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Editorial
Ética em pesquisa
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(9):494-494
04-09-1998
Views45This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
EditorialÉtica em pesquisa
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(9):494-494
04-09-1998This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Resumos de Teses
Estudo Controlado e Randomizado para Prevenção de Infecção Pós-Cesárea com Penicilina e Cefalotina
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):424-424
04-09-1998
Views40This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Resumos de TesesEstudo Controlado e Randomizado para Prevenção de Infecção Pós-Cesárea com Penicilina e Cefalotina
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):424-424
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700011
Views40Estudo Controlado e Randomizado para Prevenção de Infecção Pós-Cesárea com Penicilina e Cefalotina […]See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Resumos de Teses
Estudo Morfológico e Morfométrico do Endométrio de Mulheres na Pós-Menopausa Durante Terapêutica Estrogênica Contínua, Associada ao Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona a Cada Dois, Três e Quatro Meses
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):423-423
04-09-1998
Views35This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Resumos de TesesEstudo Morfológico e Morfométrico do Endométrio de Mulheres na Pós-Menopausa Durante Terapêutica Estrogênica Contínua, Associada ao Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona a Cada Dois, Três e Quatro Meses
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):423-423
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700009
Views35Estudo Morfológico e Morfométrico do Endométrio de Mulheres na Pós-Menopausa Durante Terapêutica Estrogênica Contínua, Associada ao Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona a Cada Dois, Três e Quatro Meses[…]See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Resumos de Teses
Sangramento e Endometrite em Pacientes Portadoras de DIU Pós-Placentário na Maternidade de Encruzilhada – Recife (PE)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):423-424
04-09-1998
Views39This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Resumos de TesesSangramento e Endometrite em Pacientes Portadoras de DIU Pós-Placentário na Maternidade de Encruzilhada – Recife (PE)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):423-424
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700010
Views39Sangramento e Endometrite em Pacientes Portadoras de DIU Pós-Placentário na Maternidade de Encruzilhada Recife (PE) […]See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Relato de Caso
Complete Mole in Twin Pregnancy: a Case Report
- Izildinha Maestá,
- Iracema M.P. Calderon,
- Marilza V.C. Rudge,
- Magaly M. Sales,
- Fabiano P. Saggioro, [ … ],
- José Carlos Peraçoli
04-09-1998
Views72This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Relato de CasoComplete Mole in Twin Pregnancy: a Case Report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):415-419
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700008
- Izildinha Maestá,
- Iracema M.P. Calderon,
- Marilza V.C. Rudge,
- Magaly M. Sales,
- Fabiano P. Saggioro,
- José Carlos Peraçoli
Views72Twin pregnancy in which a normal fetus and a complete mole develop at the same time is a rare event. Clinical complications and malignancy are frequent in this type of disease.This report is about a case of a late diagnosis due to the presence of the fetus. The diagnosis was made when the pregnancy was interrupted and then confirmed by histopathological study and flow cytometry. The pregnancy was terminated transpelvically due to massive uterine hemorrhage. The post-molar follow-up showed the persistence of high levels of bhCG. The patient’s complete recovery was achieved after the administration of methotrexate. The diagnosis, natural history, and procedures for this rare disease are discussed in view of this case.
Key-words ChemotherapyComplete hydatidiform moleGestational trophoblastic diseaseHemorrhagePregnancy complicationsTwin pregnancyUltrasonographySee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Relato de Caso
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Endocervix in a 7-year-old Child
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):411-414
04-09-1998
Views86This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Relato de CasoClear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Endocervix in a 7-year-old Child
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):411-414
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700007
Views86See moreClear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix is a rare disease associated commonly with the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy. The most commom complaint is irregular vaginal bleeding, which could be confused with vaginitis in children and abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in adolescents. We report a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endocervix in a 7-year-old child who was attended at the Children and Adolescent Gynecology Sector, and we call attention to the diagnosis of genital cancer which, in spite of its rarity at this age, must be considered in children with genital bleeding.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Equipamentos e Métodos
Endometrial Resection by Video-Hysteroscopy: experience in a Teaching Hospital
- Caio Parente Barbosa,
- Marcelo Ettruri Santos,
- Ana Cristina Napolitano,
- Paula Harue Tamanaka,
- Emerson Barchi Cordts
04-09-1998
Views78This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Equipamentos e MétodosEndometrial Resection by Video-Hysteroscopy: experience in a Teaching Hospital
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):405-410
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700006
- Caio Parente Barbosa,
- Marcelo Ettruri Santos,
- Ana Cristina Napolitano,
- Paula Harue Tamanaka,
- Emerson Barchi Cordts
Views78See moreObjective: to demonstrate the effectiveness of video-hysteroscopic endometrial resection in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients and method: The authors studied 60 records of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who did not respond to clinical treatment. Results: eighty-eight percent of the patients had adequate response to the treatment (53% oligomenorrhea and 35% amenorrhea). The complication rate was 8.3% (5 uterine perforations). Conclusion: video-hysteroscopic endometrial resection is an effective technique to treat abnormal uterine bleeding which failed to respond to clinical management. The intra and postoperative complication rates are low.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Maternal Mortality in São Paulo City in 1996
- Luis Carlos Pazero,
- Paulo Afonso Ferrigno Marcus,
- Carlos Eduardo Pereira Vega,
- Krikor Boyaciyan,
- Sônia Antonini Barbosa
04-09-1998
Views103PlumX Metrics- Citations
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisMaternal Mortality in São Paulo City in 1996
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(7):395-403
04-09-1998DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000700005
- Luis Carlos Pazero,
- Paulo Afonso Ferrigno Marcus,
- Carlos Eduardo Pereira Vega,
- Krikor Boyaciyan,
- Sônia Antonini Barbosa
Views103Purpose: to establish a list of diseases promoting maternal death according to frequency. Methods: In 1996, 65,406 deaths were recorded in the City of São Paulo, 26,778 of which were of women. Of these, 4591 were within the 10-49 year age bracket. We analyzed the latter group, regarding at the field “Cause of Death” in the Death Certificate, trying to establish some correlation between the described pathology, and the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. We separated for a further study 293 Death Certificates, from which we selected, after hospital survey and/or home visits, a total of 119 positive cases for maternal death. The positive cases for maternal death were then tabulated, grouped and analyzed according to age and pathology, using the great medical care groups. Results: as regards the 119 positive cases for maternal death, we did not find any reference to the pregnancy-puerperium state in 53 of them (that is, 40.54% subnotifying). The cases were grouped according to pathology, where we found a predominance of eclampsia/pre-eclampsia cases (18.02%), followed by cases resulting from hemorrhagic complications in the third quarter and puerperium (12.61%), abortion complications (12.61%), puerperal infection (9.91%) and cardiopathies (9.91%). Conclusions: for the first time, we are publishing the Late Maternal Mortality Coefficient for the City of São Paulo, which was 51.33/100,000 born alive. However, we used for the official publication the Maternal Mortality Coefficient for death within up to 42 days of puerperium, which was, 48.03/100,000 born alive for the city of São Paulo. We should bear in mind that no correction factor should be applied to these figures since we have made an active search of cases.
Key-words Cardiopathy in pregnancyEclampsiaHemorrhagic complications in pregnancyMaternal mortalityMaternal mortality coefficientPregnancy complicationsSee morePlumX Metrics- Citations
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Review Article
Interventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
- Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
,
- Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos
,
- Mayara Alvares Cabral
,
- Vanessa Oliveira Silva
,
- Gislaine Cristina Vagetti
07-30-2021
Views347PlumX Metrics- Citations
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleInterventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(5):403-413
07-30-2021- Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
,
- Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos
,
- Mayara Alvares Cabral
,
- Vanessa Oliveira Silva
,
- Gislaine Cristina Vagetti
Views347See moreAbstract
Objective
To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits ofmusic therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.
Data Sources
The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices.
Study Selection
Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review.
Data Collectio
n The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of thestudy.
Summary of the Data
In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period.
Conclusion
Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.
PlumX Metrics- Citations
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
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Review Article
The Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review
- Laura Gazal Passos
,
- Paula Terraciano
,
- Nicole Wolf
,
- Fernanda dos Santos de Oliveira
,
- Isabel de Almeida
,
[ … ], - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
08-15-2022
Views344This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleThe Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(6):614-620
08-15-2022- Laura Gazal Passos
,
- Paula Terraciano
,
- Nicole Wolf
,
- Fernanda dos Santos de Oliveira
,
- Isabel de Almeida
,
- Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
Views344Abstract
The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection on female’s fertility is not completely established yet, since the level of evidence associating these factors is still weak. Hence, the goal of the present review is to contribute to a better elucidation of this matter. The electronic database chosen was the Medline/PubMed, with the last survey on May 11, 2021. Publication date was used as a filter, with the previous 5 years having been selected. The following describers were used: chlamydia trachomatis AND infertility; chlamydia trachomatis AND tubal alteration AND infertility; chlamydia AND low pregnancy rates. From the 322 studies screened, 293 that failed to meet our eligibility criteria were excluded. Subsequently, we removed seven studies for not having the possible correlation between CT infections and female infertility as its main focus, and three for being about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in general. Moreover, two studies designed as reviews were also excluded. Ergo, we included 17 studies in our qualitative analysis. The authors conducted research individually and analyzed carefully the studies selected. As we retrieved the information needed for our study through reading the texts, no contact was made with the authors of the studies selected. This systematic review corroborates the hypothesis that CT infection potentiates female infertility, as 76.47% of the included studies found a positive correlation between them. We conclude that there is an important association between CT infection and female infertility. Ergo, making CT screening part of the infertility investigation routine is relevant and has a reasonable justification.
Key-words Chlamydia trachomatishuman reproductionInfertilitySexually transmitted diseasestubal factor infertilitySee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Laura Gazal Passos
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Review Article
Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Misoprostol in the Treatment of Incomplete Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Thiago Menezes da Silva
,
- Moema Alves Guerra de Araujo
,
- Ana Carolina Zimmermann Simões
,
- Ronnier de Oliveira
,
- Kleyton Santos de Medeiros
,
[ … ], - Ana Katherine Gonçalves
01-11-2023
Views342This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleEfficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Misoprostol in the Treatment of Incomplete Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(12):808-817
01-11-2023- Thiago Menezes da Silva
,
- Moema Alves Guerra de Araujo
,
- Ana Carolina Zimmermann Simões
,
- Ronnier de Oliveira
,
- Kleyton Santos de Medeiros
,
- Ayane Cristine Sarmento
,
- Robinson Dias de Medeiros
,
- Ana Paula Ferreira Costa
,
- Ana Katherine Gonçalves
Views342See moreAbstract
Objective
To assess the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of misoprostol in the treatment of incomplete miscarriage.
Data sources
The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases (clinicaltrials.gov) were searched for the relevant articles, and search strategies were developed using a combination of thematic Medical Subject Headings terms and text words. The last search was conducted on July 4, 2022. No language restrictions were applied.
Selection of studies
Randomized clinical trials with patients of gestational age up to 6/7 weeks with a diagnosis of incomplete abortion and who were managed with at least 1 of the 3 types of treatment studied were included. A total of 8,087 studies were screened.
Data collection
Data were synthesized using the statistical package Review Manager V.5.1 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom). For dichotomous outcomes, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived for each study. Heterogeneity between the trial results was evaluated using the standard test, I2 statistic.
Data synthesis
When comparing misoprostol with medical vacuum aspiration (MVA), the rate of complete abortion was higher in the MVA group (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = 0.07–0.36). Hemorrhage or heavy bleeding was more common in the misoprostol group (OR = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.96–4.59), but pain after treatment was more common in patients treated with MVA (OR = 0.65; 95%CI = 0.52–0.80). No statistically significant differences were observed in the general acceptability of the treatments.
Conclusion
Misoprostol has been determined as a safe option with good acceptance by patients.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Thiago Menezes da Silva
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Review Article
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®): a success history and particularities of its use in Brazil
- Vanessa Merjane
,
- Douglas Marcel Puricelli Perin
,
- Patrícia Martins Gomes El Bacha
,
- Beatriz Medicis Maranhão Miranda
,
- Almir Galvão Vieira Bitencourt
,
[ … ], - Wagner Iared
03-14-2024
Views343This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleBreast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®): a success history and particularities of its use in Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo6
03-14-2024- Vanessa Merjane
,
- Douglas Marcel Puricelli Perin
,
- Patrícia Martins Gomes El Bacha
,
- Beatriz Medicis Maranhão Miranda
,
- Almir Galvão Vieira Bitencourt
,
- Wagner Iared
Views343See moreAbstract
BI-RADS® is a standardization system for breast imaging reports and results created by the American College of Radiology to initially address the lack of uniformity in mammography reporting. The system consists of a lexicon of descriptors, a reporting structure with final categories and recommended management, and a structure for data collection and auditing. It is accepted worldwide by all specialties involved in the care of breast diseases. Its implementation is related to the Mammography Quality Standards Act initiative in the United States (1992) and breast cancer screening. After its initial creation in 1993, four additional editions were published in 1995, 1998, 2003 and 2013. It is adopted in several countries around the world and has been translated into 6 languages. Successful breast cancer screening programs in high-income countries can be attributed in part to the widespread use of BI-RADS®. This success led to the development of similar classification systems for other organs (e.g., lung, liver, thyroid, ovaries, colon). In 1998, the structured report model was adopted in Brazil. This article highlights the pioneering and successful role of BI-RADS®, created by ACR 30 years ago, on the eve of publishing its sixth edition, which has evolved into a comprehensive quality assurance tool for multiple imaging modalities. And, especially, it contextualizes the importance of recognizing how we are using BI-RADS® in Brazil, from its implementation to the present day, with a focus on breast cancer screening.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Vanessa Merjane
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Review Article
Oral Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: Current Recommendations and Evidence-Based Medicine Suplementação oral de ferro na gravidez: recomendações atuais e medicina baseada na evidência
- Ana Filipa Moreira Duarte
,
- Ana Catarina Simões Viana Carneiro
,
- Ana Teresa Barbosa Maciel Meira Peixoto
,
- Daniela Filipa Pereira Montenegro
,
- Débora Sofia Carvalho Campos
,
[ … ], - Andreia Patrícia Machado Fino
12-17-2021
Views330This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleOral Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: Current Recommendations and Evidence-Based Medicine Suplementação oral de ferro na gravidez: recomendações atuais e medicina baseada na evidência
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(10):782-788
12-17-2021- Ana Filipa Moreira Duarte
,
- Ana Catarina Simões Viana Carneiro
,
- Ana Teresa Barbosa Maciel Meira Peixoto
,
- Daniela Filipa Pereira Montenegro
,
- Débora Sofia Carvalho Campos
,
- Ana Patrícia Ribeiro Alves
,
- Ana Rita Mota Magalhães Costa
,
- Andreia Patrícia Machado Fino
Views330See moreAbstract
Objective
To review the evidence about universal iron supplementation in pregnancy to prevent maternal anemia.
Methods
Bibliographic research of randomized and controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines, published between August 2009 and August 2019, using the MeSH terms: iron; therapeutic use; pregnancy; anemia, prevention and control.
Results
We included six clinical guidelines, three meta-analyses and one randomized controlled clinical trial.
Discussion
Most articles point to the improvement of hematological parameters and reduction of maternal anemia risk, with supplementary iron. However, they do not correlate this improvement in pregnant women without previous anemia with the eventual improvement of clinical parameters.
Conclusion
Universal iron supplementation in pregnancy is controversial, so we attribute a SORT C recommendation strength.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ana Filipa Moreira Duarte
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Review Article
Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1141-1158
03-24-2022
Views328This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleCommercial Surrogacy: An Overview
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1141-1158
03-24-2022Views328See moreAbstract
Objective
Surrogacy is the process in which a woman carries and delivers a baby to other person or couple, known as intended parents. When carriers are paid for surrogacy, this is known as commercial surrogacy. The objective of the present work is to review the legal, ethical, social, and cultural aspects of commercial surrogacy, as well as the current panorama worldwide.
Methods
This is a review of the literature published in the 21st century on commercial surrogacy.
Results
A total of 248 articles were included as the core of the present review. The demand for surrogate treatments by women without uterus or with important uterine disorders, single men and same-sex male couples is constantly increasing worldwide. This reproductive treatment has important ethical dilemmas. In addition, legislation defers widely worldwide and is in constant change. Therefore, patients look more and more for treatments abroad, which can lead to important legal problems between countries with different laws. Commercial surrogacy is practiced in several countries, in most of which there is no specific legislation. Some countries have taken restrictive measures against this technique because of reports of exploitation of carriers.
Conclusion
Commercial surrogacy is a common practice, despite important ethical and legal dilemmas. As a consequence of diverse national legislations, patients frequently resort to international commercial surrogacy programs. As of today, there is no standard international legal context, and this practice remains largely unregulated.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Misoprostol use in obstetrics: Number 6 – June 2023
- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura
,
- Marcos Nakamura-Pereira
,
- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura
,
- Maria de Lourdes Brizot
,
- Alberto Trapani Júnior
,
[ … ], - Antonio Braga
08-04-2023
Views323This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENTMisoprostol use in obstetrics: Number 6 – June 2023
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(6):356-367
08-04-2023- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura
,
- Marcos Nakamura-Pereira
,
- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura
,
- Maria de Lourdes Brizot
,
- Alberto Trapani Júnior
,
- Helena Borges Martins da Silva Paro
,
- Cristião Fernando Rosas
,
- Robinson Dias de Medeiros
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Adriana Gomes Luz
,
- Rosiane Mattar
,
- Elton Carlos Ferreira
,
- Álvaro Luiz Lage Alves
,
- Eduardo Cordioli
,
- Lia Cruz Vaz da Costa Damásio
,
- Maria Celeste Osório Wender
,
- Antonio Braga
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura
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Original Article
Nodular image in the appendix observed on ultrasound: endometriosis or neuroendocrine neoplasia?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo1
03-14-2024
Views321This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleNodular image in the appendix observed on ultrasound: endometriosis or neuroendocrine neoplasia?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo1
03-14-2024Views321See moreAbstract
Objective:
To evaluate the association between clinical and imaging with surgical and pathological findings in patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumor of appendix and/or appendix endometriosis.
Methods:
Retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Teaching and Research Institute of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, in which medical records and databases of patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumor of appendix and/or endometriosis of appendix were analyzed by imaging.
Results:
Twenty-eight patients were included, all of which had some type of appendix alteration on the ultrasound examination. The pathological outcome of the appendix found 25 (89.3%) lesions compatible with endometriosis and three (10.7%) neuroendocrine tumors. The clinical findings of imaging and surgery were compared with the result of pathological anatomy by means of relative frequency.
Conclusion:
It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of appendix endometriosis when the patient presented more intense pain symptoms. The image observed on ultrasound obtained a high positive predictive value for appendicular endometriosis.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Original Article
School-based HPV Vaccination: The Challenges in a Brazilian Initiative
- Julio Cesar Teixeira
,
- Mariana Silva Castro Vianna
,
- Diama Bhadra Vale
,
- Daniella Moretti Arbore
,
- Thais Helena Wilmers Perini
,
[ … ], - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
01-24-2021
Views239This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleSchool-based HPV Vaccination: The Challenges in a Brazilian Initiative
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(12):926-931
01-24-2021- Julio Cesar Teixeira
,
- Mariana Silva Castro Vianna
,
- Diama Bhadra Vale
,
- Daniella Moretti Arbore
,
- Thais Helena Wilmers Perini
,
- Tulio Jose Tomass Couto
,
- Jose Pedroso Neto
,
- Luiz Carlos Zeferino
Views239See moreAbstract
Objective
The present study assesses the implementation and the impact after 2 years of a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in a Brazilian city.
Methods
A prospective study assessing the implementation of the program, offering quadrivalent HPV vaccine in two annual doses to girls and boys aged from 9 to 10 years old. The program was started in the city of Indaiatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2018, and had authorization from the National Immunization Program. The number of HPV vaccine first doses applied and the coverage in 2018 was calculated and compared to the year 2017. There were described events that have influenced the results.
Results
The program invited 4,878 children through schools (87.1% of the target population), and 7.5% refused vaccination. Several concurrent events required or competed for health professionals of the vaccination teams. The coverage of the first dose (between 9 and 10 years old) was 16.1% in 2017 and increased to 50.5% in 2018 (p < 0.0001). The first dose in all ages increased 78% in 2018 compared with 2017 (6,636/3,733). Competing demands over the program continued in 2019, and the first dose coverage dropped (26.9%). For 2020, a municipal law instituted school-based vaccination and the creation of dedicated teams for vaccination, and these strategies are waiting to be tested.
Conclusion
School-based annual HPV vaccination in children between 9 and 10 years old was feasible and increased vaccination coverage, regardless of gender, although the program was vulnerable to competing events.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Julio Cesar Teixeira
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Case Report
Lipschütz Ulcer: An Unusual Diagnosis that Should Not be Neglected
- Daniela Alexandra Gonçalves Pereira
,
- Eliana Patrícia Pereira Teixeira
,
- Ana Cláudia Martins Lopes
,
- Ricardo José Pina Sarmento
,
- Ana Paula Calado Lopes
07-30-2021
Views200PlumX Metrics- Citations
- Citation Indexes: 13
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Case ReportLipschütz Ulcer: An Unusual Diagnosis that Should Not be Neglected
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(5):414-416
07-30-2021- Daniela Alexandra Gonçalves Pereira
,
- Eliana Patrícia Pereira Teixeira
,
- Ana Cláudia Martins Lopes
,
- Ricardo José Pina Sarmento
,
- Ana Paula Calado Lopes
Views200See moreAbstract
The diagnosis of genital ulcers remains a challenge in clinical practice. Lipschütz ulcer is a non-sexually transmitted rare and, probably, underdiagnosed condition, characterized by the sudden onset of vulvar edema along with painful necrotic ulcerations. Despite its unknown incidence, this seems to be an uncommon entity, with sparse cases reported in the literature. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented at the emergency department with vulvar ulcers. She denied any sexual intercourse. The investigation excluded sexually transmitted infections, so, knowledge of different etiologies of non-venereal ulcers became essential. The differential diagnoses are extensive and include inflammatory processes, drug reactions, trauma, and malignant tumors. Lipschütz ulcer is a diagnosis of exclusion. With the presentation of this case report, the authors aim to describe the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of this rare disease, to allow differential diagnosis of genital ulceration.
PlumX Metrics- Citations
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Daniela Alexandra Gonçalves Pereira
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Original Article
Maternal Deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil: Increase during the Second Wave of the Pandemic
- Carlos André Scheler
,
- Michelle Garcia Discacciati
,
- Diama Bhadra Vale
,
- Giuliane Jesus Lajos
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
[ … ], - Julio Cesar Teixeira
06-01-2022
Views192This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleMaternal Deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil: Increase during the Second Wave of the Pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(6):567-572
06-01-2022- Carlos André Scheler
,
- Michelle Garcia Discacciati
,
- Diama Bhadra Vale
,
- Giuliane Jesus Lajos
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Julio Cesar Teixeira
Views192Abstract
Objective
To compare death rates by COVID-19 between pregnant or postpartum and nonpregnant women during the first and second waves of the Brazilian pandemic.
Methods
In the present population-based evaluation data from the Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe, in the Portuguese acronym), we included women with c (ARDS) by COVID-19: 47,768 in 2020 (4,853 obstetric versus 42,915 nonobstetric) and 66,689 in 2021 (5,208 obstetric versus 61,481 nonobstetric) and estimated the frequency of in-hospital death.
Results
We identified 377 maternal deaths in 2020 (first wave) and 804 in 2021 (second wave). The death rate increased 2.0-fold for the obstetric (7.7 to 15.4%) and 1.6-fold for the nonobstetric groups (13.9 to 22.9%) from 2020 to 2021 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.58 in 2020 and OR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.56– 0.66 in 2021; p < 0.05). In women with comorbidities, the death rate increased 1.7-fold (13.3 to 23.3%) and 1.4-fold (22.8 to 31.4%) in the obstetric and nonobstetric groups, respectively (OR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.44–0.61 in 2020 to OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.59–0.73 in 2021; p <0.05). In women without comorbidities, the mortality rate was higher for nonobstetric (2.4 times; 6.6 to 15.7%) than for obstetric women (1.8 times; 5.5 to 10.1%; OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69–0.95 in 2020 and OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.58–0.68 in 2021; p <0.05).
Conclusion
There was an increase in maternal deaths from COVID-19 in 2021 compared with 2020, especially in patients with comorbidities. Death rates were even higher in nonpregnant women, with or without comorbidities.
Key-words acute respiratory distress syndromecase-fatalitycoronavirusCOVID-19Maternal deathMaternal mortalitymortality ratePregnancySARS-CoV-2See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Carlos André Scheler
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Review
Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review
- Larissa Bueno Ferreira
,
- Cecília Viana Lobo
,
- Aline Elizabeth da Silva Miranda
,
- Brenda da Cunha Carvalho
,
- Luana Caroline dos Santos
04-28-2022
Views224This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
ReviewDietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(5):540-547
04-28-2022- Larissa Bueno Ferreira
,
- Cecília Viana Lobo
,
- Aline Elizabeth da Silva Miranda
,
- Brenda da Cunha Carvalho
,
- Luana Caroline dos Santos
Views224See moreAbstract
The present systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) hypothesizes the association of excessive weight gain during pregnancywith dietary patterns composed of ultraprocessed foods. Thus, the objective was to investigate the association between dietary patterns after analysis and weight gain during pregnancy. The search for articles was performed in nine databases. Two reviewers selected the articles in the databases and extracted from them the data used in the review. Two scales were used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies: New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for cohort-based studies and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional-based studies. In total, 11 studies were identified with sample size variation (n=173-5,733). Women presenting more adherence to healthy and traditional patterns (fruits, vegetables, salads, nuts, and dairy) recorded less excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Higher intake ofmixed patterns and western patterns rich in ultraprocessed foods were associated with a higher prevalence of excessive GWG (24.48- 55.20%). Gestational dietary patterns a posteriori-derived that have presented ultraprocessed components rich in fat and sugars presented association with high GWG; healthy and traditional dietary patterns were related to better mother-child health conditions, such as adequate GWG.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Larissa Bueno Ferreira
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Original Article
Risk Factors for Intrapartum Cesarean Section Delivery in Low-risk Multiparous Women Following at Least a Prior Vaginal Birth (Robson Classification 3 and 4)
- Gul Nihal Buyuk
,
- Hatice Kansu-Celik
,
- Zeynep Asli Oskovi Kaplan
,
- Burcu Kisa
,
- Sule Ozel
,
[ … ], - Yaprak Engin-Ustun
07-27-2021
Views142This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleRisk Factors for Intrapartum Cesarean Section Delivery in Low-risk Multiparous Women Following at Least a Prior Vaginal Birth (Robson Classification 3 and 4)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(6):436-441
07-27-2021- Gul Nihal Buyuk
,
- Hatice Kansu-Celik
,
- Zeynep Asli Oskovi Kaplan
,
- Burcu Kisa
,
- Sule Ozel
,
- Yaprak Engin-Ustun
Views142Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors for cesarean section (C-section) in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth.
Methods
The present retrospective study included low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth who gave birth at between 37 and 42 gestational weeks. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of delivery, as C-section Group and vaginal delivery Group. Risk factors for C-section such as demographic characteristics, ultrasonographic measurements, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy (WGDP), interval time between prior birth, history of macrosomic birth, and cervical dilatation at the admission to the hospital were obtained fromthe charts of the patients. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups.
Results
The most common C-section indications were fetal distress and macrosomia (33.9% [n=77 and 20.7% [n=47] respectively). A bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated that mothers aged>30 years old (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-3.34; p=0.002), parity >1 (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.18-2.71; p=0.006), fetal abdominal circumference (FAC) measurement>360mm (OR: 34.20; 95%CI: 8.04 -145.56; p<0.001)) and<345mm (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.88-5; p<0.001), presence of large for gestational age (LGA) fetus (OR: 5.09; 95%CI: 1.35-19.21; p=0.016), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1-2.33; p=0.041), and cervical dilatation<5cm at admission (OR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.34-3.34; p=0.001) were associated with the group requiring a C-section.
Conclusion
This is the first study evaluating the risk factors for C-section in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth according to the Robson classification 3 and 4. Fetal distress and suspected fetal macrosomia constituted most of the Csection indications.
Key-words cervical dilatationCesarean sectionfetal abdominal circumferenceRisk factorsVaginal deliverySee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Gul Nihal Buyuk
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Original Article
Adverse Events Related to COVID-19 Vaccines Reported in Pregnant Women in Brazil
- Carla Dinamerica Kobayashi
,
- Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto
,
- Martha Elizabeth Brasil da Nóbrega
,
- Cibelle Mendes Cabral
,
- Tiago Dahrug Barros
,
[ … ], - Cecília Maria Roteli Martins
09-06-2022
Views193This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleAdverse Events Related to COVID-19 Vaccines Reported in Pregnant Women in Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(9):821-829
09-06-2022- Carla Dinamerica Kobayashi
,
- Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto
,
- Martha Elizabeth Brasil da Nóbrega
,
- Cibelle Mendes Cabral
,
- Tiago Dahrug Barros
,
- Cecília Maria Roteli Martins
Views193See moreAbstract
Regulations for the vaccination of pregnant women in Brazil occurred in March 2021. Despite the absence of robust data in the literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations in pregnant women, it is understood that the benefit-risk ratio tends to be favorable when considering the pandemic and the high burden of the disease. However, it is still important to monitor for Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization (ESAVI) and to draw safety profiles of the different platforms used in pregnant and postpartum women. The present study aims to describe the main characteristics of ESAVIs related to COVID-19 vaccines occurring in pregnant women in the first months of the vaccination campaign in Brazil. During the evaluation period, 1,674 notifications of ESAVIs in pregnant women were recorded, and 582 notifications were included for the analysis. Of the 582 ESAVIs identified, 481 (82%) were classified as non-serious adverse events and 101 (17%) as serious adverse events. Ten deaths were identified, including one death which was considered to be causally related to the vaccine. The other nine maternal deaths had causality C, that is, without causal relationship with the vaccine, and most were due to complications inherent to pregnancy, such as pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder (PSHD) in 4 cases and 3 due to COVID-19. Despite some limitations in our study, we believe it brings new insights into COVID-19 vaccines in this group and will add to the available evidence.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Carla Dinamerica Kobayashi
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Original Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Sexual Function: Are Pregnant Women Affected More Adversely?
- Ramazan Denizli
,
- Önder Sakin
,
- Kazibe Koyuncu
,
- Nayif Çiçekli
,
- Nihat Farisoğulları
,
[ … ], - Mikail Özdemir
12-17-2021
Views165This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleThe Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Sexual Function: Are Pregnant Women Affected More Adversely?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(10):765-774
12-17-2021- Ramazan Denizli
,
- Önder Sakin
,
- Kazibe Koyuncu
,
- Nayif Çiçekli
,
- Nihat Farisoğulları
,
- Mikail Özdemir
Views165See moreAbstract
Objective
To investigate depression and sexual function among pregnant and nonpregnant women throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 188 women, 96 pregnant and 92 non-pregnant were included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants after obtaining sociodemographic data.
Results
The depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar (p = 0.846). We found that the depression scores were significantly higher among the group of participants who have lower economic status (p = 0.046). Moreover, the depression score was significantly higher among women who lost their income during the pandemic (p = 0.027). The score on the ASEX was significantly higher, and sexual dysfunction was more prevalent among women who have lower levels of schooling and income (p < 0.05). Likewise, the ASEX scores were significantly higher (p = 0.019) among the group who experienced greater income loss throughout the pandemic. Upon comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, we detected that sexual dysfunction had a significantly higher rate among pregnant women (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
In times of global crisis, such as the current pandemic, low-income families have an increased risk of experiencing depression and sexual dysfunction. When we compared pregnant women with non-pregnant women, depression scores were similar, but pregnant women were at a 6.2 times higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ramazan Denizli
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Original Article
Exercise and Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors Among High-Risk Pregnant Women
- Larissa Antunes Miranda
,
- Anna Caroline Ribeiro de Moura
,
- Karina Tamy Kasawara
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Mayle Andrade Moreira
,
[ … ], - Simony Lira do Nascimento
03-11-2022
Views232This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleExercise and Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors Among High-Risk Pregnant Women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(4):360-368
03-11-2022- Larissa Antunes Miranda
,
- Anna Caroline Ribeiro de Moura
,
- Karina Tamy Kasawara
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Mayle Andrade Moreira
,
- Simony Lira do Nascimento
Views232See moreAbstract
Objective
To assess the levels of physical activity and exercise practice, and examine the associated maternal characteristics; as well as the anxiety levels of high-risk pregnant women.
Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women at a High-risk Prenatal Clinic (HRPC) in a tertiary maternity. Pregnant women of 18 to 40-years-old, with a single fetus, and with gestational age up to 38 weeks were included. The level of physical activity and exercise practice of the study’s participants were investigated using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric, and medical data were investigated using a specific form. For anxiety levels, the short version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied. We used the Student t-test, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and multiple logistic regression. The significance level was 5%.
Results
Among the 109 pregnant women included, 82 (75.2%) were classified as sedentary/little active. The higher energy expenditure were for domestic activities (133.81±81.84 METs), followed by work-related activities (40.77±84.71 METs). Only 19.3% women exercised during pregnancy (4.76±12.47 METs), with slow walking being the most reported exercise. A higher level of education was the most important factor associated with women being moderately or vigorously active (OR=29.8; 95% CI 4.9-117.8). Nulliparity (OR=3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.1), low levels of anxiety (OR=3.6; 95% CI 1.2-10.7), and unemployment (OR=4.8; 95% CI 1.1-19.6) were associated with the practice of exercise during pregnancy.
Conclusion
Most women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited a sedentary pattern, with low prevalence of physical exercise practice. Recognizing factors that hinder the adoption of a more physically active lifestyle is essential for an individualized guidance regarding exercise during pregnancy.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Larissa Antunes Miranda
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