/day tamoxifen.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2001;23(3):187-190
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000300009
A vulvar fibroma, of the molluscum pendulum type, was present in a 20-year-old patient. The tumor began to develop slowly after her menarche, when she was 14 years of age. The physical examination revealed a mass with considerable volume, painless, located at the upper third of the greator left lip, elastic consistency, greater diameter at its distal portion measuring 12 cm by 23 cm in length. The treatment was exeresis from the base of the pedicle, under local anesthesia. The tumor weighed 950 g. A literature review is included.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2001;23(3):187-190
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000300009
A vulvar fibroma, of the molluscum pendulum type, was present in a 20-year-old patient. The tumor began to develop slowly after her menarche, when she was 14 years of age. The physical examination revealed a mass with considerable volume, painless, located at the upper third of the greator left lip, elastic consistency, greater diameter at its distal portion measuring 12 cm by 23 cm in length. The treatment was exeresis from the base of the pedicle, under local anesthesia. The tumor weighed 950 g. A literature review is included.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2005;27(4):204-209
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000400007
PURPOSE: to analyze the effects of isoflavones and estrogens on the morphology, morphometry and VEGF expression of the adult female rat mammary gland. METHODS: Forty-five adult female rats were oophorectomized; 28 days after surgery they were divided into 3 groups of 15 animals each: CON - control (treated with propylenoglycol); ISO - isoflavones (100 mg/kg) and CEE - conjugated equine estrogens (50 µg/Kg). Drugs or vehicle were given orally once a day for 60 days. After this, the animals were killed and the first pair of inguinal mammary glands was immediately removed; part of the material was processed for routine histological study and the remaining tissue was frozen for further analyses of the expression of VEGF mRNA by means of the RT-PCR technique. RESULTS: We observed that mammary ducts were atrophic in the control (CON) and isoflavone-treated (ISO) groups. In these groups the mammary glands were composed of a large concentration of adipose tissue with some ducts and rare alveolar structures. In the CEE group the ducts were well developed with many buds and alveolar structures. The number of mammary gland alveoli was higher in CEE than in the other groups (CON = 1.4 ± 2.1; ISO = 1.6 ± 3.8; CEE = 12.3 ± 7.1 alveoli/mm²; p<0.05%); also, the cell volume was higher (CON = 14.9 ± 4.9; ISO = 11.4 ± 6.9; CEE = 27.4 ± 9.7 µm³, p< 0.05%). The same was observed with regard to the number of blood vessels (CON = 16.4 ± 1.5; ISO = 18.4 ± 2.1; CEE = 37.1 ± 4.1 vessels/mm², p< 0.05). The expression of VEGF in the CEE group was higher than in the other groups, which did not significantly differ from each other in this respect. CONCLUSION: Our data did not show any proliferation effect in the mammary tissue of adult oophorectomized rats treated with isoflavones (100 mg/kg) during 60 days.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2005;27(4):204-209
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000400007
PURPOSE: to analyze the effects of isoflavones and estrogens on the morphology, morphometry and VEGF expression of the adult female rat mammary gland. METHODS: Forty-five adult female rats were oophorectomized; 28 days after surgery they were divided into 3 groups of 15 animals each: CON - control (treated with propylenoglycol); ISO - isoflavones (100 mg/kg) and CEE - conjugated equine estrogens (50 µg/Kg). Drugs or vehicle were given orally once a day for 60 days. After this, the animals were killed and the first pair of inguinal mammary glands was immediately removed; part of the material was processed for routine histological study and the remaining tissue was frozen for further analyses of the expression of VEGF mRNA by means of the RT-PCR technique. RESULTS: We observed that mammary ducts were atrophic in the control (CON) and isoflavone-treated (ISO) groups. In these groups the mammary glands were composed of a large concentration of adipose tissue with some ducts and rare alveolar structures. In the CEE group the ducts were well developed with many buds and alveolar structures. The number of mammary gland alveoli was higher in CEE than in the other groups (CON = 1.4 ± 2.1; ISO = 1.6 ± 3.8; CEE = 12.3 ± 7.1 alveoli/mm²; p<0.05%); also, the cell volume was higher (CON = 14.9 ± 4.9; ISO = 11.4 ± 6.9; CEE = 27.4 ± 9.7 µm³, p< 0.05%). The same was observed with regard to the number of blood vessels (CON = 16.4 ± 1.5; ISO = 18.4 ± 2.1; CEE = 37.1 ± 4.1 vessels/mm², p< 0.05). The expression of VEGF in the CEE group was higher than in the other groups, which did not significantly differ from each other in this respect. CONCLUSION: Our data did not show any proliferation effect in the mammary tissue of adult oophorectomized rats treated with isoflavones (100 mg/kg) during 60 days.
