Body composition Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(7):316-322
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000700005
PURPOSE: To compare the metabolic parameters, body composition and muscle strength of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to those of women with ovulatory menstrual cycles. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 27 women with PCOS and 28 control women with ovulatory cycles, aged 18 to 27 years with a body mass index of 18 to 39.9 kg/m², who did not practice regular physical activity. Serum testosterone, androstenedione, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin and glycemia levels were determined. Free androgen index (FAI) and resistance to insulin (by HOMA) were calculated. The volunteers were submitted to evaluation of body composition based on skin folds and DEXA and to 1-RM maximum muscle strength tests in three exercises after familiarization procedures and handgrip isometric force was determined. RESULTS: Testosterone levels were higher in the PCOS group than in the Control Group (68.07±20.18 versus 58.20±12.82 ng/dL; p=0.02), as also were the FAI (282.51±223.86 versus 127.08±77.19; p=0.01), insulin (8.41±7.06 versus 4.05±2.73 µIU/mL; p=0.01), and HOMA (2.3±2.32 versus 1.06±0.79; p=0.01), and SBHG levels were lower (52.51±43.27 versus 65.45±27.43 nmol/L; p=0.04). No significant differences in body composition were observed between groups using the proposed methods. The PCOS group showed greater muscle strength in the 1-RM test in the bench press (31.2±4.75 versus 27.79±3.63 kg; p=0.02), and leg extension exercises (27.9±6.23 versus 23.47±4.21 kg; p=0.02) as well as handgrip isometric force (5079.61±1035.77 versus 4477.38±69.66 kgf/m², p=0.04). PCOS was an independent predictor of increase muscle strength in bench press exercises (estimate (E)=2.7) (p=0.04) and leg extension (E=3.5) (p=0.04), and BMI in the exercise of isometric handgrip (E=72.2) (p<0.01), bench press (E=0.2) (p=0.02) and arm curl (E=0.3) (p<0.01). No association was found between HOMA-IR and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: Women with POS showed greater muscle strength, with no difference in body composition, and IR was not associated with muscle strength performance. Muscle strength may be possibly related to high levels of androgens in these women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(7):316-322
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000700005
PURPOSE: To compare the metabolic parameters, body composition and muscle strength of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to those of women with ovulatory menstrual cycles. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 27 women with PCOS and 28 control women with ovulatory cycles, aged 18 to 27 years with a body mass index of 18 to 39.9 kg/m², who did not practice regular physical activity. Serum testosterone, androstenedione, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin and glycemia levels were determined. Free androgen index (FAI) and resistance to insulin (by HOMA) were calculated. The volunteers were submitted to evaluation of body composition based on skin folds and DEXA and to 1-RM maximum muscle strength tests in three exercises after familiarization procedures and handgrip isometric force was determined. RESULTS: Testosterone levels were higher in the PCOS group than in the Control Group (68.07±20.18 versus 58.20±12.82 ng/dL; p=0.02), as also were the FAI (282.51±223.86 versus 127.08±77.19; p=0.01), insulin (8.41±7.06 versus 4.05±2.73 µIU/mL; p=0.01), and HOMA (2.3±2.32 versus 1.06±0.79; p=0.01), and SBHG levels were lower (52.51±43.27 versus 65.45±27.43 nmol/L; p=0.04). No significant differences in body composition were observed between groups using the proposed methods. The PCOS group showed greater muscle strength in the 1-RM test in the bench press (31.2±4.75 versus 27.79±3.63 kg; p=0.02), and leg extension exercises (27.9±6.23 versus 23.47±4.21 kg; p=0.02) as well as handgrip isometric force (5079.61±1035.77 versus 4477.38±69.66 kgf/m², p=0.04). PCOS was an independent predictor of increase muscle strength in bench press exercises (estimate (E)=2.7) (p=0.04) and leg extension (E=3.5) (p=0.04), and BMI in the exercise of isometric handgrip (E=72.2) (p<0.01), bench press (E=0.2) (p=0.02) and arm curl (E=0.3) (p<0.01). No association was found between HOMA-IR and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: Women with POS showed greater muscle strength, with no difference in body composition, and IR was not associated with muscle strength performance. Muscle strength may be possibly related to high levels of androgens in these women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(2):70-74
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000200003
OBJECTIVE: to correlate complaints of stress urinary incontinence and the results of a one-hour pad test in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: cross-sectional study conducted on 60 postmenopausal volunteers divided into two groups: one consisting of 34 women with involuntary loss of urine due to stress incontinence and the other consisting of 26 women without involuntary loss of urine. A control group of 15 premenopausal women with normal menstrual cycles and no urinary complaints was also used. All women underwent clinical and laboratory analysis as well as the one-hour pad test. Patients were considered to be incontinent when sanitary pad weight post-test was more than 1 g. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, parametric ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey test and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: all postmenopausal women presented with stress urinary incontinence during the pad test, both those with urinary loss (4 g) and with no previous loss (3.5 g). A strong correlation was observed between urinary loss and time since menopause (r=0.8; p<0.01) and body mass index (r=0.7; p=0.01). Premenopausal women were continent during the pad test (0.4 g). CONCLUSIONS: the results of the one-hour pad test showed that all postmenopausal women exhibited stress urinary incontinence, including those without urine loss on effort. Urine loss was correlated with time since menopause and body mass index.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(2):70-74
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000200003
OBJECTIVE: to correlate complaints of stress urinary incontinence and the results of a one-hour pad test in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: cross-sectional study conducted on 60 postmenopausal volunteers divided into two groups: one consisting of 34 women with involuntary loss of urine due to stress incontinence and the other consisting of 26 women without involuntary loss of urine. A control group of 15 premenopausal women with normal menstrual cycles and no urinary complaints was also used. All women underwent clinical and laboratory analysis as well as the one-hour pad test. Patients were considered to be incontinent when sanitary pad weight post-test was more than 1 g. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, parametric ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey test and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: all postmenopausal women presented with stress urinary incontinence during the pad test, both those with urinary loss (4 g) and with no previous loss (3.5 g). A strong correlation was observed between urinary loss and time since menopause (r=0.8; p<0.01) and body mass index (r=0.7; p=0.01). Premenopausal women were continent during the pad test (0.4 g). CONCLUSIONS: the results of the one-hour pad test showed that all postmenopausal women exhibited stress urinary incontinence, including those without urine loss on effort. Urine loss was correlated with time since menopause and body mass index.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(4):182-189
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000400005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the anthropometric measures as predictors of cardiovascular and metabolic risk in non-transmissible chronic diseases in postmenopausal women. METHODS: a clinical and sectional study enrolling 120 sedentary postmenopausal women (amenorrhea for at least 12 months, age 45 to 70 years was conducted). Exclusion criteria included insulin-dependent diabetes and use of statins or hormone therapy within the preceding six months. Anthropometric indicators included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI=weight/height²), and waist circumference (WC). Metabolic profiles as total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), glycemia, and insulin were measured and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: subjects were classified on average as overweight and showed central fat distribution. Overweight and obesity were observed in 76% and abdominal obesity in 87.3% of the patients. On average, TC, LDL and TG levels were higher than recommended in 67.8, 55.9 and 45.8% of the women, respectively, and HDL was low in 40.7%. Values of WC >88 cm were observed in 14.8% of women with normal weight, 62.5% overweight and 100% obesity p>0.05). On average, the values of AIP, TG, and HOMA-IR increased significantly along with values of BMI and WC, while decreased HDL (p<0.05). Among women with WC >88 cm, a risk association was observed with low HDL (OR=5.86; 95%CI=2.31-14.82), with higher TG (OR=2.61; 95%CI=1.18-5.78), with higher AIP (OR=3.42; 95%CI=1.19-9.78) and with IR (OR=3.63; 95%CI=1.27-10.36). There was a risk of low HDL (OR=3.1; 95%CI=1.44-6.85) with increased obesity (BMI>30 kg/m²). CONCLUSIONS: in the postmenopausal women, the simple measure of WC can predict cardiovascular and metabolic risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(4):182-189
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000400005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the anthropometric measures as predictors of cardiovascular and metabolic risk in non-transmissible chronic diseases in postmenopausal women. METHODS: a clinical and sectional study enrolling 120 sedentary postmenopausal women (amenorrhea for at least 12 months, age 45 to 70 years was conducted). Exclusion criteria included insulin-dependent diabetes and use of statins or hormone therapy within the preceding six months. Anthropometric indicators included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI=weight/height²), and waist circumference (WC). Metabolic profiles as total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), glycemia, and insulin were measured and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: subjects were classified on average as overweight and showed central fat distribution. Overweight and obesity were observed in 76% and abdominal obesity in 87.3% of the patients. On average, TC, LDL and TG levels were higher than recommended in 67.8, 55.9 and 45.8% of the women, respectively, and HDL was low in 40.7%. Values of WC >88 cm were observed in 14.8% of women with normal weight, 62.5% overweight and 100% obesity p>0.05). On average, the values of AIP, TG, and HOMA-IR increased significantly along with values of BMI and WC, while decreased HDL (p<0.05). Among women with WC >88 cm, a risk association was observed with low HDL (OR=5.86; 95%CI=2.31-14.82), with higher TG (OR=2.61; 95%CI=1.18-5.78), with higher AIP (OR=3.42; 95%CI=1.19-9.78) and with IR (OR=3.63; 95%CI=1.27-10.36). There was a risk of low HDL (OR=3.1; 95%CI=1.44-6.85) with increased obesity (BMI>30 kg/m²). CONCLUSIONS: in the postmenopausal women, the simple measure of WC can predict cardiovascular and metabolic risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):53-59
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100008
PURPOSE: to study maternal (body composition and cardiovascular capacity) and perinatal (weight and prematurity) effects of hydrotherapy during pregnancy. METHODS: a prospective, random cohort study, with 41 low-risk pregnant women in their first pregnancy, practicing (study group, n=22) and not (control group, n=19) hydrotherapy. Anthropometric evaluation was used to assess lean mass, and absolute and relative body fat. Ergometric tests were used for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). Perinatal results showed premature births and small for gestational age newborns. Initial and final indexes within and between groups were compared. Maternal variables were evaluated using the t test for dependent and independent values; the chi ² test was used to study proportions. RESULTS: there were no significant differences between the groups for maternal variables at the start and end of hydrotherapy. Comparison within each group confirmed the beneficial effect of hydrotherapy. In the study group, relative fat index was maintained at 29.0%; the control group showed an increase from 28.8% to 30.7%; the study group maintained VO2max at 35%, and increased SV from 106.6 to 121.5 and CO from 13.5 to 15.1; the control group showed a drop in VO2max and no change in SV and CO. There was no relationship between hydrotherapy and perinatal results. CONCLUSIONS: hydrotherapy adequately assisted metabolic and cardiovascular maternal adaptation to pregnancy and did not cause prematurity or weight loss in newborns.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):53-59
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100008
PURPOSE: to study maternal (body composition and cardiovascular capacity) and perinatal (weight and prematurity) effects of hydrotherapy during pregnancy. METHODS: a prospective, random cohort study, with 41 low-risk pregnant women in their first pregnancy, practicing (study group, n=22) and not (control group, n=19) hydrotherapy. Anthropometric evaluation was used to assess lean mass, and absolute and relative body fat. Ergometric tests were used for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). Perinatal results showed premature births and small for gestational age newborns. Initial and final indexes within and between groups were compared. Maternal variables were evaluated using the t test for dependent and independent values; the chi ² test was used to study proportions. RESULTS: there were no significant differences between the groups for maternal variables at the start and end of hydrotherapy. Comparison within each group confirmed the beneficial effect of hydrotherapy. In the study group, relative fat index was maintained at 29.0%; the control group showed an increase from 28.8% to 30.7%; the study group maintained VO2max at 35%, and increased SV from 106.6 to 121.5 and CO from 13.5 to 15.1; the control group showed a drop in VO2max and no change in SV and CO. There was no relationship between hydrotherapy and perinatal results. CONCLUSIONS: hydrotherapy adequately assisted metabolic and cardiovascular maternal adaptation to pregnancy and did not cause prematurity or weight loss in newborns.