uterine cervix Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(8):489-493
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000800004
Purpose: to study the effect of copaíba oil on the uterine cervix of oophorectomized rats. Method: 120 female adults were used, divided into four groups: control, water, corn oil and copaíba oil. All animals were submitted to bilateral oophorectomy, and kept in cages for twenty days before applying the substances. These substances were applied by vaginal route at a dose of 0.3 ml, once a day until the predetermined day of sacrifice (7, 14 e 21 days). Results: the animals from the copaíba oil group showed on all days of the study exuberant, keratinous stratified squamous epithelium with about 10 epithelial cell layers and the chorion with conjunctive tissue, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, blood vessels and some leukocytes. Conclusions: The copaíba oil used in this experimental model promoted a thickening of the epithelium, which was keratinous stratified squamous, and epithelium increase was progressive along the study.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(8):489-493
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000800004
Purpose: to study the effect of copaíba oil on the uterine cervix of oophorectomized rats. Method: 120 female adults were used, divided into four groups: control, water, corn oil and copaíba oil. All animals were submitted to bilateral oophorectomy, and kept in cages for twenty days before applying the substances. These substances were applied by vaginal route at a dose of 0.3 ml, once a day until the predetermined day of sacrifice (7, 14 e 21 days). Results: the animals from the copaíba oil group showed on all days of the study exuberant, keratinous stratified squamous epithelium with about 10 epithelial cell layers and the chorion with conjunctive tissue, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, blood vessels and some leukocytes. Conclusions: The copaíba oil used in this experimental model promoted a thickening of the epithelium, which was keratinous stratified squamous, and epithelium increase was progressive along the study.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(2):81-86
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000200002
PURPOSE: to describe the frequency of precursor lesions of cervical cancer in 15 to 29-year-old women, associating the degree of damage with the epidemiologic characteristics and associated risk factors. METHODS: a transverse study was performed, where the precursor lesions of cervical cancer were investigated through Papanicolaou test in 15 to 29 year-old women with active sexual life, living in Rio Branco (AC), in the period from January to September 2001. The investigated data included epidemiologic information, risk factors and physical-ginecological examination results, including Schiller test and smears for cytopathologic test. RESULTS: of the 2,397 women studied, 155 (6.4%) showed some kind of cellular epithelial alteration, 146 (94.2%) squamous lesions and 9 (5.8%) glandular lesions. In 15 to 19 year old women, the frequency (6.9%) of cellular epithelial alteration was similar to that observed in 20 to 29-year-old women (p>0.65). These alterations were associated with low educational level (p<0.003), with the number of sexual partners (p<0.04), with STD history (p<0.001) and smoking habits (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: the high frequency of precursor lesions in an age lower than expected, and following an epidemiologic pattern observed in other phases of women's life, shows the early exposure to risk factors, which anticipates the development of cervical cancer.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(2):81-86
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000200002
PURPOSE: to describe the frequency of precursor lesions of cervical cancer in 15 to 29-year-old women, associating the degree of damage with the epidemiologic characteristics and associated risk factors. METHODS: a transverse study was performed, where the precursor lesions of cervical cancer were investigated through Papanicolaou test in 15 to 29 year-old women with active sexual life, living in Rio Branco (AC), in the period from January to September 2001. The investigated data included epidemiologic information, risk factors and physical-ginecological examination results, including Schiller test and smears for cytopathologic test. RESULTS: of the 2,397 women studied, 155 (6.4%) showed some kind of cellular epithelial alteration, 146 (94.2%) squamous lesions and 9 (5.8%) glandular lesions. In 15 to 19 year old women, the frequency (6.9%) of cellular epithelial alteration was similar to that observed in 20 to 29-year-old women (p>0.65). These alterations were associated with low educational level (p<0.003), with the number of sexual partners (p<0.04), with STD history (p<0.001) and smoking habits (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: the high frequency of precursor lesions in an age lower than expected, and following an epidemiologic pattern observed in other phases of women's life, shows the early exposure to risk factors, which anticipates the development of cervical cancer.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):355-364
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600003
Purpose: to compare histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical lesions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. Methods: fifty-two HIV-seropositive women with suspected HPV cervical lesions were studied. Cervical scrapes were collected for PCR and colposcopy-guided biopsy was made for the histopathologic study. Three samples were disqualified for PCR, leaving a study population of 49 women. Results: the prevalence of HPV was 53% by histopathology and 85.7% by PCR. Among the 42 patients in whom HPV was detected by PCR, 26 were confirmed by histopathology (sensitivity = 61.9%). This method gave no false-positives (specificity = 100%), with 100% of positive prediction. Compared to PCR, the histopathology had: positive predcitive value = 100% and negative predcitive value = 30.4%. Among the 26 patients with HPV-positive biopsy, 15 (57.7%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); relative risk = 13.3. Conclusion: histopathology was 100% correct for HPV-infection diagnosis. It means that when the biopsy is positive, HPV will be present, confirming the clinical suspicion. However, the low sensitivity excludes histopathology as a screening examination in this group of women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):355-364
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600003
Purpose: to compare histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical lesions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. Methods: fifty-two HIV-seropositive women with suspected HPV cervical lesions were studied. Cervical scrapes were collected for PCR and colposcopy-guided biopsy was made for the histopathologic study. Three samples were disqualified for PCR, leaving a study population of 49 women. Results: the prevalence of HPV was 53% by histopathology and 85.7% by PCR. Among the 42 patients in whom HPV was detected by PCR, 26 were confirmed by histopathology (sensitivity = 61.9%). This method gave no false-positives (specificity = 100%), with 100% of positive prediction. Compared to PCR, the histopathology had: positive predcitive value = 100% and negative predcitive value = 30.4%. Among the 26 patients with HPV-positive biopsy, 15 (57.7%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); relative risk = 13.3. Conclusion: histopathology was 100% correct for HPV-infection diagnosis. It means that when the biopsy is positive, HPV will be present, confirming the clinical suspicion. However, the low sensitivity excludes histopathology as a screening examination in this group of women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):349-354
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600002
Purpose: to evaluate the histopathologic results of cone specimens of patients undergoing loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and their relationship with the localization of the lesion. Methods: in a retrospective study, 134 clinical reports of patients with abnormal findings of cervical cytology and/or biopsy undergoing LEEP were reviewed. The colposcopic findings were divided into three groups according to the localization of the lesion. Group I (n = 36): patients with ectocervical lesions and fully visible squamocolumnar junction; Group II (n = 50): patients with lesions at the ectocervix and endocervix, and Group III (n = 48): patients with unsatisfactory colposcopy. Results: the mean age in Group I was 33 years and there were 8.3% positive margins. In Group II the mean age was 39 years, with 36% positive margins. Group III had a mean age of 48 years and presented 29.2% positive margins. The percentage of residual disease was 4.2% in Group I, 31.6% in Group II and 35.5% in Group III. Conclusion: patients with lesions at the endocervical canal showed a higher rate of positive margins. Patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the endocervical canal and older than 40 years have a greater chance of showing positive margins and residual disease, therefore requiring stricter cytologic and colposcopic follow-up.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):349-354
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600002
Purpose: to evaluate the histopathologic results of cone specimens of patients undergoing loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and their relationship with the localization of the lesion. Methods: in a retrospective study, 134 clinical reports of patients with abnormal findings of cervical cytology and/or biopsy undergoing LEEP were reviewed. The colposcopic findings were divided into three groups according to the localization of the lesion. Group I (n = 36): patients with ectocervical lesions and fully visible squamocolumnar junction; Group II (n = 50): patients with lesions at the ectocervix and endocervix, and Group III (n = 48): patients with unsatisfactory colposcopy. Results: the mean age in Group I was 33 years and there were 8.3% positive margins. In Group II the mean age was 39 years, with 36% positive margins. Group III had a mean age of 48 years and presented 29.2% positive margins. The percentage of residual disease was 4.2% in Group I, 31.6% in Group II and 35.5% in Group III. Conclusion: patients with lesions at the endocervical canal showed a higher rate of positive margins. Patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the endocervical canal and older than 40 years have a greater chance of showing positive margins and residual disease, therefore requiring stricter cytologic and colposcopic follow-up.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(4):247-251
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000400006
Purpose: to compare cervical length measurements in twin pregnancies obtained by transvaginal ultrasound examination in the recumbent and standing positions. Methods: fifty twin pregnancies underwent transvaginal ultrasound examinations to measure the cervical length with the women in recumbent and standing positions. The study was carried out between May 1999 and December 2000. The scans were repeated every 4 weeks and the total number of evaluations was 136. Two groups were analyzed: one included only the first ultrasound examinations carried out in each woman and the second group included all evaluations. Results: in the first group, cervical length measurements in the standing and recumbent positions correlated inversely with the gestational age (recumbent: r=-0.60; p<0.001; standing: r=-0.46; p=0.008). The mean measure in the recumbent position was 35.2 mm (SD=9.9 mm) and 33.4 mm (SD=9.5 mm) in the standing position. When the difference between the measure obtained in the standing and recumbent positions was expressed as percentage of the measure in the recumbent position, there was no significant association with gestational age (p=0.07). When all evaluations were considered, there was a significant association between cervical length in the recumbent and standing positions (r=0.79; p<0.001). The measures in recumbent and standing positions were inversely correlated with gestational age (recumbent: p<0.0001; standing: p<0.0001). The mean cervical length in the recumbent position was 33.5 mm (SD=10.8 mm) and 31.8 mm (SD=9.6 mm) in the standing position. There was no significant association between cervical length difference expressed as percentage of the measure in the recumbent position and gestation. Conclusion: cervical length measure obtained with the patients in the recumbent and standing positions provided similar information.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(4):247-251
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000400006
Purpose: to compare cervical length measurements in twin pregnancies obtained by transvaginal ultrasound examination in the recumbent and standing positions. Methods: fifty twin pregnancies underwent transvaginal ultrasound examinations to measure the cervical length with the women in recumbent and standing positions. The study was carried out between May 1999 and December 2000. The scans were repeated every 4 weeks and the total number of evaluations was 136. Two groups were analyzed: one included only the first ultrasound examinations carried out in each woman and the second group included all evaluations. Results: in the first group, cervical length measurements in the standing and recumbent positions correlated inversely with the gestational age (recumbent: r=-0.60; p<0.001; standing: r=-0.46; p=0.008). The mean measure in the recumbent position was 35.2 mm (SD=9.9 mm) and 33.4 mm (SD=9.5 mm) in the standing position. When the difference between the measure obtained in the standing and recumbent positions was expressed as percentage of the measure in the recumbent position, there was no significant association with gestational age (p=0.07). When all evaluations were considered, there was a significant association between cervical length in the recumbent and standing positions (r=0.79; p<0.001). The measures in recumbent and standing positions were inversely correlated with gestational age (recumbent: p<0.0001; standing: p<0.0001). The mean cervical length in the recumbent position was 33.5 mm (SD=10.8 mm) and 31.8 mm (SD=9.6 mm) in the standing position. There was no significant association between cervical length difference expressed as percentage of the measure in the recumbent position and gestation. Conclusion: cervical length measure obtained with the patients in the recumbent and standing positions provided similar information.
