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Original Article
Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Maria Elisa Franciscatto
,
- Juliana Bosso Taniguchi
,
- Raquel Wohlenberg
,
- Isadora Luísa Riedi
,
- Karen Oppermann
12-04-2024
Views230This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticlePrevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo81
12-04-2024- Maria Elisa Franciscatto
,
- Juliana Bosso Taniguchi
,
- Raquel Wohlenberg
,
- Isadora Luísa Riedi
,
- Karen Oppermann
Views230Abstract
Objective:
To verify the prevalence and factors associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 patients with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS followed the Rotterdam criteria. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made through US showing hepatic steatosis, excluding significant alcohol consumption and chronic liver disease. The following variables were compared between the groups of women with and without NAFLD: age, race, anthropometric data, blood pressure levels, liver enzymes, glycemic and lipid profiles, total testosterone, presence of hirsutism, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Variables were compared between the groups using T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.
Results:
Among 53 patients with PCOS, 50.9% had NAFLD. The NAFLD group had higher weight (p=0.003), BMI (p=0.001), waist circumference (p≤0.001), fasting glucose (p=0.021), HbA1C% (p=0.028), triglycerides (p=0.023), AST (p=0.004), ALT (p=0.001), higher prevalence of MS (p=0.004), and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p=0.043). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Both groups were predominantly of caucasian race, and there was no significant difference in age.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of NAFLD among patients with PCOS was 50.9%. Metabolic and hepatic enzyme abnormalities were more prevalent in this group compared to the group without the disease. Obesity tripled the prevalence of NAFLD.
Key-words Alcohol drinkingHyperandrogenismmetabolic syndromenon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseObesityPolycystic ovary syndromeWaist circumferenceSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Maria Elisa Franciscatto
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Review Article
Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79
12-04-2024
Views241This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleZuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79
12-04-2024Views241See moreAbstract
Objective:
To evaluate the maternal outcomes in women with postpartum depression using zuranolone, the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic search in September 2023, on Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of zuranolone versus placebo in women with postpartum depression. No time or language restrictions were applied. 297 results were retrieved, of which 11 papers were selected and fully reviewed by two authors. Review Manager 5 was used for statistical analysis and Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was applied for quality assessment.
Results:
We included 2 studies, with 346 women, of whom 174 (50.2%) were treated with zuranolone. Zuranolone was significantly associated to an improvement of Clinical Global Impression response rate; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 15 days and 45-day remission, 3-day, 15-day, and 45-day symptom remission, and reduction in the dose of antidepressants. As for safety outcomes, it was noticed that zuranolone increases sedation risk, which can be dose related. No significant differences were found for other adverse events.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that zuranolone might present a safe and effective medication for out-of-hospital treatment of PPD. Sedation effects need to be further assessed.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Review Article
Self-medication among pregnant women in comparison to the general population: a scoping review of the main characteristics
- Gabriela Pereira
,
- Cinthia Madeira de Souza
,
- Amanda Canato Ferracini
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Sherif Eltonsy
,
[ … ], - Priscila Gava Mazzola
12-04-2024
Views213This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleSelf-medication among pregnant women in comparison to the general population: a scoping review of the main characteristics
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo77
12-04-2024- Gabriela Pereira
,
- Cinthia Madeira de Souza
,
- Amanda Canato Ferracini
,
- Fernanda Garanhani Surita
,
- Sherif Eltonsy
,
- Priscila Gava Mazzola
Views213Abstract
Objective:
An in-depth evaluation of the published evidence is needed on self-medication, specifically the evidence focusing on vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the differences in self-medication prevalence and study characteristics among different groups, while identifying gaps in the literature.
Methods:
A literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science, including articles published in the last 10 years for the pregnant women group (PWG) and the general population group (GPG). Data on study design, self-medication prevalence, medications used, and other variables were collected, tabulated, and summarized.
Results:
From 2888 screened articles, 75 were considered including 108,559 individuals. The self-medication (SM) in the PWG ranged from 2.6 to 72.4% and most studies had an SM prevalence between 21 and 50% and in the GPG, 32 from 50 studies had a SM prevalence higher than 50%. The reviewed studies varied considerably in methodology, requiring careful interpretation. While most of the studies assessed self-medication during the entire pregnancy, self-medication definition was often inconsistent between studies. Acetaminophen was the most used medication and headache was the most frequent symptom leading to self-medication initiation in the PWG.
Conclusions:
Self-medication among pregnant women showed a lower prevalence when compared to the general population. The medications used and symptoms reported were similar between groups. However, methodological differences must be carefully considered. Pregnant women should carefully follow their physicians’ advice before initiating self-medication to avoid preventable maternal and fetal adverse effects.
Key-words drug-related side effects and adverse reactionsMedication usePregnant womenSelf-medicationSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Gabriela Pereira
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in women: diagnosis and treatment: Number 11 – 2024
- Andrea Prestes Nácul
,
- Ana Carolina Japur Sá Rosa e Silva
,
- Daniela Angerame Yela
,
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
,
- José Maria Soares Júnior
,
[ … ], - Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto
11-25-2024
Views152This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENTNonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in women: diagnosis and treatment: Number 11 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS11
11-25-2024- Andrea Prestes Nácul
,
- Ana Carolina Japur Sá Rosa e Silva
,
- Daniela Angerame Yela
,
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
,
- José Maria Soares Júnior
,
- Gabriela Pravatta Rezende Antoniassi
,
- Lia Cruz da Costa Damásio
,
- Técia Maria de Oliveira Maranhão
,
- Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel
,
- Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Andrea Prestes Nácul
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FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENT
Challenges and strategies in adolescent vaccination: Number 12 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS12
11-14-2024
Summary
FEBRASGO POSITION STATEMENTChallenges and strategies in adolescent vaccination: Number 12 – 2024
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-FPS12
11-14-2024This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Letter to the Editor
The gynecologist and cancer in women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo92
10-23-2024
Summary
Letter to the EditorThe gynecologist and cancer in women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo92
10-23-2024Views117Cervical cancer continues to claim an alarming number of victims around the world, especially among poor women. In Brazil, in 2022, an incidence of 16.3/100,000 women was recorded,() with a projection for 2023 of 17,010 new cases, corresponding to a rate of 15.38/100,000, representing 7% of tumors in women.In the Brazilian reality, where there is […]See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article
Nipple-sparing mastectomy in young versus elderly patients
- Antônio Luiz Frasson
,
- Isabela Miranda
,
- Betina Vollbrecht
,
- Carolina Malhone
,
- Ana Beatriz Falcone
,
[ … ], - Martina Lichtenfels
10-23-2024
Views138This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleNipple-sparing mastectomy in young versus elderly patients
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo90
10-23-2024- Antônio Luiz Frasson
,
- Isabela Miranda
,
- Betina Vollbrecht
,
- Carolina Malhone
,
- Ana Beatriz Falcone
,
- Fernanda Barbosa
,
- Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante
,
- Martina Lichtenfels
Views138See moreAbstract
Objective:
In this study, we compared indications and outcomes of 115 young (< 40 years) versus 40 elderly (> 60 years) patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) as risk-reducing surgery or for breast cancer (BC) treatment.
Methods:
Between January 2004 and December 2018, young and elderly patients undergoing NSM with complete data from at least 6 months of follow-up were included.
Results:
BC treatment was the main indication for NSM, observed in 85(73.9%) young versus 33(82.5%) elderly patients, followed by risk-reducing surgery in 30(26.1%) young versus 7(17.5%) elderly patients. Complication rates did not differ between the age groups. At a median follow-up of 43 months, the overall recurrence rate was higher in the younger cohort (p = 0.04). However, when stratified into local, locoregional, contralateral, and distant metastasis, no statistical difference was observed. During the follow-up, only 2(1.7%) young patients died.
Conclusion:
Our findings elucidate a higher recurrence rate of breast cancer in younger patients undergoing NSM, which may correlate with the fact that age is an independent prognostic factor. High overall survival and low complication rates were evidenced in the two groups showing the safety of NSM for young and elderly patients.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Antônio Luiz Frasson
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Original Article
Access and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Nicole Zazula Beatrici
,
- Roxana Knobel
,
- Mariana Schmidt Vieira
,
- Iago Felipe Alexandrini
,
- Alberto Trapani Júnior
,
[ … ], - Carla Betina Andreucci
10-23-2024
Views172This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleAccess and adequacy of antenatal care in a city in Brazil during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo87
10-23-2024- Nicole Zazula Beatrici
,
- Roxana Knobel
,
- Mariana Schmidt Vieira
,
- Iago Felipe Alexandrini
,
- Alberto Trapani Júnior
,
- Carla Betina Andreucci
Views172Abstract
Objective:
To compare access and suitability of antenatal care between years 2020 and 2022 among postpartum individuals at a Hospital in Florianopolis, and evaluate factors associated with antenatal suitability.
Methods:
Observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study carried out in 2022. Collected data were compared with the database of a previous similar study carried out in the same setting in 2020. Data were extracted from medical records and prenatal booklets, in addition to a face-to-face questionnaire. Adequacy was measured using the Carvalho and Novaes index and health access was qualitatively evaluated. Socio-demographic and antenatal variables were analyzed. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered. Open-ended questions were categorized for analysis.
Results:
395 postpartum individuals were included. Antenatal care was adequate for 48.6% in 2020 and 69.1% in 2022. Among the barriers to access, 56% reported difficulty in scheduling appointments and/or exams and 23% complained of reduced healthcare staff due to strikes, COVID-19, among others. Adequate antenatal care was associated with being pregnant in 2022, being referred to high-risk units (PNAR), and not reporting difficulties in access. Also, it was associated with twice the chance of investigation for gestational diabetes (GDM) and syphilis.
Conclusion:
The 2022 post-vaccination period showed higher antenatal adequacy. The main difficulty for postpartum individuals was scheduling appointments and/or exams. Having antenatal care in 2022, no reports of difficulty in access, and follow-up at a high-risk unit were associated with antenatal adequacy.
Key-words COVID-19Delivery of health careDiabetesGestationalpandemicsPostpartum periodPregnancyPrenatal caresurveys and questionnairesVaccinationSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Nicole Zazula Beatrici
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Review Article
Timing of semen cryopreservation: before or after processing?
- Ana Paula de Souza Kussler
,
- Ivan Cunha Bustamante Filho
,
- Elisa Negri
,
- Edison Capp
,
- Helena von Eye Corleta
04-09-2024
Views358This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleTiming of semen cryopreservation: before or after processing?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo36
04-09-2024- Ana Paula de Souza Kussler
,
- Ivan Cunha Bustamante Filho
,
- Elisa Negri
,
- Edison Capp
,
- Helena von Eye Corleta
Views358Abstract
Objective:
Seminal cryopreservation causes significant damage to the sperm; therefore, different methods of cryopreservation have been studied. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of density gradient processing and washing/centrifugation with seminal plasma removal for cryopreservation in semen parameters.
Methods:
Seminal samples of 26 normozoospermic patients were divided into 3 parts: with seminal plasma; after washing/centrifugation; and after selection through density gradient. The samples were cryopreserved for at least two weeks. Motility, sperm count, morphology and viability were evaluated before cryopreservation and after thawing.
Results:
Density gradient processing selected motile and viable sperm with normal morphology in fresh samples (p<0.05). Cryopreservation negatively affected all sperm parameters regardless of the processing performed, and even if the sperm recovery was lower in the density gradient after the thawing, progressive motility, total motility, viability and morphology remained higher (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Cryopreservation significantly compromises sperm parameters (motility, morphology, viability). In normozoospermic patients, the density gradients select better quality spermatozoa compared to other processing methods; this benefit was kept after thawing.
Key-words CentrifugationCryopreservationDensity gradientSemenSeminal plasmaSperm countSperm washSpermatozoaSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ana Paula de Souza Kussler
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Original Article
Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population
- Ana Carolina Gomes Pereira
,
- Tábata Regina Zumpano dos Santos
,
- Helymar da Costa Machado
,
- Fernanda Garanhani de Castro Surita
04-09-2024
Views356This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleFactors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo23
04-09-2024- Ana Carolina Gomes Pereira
,
- Tábata Regina Zumpano dos Santos
,
- Helymar da Costa Machado
,
- Fernanda Garanhani de Castro Surita
Views356See moreAbstract
Objective:
To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors.
Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital’s electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or Mann–Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%.
Results:
A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance.
Conclusion:
This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ana Carolina Gomes Pereira
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Original Article
Comparison of medical image interpretation time between conventional and automated methods of breast ultrasound
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo15
00-00-2024
Summary
Original ArticleComparison of medical image interpretation time between conventional and automated methods of breast ultrasound
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo15
00-00-2024Views356See moreAbstract
Objective:
To compare the medical image interpretation’s time between the conventional and automated methods of breast ultrasound in patients with breast lesions. Secondarily, to evaluate the agreement between the two methods and interobservers.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. The agreement’s degrees were established in relation to the breast lesions’s ultrasound descriptors. To determine the accuracy of each method, a biopsy of suspicious lesions was performed, considering the histopathological result as the diagnostic gold standard.
Results:
We evaluated 27 women. Conventional ultrasound used an average medical time of 10.77 minutes (± 2.55) greater than the average of 7.38 minutes (± 2.06) for automated ultrasound (p<0.001). The degrees of agreement between the methods ranged from 0.75 to 0.95 for researcher 1 and from 0.71 to 0.98 for researcher 2. Among the researchers, the degrees of agreement were between 0.63 and 1 for automated ultrasound and between 0.68 and 1 for conventional ultrasound. The area of the ROC curve for the conventional method was 0.67 (p=0.003) for researcher 1 and 0.72 (p<0.001) for researcher 2. The area of the ROC curve for the automated method was 0. 69 (p=0.001) for researcher 1 and 0.78 (p<0.001) for researcher 2.
Conclusion:
We observed less time devoted by the physician to automated ultrasound compared to conventional ultrasound, maintaining accuracy. There was substantial or strong to perfect interobserver agreement and substantial or strong to almost perfect agreement between the methods.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article
Prevalence of colorectal symptoms and anal incontinence in patients with pelvic organ prolapse attended at an outpatient urogynecology service
- Marco Arellano
,
- Fernanda Santis-Moya
,
- Andrea Maluenda
,
- Alejandro Pattillo
,
- Bernardita Blümel
,
[ … ], - Javier Pizarro-Berdichevsky
00-00-2024
Summary
Original ArticlePrevalence of colorectal symptoms and anal incontinence in patients with pelvic organ prolapse attended at an outpatient urogynecology service
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo10
00-00-2024- Marco Arellano
,
- Fernanda Santis-Moya
,
- Andrea Maluenda
,
- Alejandro Pattillo
,
- Bernardita Blümel
,
- Dominga Pohlhammer
,
- Silvana Gonzalez
,
- Javier Pizarro-Berdichevsky
Views354See moreAbstract
Objective:
To analyze data of patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse evaluated with PFDI20 and its subscales to report the prevalence of lower gastrointestinal symptoms and anal incontinence in the population of a public hospital and analyze its impact on quality of life.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study of patients with symptomatic POP. Patients were evaluated with demographic data, POP-Q, pelvic floor ultrasonography, urological parameters, and pelvic floor symptoms (PFDI-20), and quality of life (P-QoL) surveys. Patients were classified as CRADI-8 “positive” for colorectal symptoms, with responses “moderate” in at least 3 and/or “severe” in at least 2 of the items in the CRADI-8 questionnaires.
Results:
One hundred thirteen patients were included. 42.5% (48) were considered positive for colorectal symptoms on CRADI-8. 53.4% presented anal incontinence. No significant differences were found in sociodemographic variables, POP-Q stage, ultrasound parameters, or urological parameters. Positive patients had a significantly worse result in PFDI-20, POPDI (48 vs 28; p<0.001), UDI6 (51 vs 24; p<0.001), and in the areas of social limitation (44.4 vs 22.2; p = 0.045), sleep- energy (61.5 vs 44.4; p = 0.08), and severity (56.8 vs 43.7, p=0.015) according to P-QoL.
Conclusion:
Moderate or severe colorectal symptoms are seen in 40% of patients with symptomatic POP in our unit. Full evaluation of pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms should be performed routinely in urogynecology units.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Marco Arellano
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Letter to the Editor
Letter to Editor: “Combined aerobic and strength training improves dynamic stability and can prevent against static stability decline in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial”
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo26
04-09-2024
Views350This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Letter to the EditorLetter to Editor: “Combined aerobic and strength training improves dynamic stability and can prevent against static stability decline in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial”
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo26
04-09-2024Views350Dear Editor,First and foremost, we express our gratitude towards the authors for their clear and concise description of the positive effects of aerobic and strength training on dynamic stability.() Additionally, their ability to provide a focused and informative introduction section is commendable. The study piqued our interest in further exploring the benefits of aerobic and […]See moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article
Bacteriological characteristics of primary breast abscesses in patients from the community in the era of microbial resistance
- Vicente Sperb Antonello
,
- Jessica Dallé
,
- Mirela Foresti Jimenez
,
- Patrícia Tramontini
,
- Andrei Gustavo Reginatto
04-09-2024
Views340This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleBacteriological characteristics of primary breast abscesses in patients from the community in the era of microbial resistance
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo34
04-09-2024- Vicente Sperb Antonello
,
- Jessica Dallé
,
- Mirela Foresti Jimenez
,
- Patrícia Tramontini
,
- Andrei Gustavo Reginatto
Views340See moreAbstract
Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiological profile and antimicrobial resistance in breast abscess cultures from patients from the community, treated at a public hospital located in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Methods:
This is an retrospective cross-sectional study that evaluated the medical records of patients with bacterial isolates in breast abscess secretion cultures and their antibiograms, from January 2010 to August 2022.
Results:
Based on 129 positive cultures from women from the community diagnosed with breast abscesses and treated at Fêmina Hospital, 99 (76.7%) of the patients had positive cultures for Staphylococcus sp, 91 (92%) of which were cases of Staphylococcus aureus. Regarding the resistance profile of S. aureus, 32% of the strains were resistant to clindamycin, 26% to oxacillin and 5% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The antimicrobials vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline did not show resistance for S. aureus.
Conclusion:
Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen found in the breast abscess isolates during the study period. Oxacillin remains a good option for hospitalized patients. The use of sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim should be considered as a good option for use at home, due to its low bacterial resistance, effectiveness and low cost.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Vicente Sperb Antonello
-
Review Article
Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in the Reduction of Pain and Opioid Requirement in Laparoscopic and Robot-assisted Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Claudia López-Ruiz
,
- Jerutsa Catalina Orjuela
,
- Diego Fernando Rojas-Gualdrón
,
- Marcela Jimenez-Arango
,
- José Fernando de los Ríos
,
[ … ], - Claudia Vargas
02-28-2022
Views333This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleEfficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in the Reduction of Pain and Opioid Requirement in Laparoscopic and Robot-assisted Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(1):55-66
02-28-2022- Claudia López-Ruiz
,
- Jerutsa Catalina Orjuela
,
- Diego Fernando Rojas-Gualdrón
,
- Marcela Jimenez-Arango
,
- José Fernando de los Ríos
,
- Elsa Maria Vásquez-Trespalacios
,
- Claudia Vargas
Views333Abstract
Objective
To summarize the available evidence of TAP Block in efficacy in laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy.
Data Sources
We searched databases and gray literature for randomized controlled trials in which transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was compared with placebo or with no treatment in patients who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted hysterectomy.
Method of Study
Selection Two researchers independently evaluated the eligibility of the selected articles. Tabulation, Integration, and Results Seven studies were selected, involving 518 patients. Early postoperative pain showed a difference in the mean mean difference (MD): – 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: – 1.87-0.46) in pain scale scores (I2=68%), which was statistically significant in favor of using TAP block, but without clinical relevance; late postoperative pain: DM 0.001 (95%CI: – 0.43-0.44; I2=69%); opioid requirement: DM 0.36 (95%CI: – 0.94-1.68; I2=80%); and incidence of nausea and vomiting with a difference of 95%CI=- 0.11 (- 0.215-0.006) in favor of TAP.
Conclusion
With moderate strength of evidence, due to the high heterogeneity and imbalance in baseline characteristics among studies, the results indicate that TAP block should not be considered as a clinically relevant analgesic technique to improve postoperative pain in laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy, despite statistical significance in early postoperative pain scale scores.
Key-words laparoscopic hysterectomyOpioidPainrobotic-assisted hysterectomytransversus abdominis plane blockSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Claudia López-Ruiz
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Original Article
Outcomes of urethral meatal preservation ventral urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: a series of cases
- João Vitor Quadra Vieira dos Santos
,
- Antônio Rebello Horta Görgen
,
- Tiago Bortolini
,
- Gabriel Veber Moisés da Silva
,
- Emanuel Burck dos Santos
,
[ … ], - Tiago Elias Rosito
03-15-2024
Summary
Original ArticleOutcomes of urethral meatal preservation ventral urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: a series of cases
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo20
03-15-2024- João Vitor Quadra Vieira dos Santos
,
- Antônio Rebello Horta Görgen
,
- Tiago Bortolini
,
- Gabriel Veber Moisés da Silva
,
- Emanuel Burck dos Santos
,
- Patric Machado Tavares
,
- Nelson Silvonei da Silva Batezini
,
- Tiago Elias Rosito
Views332Abstract
Objective:
To present a series of cases with our initial experience and short-term outcomes of a modified vaginal mucosal flap urethroplasty.
Methods:
Patients diagnosed with urethral stricture and operated by the same operative technique between January 2012 and January 2018 were followed for at least 6 months. Uroflowmetry and clinical outcomes were evaluated.
Results:
Nineteen patients were included with an average age of 56.4 years, mean preoperative Qmax of 5.3 ml/s, and PVR of 101.4 mL. After 6 months of the procedure, the mean Qmax improved to 14.7 mL/s (p<0.05), PVR decreased to 47.3 mL (p<0.05), and 84.2% of all patients reported improvement in clinical self-reported symptoms. There was an improvement in symptoms such as voiding effort in 84.2% of patients, weak stream (89.5%), and recurrent urinary tract infection (85.7%). The success rate (absence of symptoms and normal Qmax with no significant PVR) of the procedure was 84.2%.
Conclusion:
The described technique was considered effective for the treatment of female urethra stricture, with a high clinical success rate and an objective improvement of Qmax and decrease in PVR after 6 months of the procedure.
Key-words Urethral strictureUrethroplastyUrinary bladder neck obstructionUrological surgical proceduresSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - João Vitor Quadra Vieira dos Santos
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Review Article
Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1141-1158
03-24-2022
Views308This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleCommercial Surrogacy: An Overview
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1141-1158
03-24-2022Views308See moreAbstract
Objective
Surrogacy is the process in which a woman carries and delivers a baby to other person or couple, known as intended parents. When carriers are paid for surrogacy, this is known as commercial surrogacy. The objective of the present work is to review the legal, ethical, social, and cultural aspects of commercial surrogacy, as well as the current panorama worldwide.
Methods
This is a review of the literature published in the 21st century on commercial surrogacy.
Results
A total of 248 articles were included as the core of the present review. The demand for surrogate treatments by women without uterus or with important uterine disorders, single men and same-sex male couples is constantly increasing worldwide. This reproductive treatment has important ethical dilemmas. In addition, legislation defers widely worldwide and is in constant change. Therefore, patients look more and more for treatments abroad, which can lead to important legal problems between countries with different laws. Commercial surrogacy is practiced in several countries, in most of which there is no specific legislation. Some countries have taken restrictive measures against this technique because of reports of exploitation of carriers.
Conclusion
Commercial surrogacy is a common practice, despite important ethical and legal dilemmas. As a consequence of diverse national legislations, patients frequently resort to international commercial surrogacy programs. As of today, there is no standard international legal context, and this practice remains largely unregulated.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Review Article
The Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S)
- Alexandra Ruivo Coelho
,
- Gonçalo Cardoso
,
- Marta Espanhol Brito
,
- Inês Neves Gomes
,
- Maria João Cascais
07-30-2021
Views363This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleThe Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(5):395-402
07-30-2021- Alexandra Ruivo Coelho
,
- Gonçalo Cardoso
,
- Marta Espanhol Brito
,
- Inês Neves Gomes
,
- Maria João Cascais
Views363See moreAbstract
In a healthy athlete, the caloric intake is sufficient for sports energy needs and body physiological functions, allowing a balance between energy availability, bone metabolism, andmenstrual cycle.Onthe other hand, an imbalance causedby low energy availability dueto a restrictive diet, eating disorders or long periods of energy expenditure leads to multisystemic deregulation favoring the essential functions of the body. This phenomenon, described as the female athlete triad, occurs in a considerable percentage of high-performance athletes, with harmful consequences for their future. The present review was carried out based on a critical analysis of themost recent publications available and aims to provide a global perception of the topic relative energy deficit in sport (RED-S). The objective is to promote theacquisition ofmore consolidated knowledgeon an undervaluedtheme, enabling the acquisition of preventive strategies, early diagnosis and/or appropriate treatment.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Alexandra Ruivo Coelho
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Original Article
Screening of Perinatal Depression Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale
- Tenilson Amaral Oliveira
,
- Guilherme Guarany Cardoso Magalhães Luzetti
,
- Márcia Maria Auxiliadora Rosalém
,
- Corintio Mariani Neto
03-04-2022
Views364This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticleScreening of Perinatal Depression Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(5):452-457
03-04-2022- Tenilson Amaral Oliveira
,
- Guilherme Guarany Cardoso Magalhães Luzetti
,
- Márcia Maria Auxiliadora Rosalém
,
- Corintio Mariani Neto
Views364See moreAbstract
Objective
To detect depression during pregnancy and in the immediate postpartum period using the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS).
Methods
Cross sectional study of 315 women, aged between 14 and 44 years, who received perinatal care at the Leonor Mendes de Barros Hospital, in São Paulo, between July 1st, 2019 and October 30th, 2020. The cutoff point suggesting depression was ≥ 12.
Results
The screening indicated 62 (19.7%) patients experiencing depression. Low family income, multiparity, fewer prenatal appointments, antecedents of emotional disorders, dissatisfaction with the pregnancy, poor relationship with the partner, and psychological aggression were all risk factors associated with depression in pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. Antecedents of depression and psychology aggression during pregnancy were significant variables for predicting perinatal depression in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
There is a significant association between the occurrence of perinatal depression and the aforementioned psychosocial factors. Screening patients with the EPDS during perinatal and postpartum care could facilitate establishing a line of care to improve the wellbeing of mother and infant.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Tenilson Amaral Oliveira
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Original Article
Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Associated Factors Among Academics of a University in Midwest Brazil
- Ana Paula Rodrigues Rezende
,
- Fernanda Rassi Alvarenga
,
- Marcelo Ramos
,
- Débora Luiza Franken
,
- Juvenal Soares Dias da Costa
,
[ … ], - Vera Maria Vieira Paniz
04-08-2022
Views282This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Original ArticlePrevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Associated Factors Among Academics of a University in Midwest Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(2):133-141
04-08-2022- Ana Paula Rodrigues Rezende
,
- Fernanda Rassi Alvarenga
,
- Marcelo Ramos
,
- Débora Luiza Franken
,
- Juvenal Soares Dias da Costa
,
- Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
,
- Vera Maria Vieira Paniz
Views282Abstract
Objective
To investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in university students, the factors associated with PMS, the most prevalent symptoms, and the interference of symptoms in academic, family, social, and work activities.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1,115 university students aged ≥ 18 years from the University of Rio Verde, Goiás. Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD were identified using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive, nutritional, and health factors were investigated using the Poisson regression.
Results
The prevalence of PMS was 46.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.0-49.8), and of PMDD, 11.1% (95% CI 9.3-13.0). The most prevalent symptoms were physical, such as breast tenderness, bloating, e weight gain (73%); followed by psychological ones such as overeating/food cravings, tearful/more sensitive to rejection (> 60%). More than 30% of the patients reported that the symptoms interfered in a moderate-tosevere way in their social and academic activities. After adjusted analysis, PMS was more prevalent in those who were attending the 1st/2nd semester of college (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.44; 95% CI 1.14-1.80), those who consumed alcohol in the last 30 days (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.47), and those who had depression (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.30-1.71).
Conclusion
Almost half of the university students had PMS and ~ 11%, PMDD. Physical symptoms were themost common and interfered in amoderate-to-severe way in various aspects of life. Attending the first semesters, consuming alcohol, and having depression were risk factors for PMS. The identification of risk factors for PMS is essential to prevent symptoms and reduce the impact of the syndrome.
Key-words Cross-sectional studiespremenstrual dysphoric disorderPremenstrual syndromeRisk factorsStudentsSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ana Paula Rodrigues Rezende
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Review Article
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Endometriosis, Psychological Based Intervention: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(3):295-303
06-27-2022
Views287This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleCognitive Behavioral Therapy in Endometriosis, Psychological Based Intervention: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(3):295-303
06-27-2022Views287Abstract
Introduction
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that affects women of reproductive age, causing pain and the possibility of infertility. Endometriosis was associated to low life quality and research shows the impact of endometriosis in several areas of life, justifying how these patients are more likely to develop depression, anxiety, and stress.
Objective
The aim of the present systematic review was to explore the field of psychology in endometriosis, identifying studies that used the cognitive behavioral therapy technique as a treatment for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain.
Methods
The keywords used were Endometriosis and Behavioral Therapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Mental Health; Psychological Techniques; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Mental Health Services; and the search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, and Capes. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and all studies whose intervention strategy used was related to cognitive-behavioral therapy were considered.
Results
Of the 129 articles found, only 5 were selected, and it was possible to identify that the psychological intervention whose approach brought cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques promoted a decrease in the sensation of pain, improvements in the scores of depression and stress, and significant changes in aspects of quality of life such as vitality, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, control, and autonomy.
Conclusion
Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be very promising to take care of the emotional side of those who have endometriosis However, the present systematic review highlights the need to develop more structured studies with consistent, clear and replicablemethods to reach a psychological intervention protocol for patients who live with this gynecological-physical-emotional condition.
Key-words Chronic pelvic paincognitive behavioral therapyEndometriosispsychological interventionQuality of lifesystematic reviewsSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Review Article
Interventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
- Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
,
- Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos
,
- Mayara Alvares Cabral
,
- Vanessa Oliveira Silva
,
- Gislaine Cristina Vagetti
07-30-2021
Views327This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleInterventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(5):403-413
07-30-2021- Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
,
- Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos Santos
,
- Mayara Alvares Cabral
,
- Vanessa Oliveira Silva
,
- Gislaine Cristina Vagetti
Views327See moreAbstract
Objective
To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits ofmusic therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.
Data Sources
The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices.
Study Selection
Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review.
Data Collectio
n The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of thestudy.
Summary of the Data
In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period.
Conclusion
Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Bruna Mayumi Omori Shimada
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Review Article
The Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review
- Laura Gazal Passos
,
- Paula Terraciano
,
- Nicole Wolf
,
- Fernanda dos Santos de Oliveira
,
- Isabel de Almeida
,
[ … ], - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
08-15-2022
Views329This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticleThe Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(6):614-620
08-15-2022- Laura Gazal Passos
,
- Paula Terraciano
,
- Nicole Wolf
,
- Fernanda dos Santos de Oliveira
,
- Isabel de Almeida
,
- Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
Views329Abstract
The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection on female’s fertility is not completely established yet, since the level of evidence associating these factors is still weak. Hence, the goal of the present review is to contribute to a better elucidation of this matter. The electronic database chosen was the Medline/PubMed, with the last survey on May 11, 2021. Publication date was used as a filter, with the previous 5 years having been selected. The following describers were used: chlamydia trachomatis AND infertility; chlamydia trachomatis AND tubal alteration AND infertility; chlamydia AND low pregnancy rates. From the 322 studies screened, 293 that failed to meet our eligibility criteria were excluded. Subsequently, we removed seven studies for not having the possible correlation between CT infections and female infertility as its main focus, and three for being about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in general. Moreover, two studies designed as reviews were also excluded. Ergo, we included 17 studies in our qualitative analysis. The authors conducted research individually and analyzed carefully the studies selected. As we retrieved the information needed for our study through reading the texts, no contact was made with the authors of the studies selected. This systematic review corroborates the hypothesis that CT infection potentiates female infertility, as 76.47% of the included studies found a positive correlation between them. We conclude that there is an important association between CT infection and female infertility. Ergo, making CT screening part of the infertility investigation routine is relevant and has a reasonable justification.
Key-words Chlamydia trachomatishuman reproductionInfertilitySexually transmitted diseasestubal factor infertilitySee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Laura Gazal Passos
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Review Article
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(4):425-433
06-27-2022
Views300This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Review ArticlePolycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(4):425-433
06-27-2022Views300See moreAbstract
Diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during adolescence is challenging since normal pubertal development overlap typical features of this syndrome. The authors aim to summarize the existing evidence concerning PCOS in adolescence, particularly its diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options. A search throughout medical databases such as PubMed and MedScape was performed. Diagnostic criteria include irregular menstrual cycles according to time postmenarche and evidence of clinical hyperandrogenism and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, provided other causes have been excluded. Polycystic ovarianmorphology ought not to be used as a diagnostic criterion. Treatment should targetmanifestations and/or comorbidities, even in the absence of a definite diagnosis. Lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment. Combined oral contraceptives, metformin or antiandrogens may also be considered as adjuvants. Screening for PCOS in adolescence is crucial as it allows an early intervention on the symptoms and comorbidities presented leading to better long-term reproductive and metabolic outcomes.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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