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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):61-64
, , Premature delivery often complicates multifetal pregnancies, placing neonates at risk of seriousmorbidity andmortality. In select cases, pretermbirth of one sibling may not require delivery of the remaining fetus(es), which may remain in utero for a delayedinterval delivery, consequently improving neonatalmorbidity andmortality. Currently, there is no consensus on the best protocol for the optimalmanagement of these cases. We report one case of delayed-interval delivery of a dichorionic pregnancy assisted in our center. In this case, prophylactic cerclage, tocolytic therapy and administration of broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics enabled delivery at 37 weeks, corresponding to 154 days of latency, which is, to our knowledge, the longest interval described in the literature. The attempt to defer the delivery of the second fetus in peri-viability is an option that should be offered to parents after counseling, providing that the clinical criteria of eligibility are fulfilled. The correct selection of candidates, combined with the correct performance of procedures, as well as fetal and maternal monitoring and early identification of complications increase the probability of success of this type of delivery.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):61-64
, , Premature delivery often complicates multifetal pregnancies, placing neonates at risk of seriousmorbidity andmortality. In select cases, pretermbirth of one sibling may not require delivery of the remaining fetus(es), which may remain in utero for a delayedinterval delivery, consequently improving neonatalmorbidity andmortality. Currently, there is no consensus on the best protocol for the optimalmanagement of these cases. We report one case of delayed-interval delivery of a dichorionic pregnancy assisted in our center. In this case, prophylactic cerclage, tocolytic therapy and administration of broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics enabled delivery at 37 weeks, corresponding to 154 days of latency, which is, to our knowledge, the longest interval described in the literature. The attempt to defer the delivery of the second fetus in peri-viability is an option that should be offered to parents after counseling, providing that the clinical criteria of eligibility are fulfilled. The correct selection of candidates, combined with the correct performance of procedures, as well as fetal and maternal monitoring and early identification of complications increase the probability of success of this type of delivery.
, , , , , Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(1):61-65
, , , , , , , , , , , , Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies and represents an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The screening of the disease is a subject of studies, but the complexity and uncertainties regarding its etiology make this objective a difficult task. In addition, the costs related to screening protocols, the heterogeneity of the most affected populations and the lack of highly effective prevention methods reduce the potential of current available algorithms for screening. Thus, the National Specialized Commission of Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Brazilian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federation (Febrasgo, in the Portuguese acronym) (NSC Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Febrasgo) considers that there are no screening algorithms to be implemented in the country to date and advocates that Aspirin and calcium should be widely used.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(1):61-65
, , , , , , , , , , , , Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies and represents an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The screening of the disease is a subject of studies, but the complexity and uncertainties regarding its etiology make this objective a difficult task. In addition, the costs related to screening protocols, the heterogeneity of the most affected populations and the lack of highly effective prevention methods reduce the potential of current available algorithms for screening. Thus, the National Specialized Commission of Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Brazilian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federation (Febrasgo, in the Portuguese acronym) (NSC Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Febrasgo) considers that there are no screening algorithms to be implemented in the country to date and advocates that Aspirin and calcium should be widely used.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(2):61-67
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000200003
PURPOSE: to evaluate the quality of life and sexuality features of women with breast cancer, according to the type of surgery they underwent and their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: transversal study with 110 women treated for breast cancer, for at least one year in the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher of UNICAMP. The quality of life was assessed by the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, and the issues on sexuality, by a specific questionnaire in which Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to validate the concordance of responses (alpha=0.72) and the technique of factor analysis, with the criterion of self value and variance maximum rotation, resulting in two components: intrinsic or intimacy ( how the woman sees herself sexually) and extrinsic or attractiveness (how the woman believes the others see her sexually). Sociodemographic variables have been assessed according to the WHO questionnaire, and the sexuality components, through the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney's test and Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: age, schooling, type of surgery and lapse of time from the surgery did not influence the quality of life concerning physical, environmental, and psychological aspects, as well as the social relationships. Women with a stable marital relationship got higher scores in the psychological area (p=0.04) and in the area of social relationships (p=0.02). Higher socioeconomic level influenced the quality of life concerning physical appearance (p=0.01) and environment (p=0.002). Regarding the sexuality, age had influence in the extrinsic component (p=0.0158). Women with a stable marital relationship had higher scores of quality of life in both components of sexuality. Higher schooling influenced in a positive way the intrinsic factor. Women submitted to quadrantectomy or mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction showed higher scores relating to attractiveness in comparison to mastectomized women without reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: better socioeconomic level and better schooling, stable marital relationship and surgery with breast conservation are linked to better rates of quality of life, including sexuality.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(2):61-67
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000200003
PURPOSE: to evaluate the quality of life and sexuality features of women with breast cancer, according to the type of surgery they underwent and their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: transversal study with 110 women treated for breast cancer, for at least one year in the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher of UNICAMP. The quality of life was assessed by the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire, and the issues on sexuality, by a specific questionnaire in which Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to validate the concordance of responses (alpha=0.72) and the technique of factor analysis, with the criterion of self value and variance maximum rotation, resulting in two components: intrinsic or intimacy ( how the woman sees herself sexually) and extrinsic or attractiveness (how the woman believes the others see her sexually). Sociodemographic variables have been assessed according to the WHO questionnaire, and the sexuality components, through the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney's test and Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: age, schooling, type of surgery and lapse of time from the surgery did not influence the quality of life concerning physical, environmental, and psychological aspects, as well as the social relationships. Women with a stable marital relationship got higher scores in the psychological area (p=0.04) and in the area of social relationships (p=0.02). Higher socioeconomic level influenced the quality of life concerning physical appearance (p=0.01) and environment (p=0.002). Regarding the sexuality, age had influence in the extrinsic component (p=0.0158). Women with a stable marital relationship had higher scores of quality of life in both components of sexuality. Higher schooling influenced in a positive way the intrinsic factor. Women submitted to quadrantectomy or mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction showed higher scores relating to attractiveness in comparison to mastectomized women without reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: better socioeconomic level and better schooling, stable marital relationship and surgery with breast conservation are linked to better rates of quality of life, including sexuality.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(2):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000200003
PURPOSE: to demonstrate the expression of biomarkers, detected by immunohistochemical techniques in healthy tissues, as well as in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. METHODS: in order to evaluate the immunohistochemical reactivity of tissues from the uterine cervix to p16 and to type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), 187 samples of low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LG-IEL) and high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HG-IEL), and of uterine cervix carcinoma were compared with a group of patients without uterine cervix lesions. Statistical analysis was done by the chi2 test for trends. The significance level was alpha=0.05. RESULTS: the reactivity to p16 was assessed showing the following distribution: group without uterine cervix lesions: 56% (24/43), LG-IEL: 92% (43/47), HG-IEL: 94% (43/46), and cancer: 98% (46/47) (p<0.001, linear trend). Concerning the HSV-2: group without uterine cervix lesions: 27% (12/45), LG-IEL: 58% (22/38), HG-IEL: 78% (35/45), and cancer: 59 % (29/49) (p<0.001, linear trend). There was an increase in the reactivity ratio for the two markers in the pathological groups (LG-IEL, HG-IEL and uterine cervix cancer, at p<0.001) compared to controls. There was no significant difference between the LG-IEL and the HG-IEL groups. CONCLUSIONS: a progressive increase of reactivity ratios of the studied immunohistochemical markers as a function of lesion severity was observed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(2):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000200003
PURPOSE: to demonstrate the expression of biomarkers, detected by immunohistochemical techniques in healthy tissues, as well as in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. METHODS: in order to evaluate the immunohistochemical reactivity of tissues from the uterine cervix to p16 and to type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), 187 samples of low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LG-IEL) and high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HG-IEL), and of uterine cervix carcinoma were compared with a group of patients without uterine cervix lesions. Statistical analysis was done by the chi2 test for trends. The significance level was alpha=0.05. RESULTS: the reactivity to p16 was assessed showing the following distribution: group without uterine cervix lesions: 56% (24/43), LG-IEL: 92% (43/47), HG-IEL: 94% (43/46), and cancer: 98% (46/47) (p<0.001, linear trend). Concerning the HSV-2: group without uterine cervix lesions: 27% (12/45), LG-IEL: 58% (22/38), HG-IEL: 78% (35/45), and cancer: 59 % (29/49) (p<0.001, linear trend). There was an increase in the reactivity ratio for the two markers in the pathological groups (LG-IEL, HG-IEL and uterine cervix cancer, at p<0.001) compared to controls. There was no significant difference between the LG-IEL and the HG-IEL groups. CONCLUSIONS: a progressive increase of reactivity ratios of the studied immunohistochemical markers as a function of lesion severity was observed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):61-66
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):61-66
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100009
PURPOSE: to study the frequency of recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm and to analyze whether the features and the outcome of the repetitive disease lead to a higher risk of invasion or of malignization and the need for more courses of chemotherapy and more aggressive regimens. METHODS: twenty-nine patients with recurrent hydatidiform mole were followed up at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Trophoblastic Disease Center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between 1960 and 2001, showing an incidence of 1.28% (29/2262). The medical charts were examined to determine the patient's age, number of pregnancies, parity, clinical presentation and chemotherapy. A total of fifty-eight trophoblastic neoplasm episodes occurred in these 29 patients and all were reviewed regarding their pathology. Statistical data were determined by the chi2 test with Yates correction and analysis was performed using Epi-Info software for Windows 2000. RESULTS: invasive mole or choriocarcinoma occurred at the first event of hydatidiform mole in only one patient (1/29 - 3.44%), whereas invasion or malignization occurred in the second event in seven patients (7/29 - 24,13%) [OR: 8.9; CI 95%: 1.5 - 41; p<0.05]. CONCLUSION: recurrent molar pregnancy was associated with histological worsening and an increase in the incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the consecutive episodes of hydatidiform mole, more frequent and aggressive chemotherapy being necessary.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100009
PURPOSE: to study the frequency of recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm and to analyze whether the features and the outcome of the repetitive disease lead to a higher risk of invasion or of malignization and the need for more courses of chemotherapy and more aggressive regimens. METHODS: twenty-nine patients with recurrent hydatidiform mole were followed up at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Trophoblastic Disease Center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between 1960 and 2001, showing an incidence of 1.28% (29/2262). The medical charts were examined to determine the patient's age, number of pregnancies, parity, clinical presentation and chemotherapy. A total of fifty-eight trophoblastic neoplasm episodes occurred in these 29 patients and all were reviewed regarding their pathology. Statistical data were determined by the chi2 test with Yates correction and analysis was performed using Epi-Info software for Windows 2000. RESULTS: invasive mole or choriocarcinoma occurred at the first event of hydatidiform mole in only one patient (1/29 - 3.44%), whereas invasion or malignization occurred in the second event in seven patients (7/29 - 24,13%) [OR: 8.9; CI 95%: 1.5 - 41; p<0.05]. CONCLUSION: recurrent molar pregnancy was associated with histological worsening and an increase in the incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the consecutive episodes of hydatidiform mole, more frequent and aggressive chemotherapy being necessary.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(2):61-65
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000200002
PURPOSE: to analyze the occurrence of conjoined twins at a tertiary perinatology reference university hospital over a period of 25 years (January 1982 to January 2007) and to describe the successful separation of one of the pairs. METHODS: we consulted retrospectively the database of the University Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine the number of pairs of conjoined twins, their frequency, classification, gender, type of pregnancy resolution, attempted surgical separation, prenatal diagnosis and survival. RESULTS: we detected 14 pairs of conjoined twins (1/22,284 live births and 1/90 pairs of twin live births) born during this period (six males, seven females and one of indeterminate sex). The prenatal diagnosis was performed in all twins and all births were accomplished by cesarean section. The separation was possible in only one pair, which survives in excellent health conditions after eight years. Of the remaining 13, ten died on the day of birth and three survived only a few months (less than one year). CONCLUSION: Although our study revealed an abnormally high number of conjoined twins, this is a rare phenomenon, with a poor perinatal prognosis depending on the organs shared by the twins and associated malformations, especially those related to the fetal heart. Due to the poor prognosis of these pairs and to the maternal reproductive impairment caused by the need to perform body cesareans, we suggest that, based on these numbers, early interruption of these pregnancies be legally granted, as in the case of other diseases incompatible with fetal survival outside the uterus. Thus, the confirmation of a diagnosis of conjoined twins and the resolution of pregnancy should be performed at a tertiary obstetric and perinatal care center, and an authorization for the interruption of pregnancy should be obtained by judicial means.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(2):61-65
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000200002
PURPOSE: to analyze the occurrence of conjoined twins at a tertiary perinatology reference university hospital over a period of 25 years (January 1982 to January 2007) and to describe the successful separation of one of the pairs. METHODS: we consulted retrospectively the database of the University Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine the number of pairs of conjoined twins, their frequency, classification, gender, type of pregnancy resolution, attempted surgical separation, prenatal diagnosis and survival. RESULTS: we detected 14 pairs of conjoined twins (1/22,284 live births and 1/90 pairs of twin live births) born during this period (six males, seven females and one of indeterminate sex). The prenatal diagnosis was performed in all twins and all births were accomplished by cesarean section. The separation was possible in only one pair, which survives in excellent health conditions after eight years. Of the remaining 13, ten died on the day of birth and three survived only a few months (less than one year). CONCLUSION: Although our study revealed an abnormally high number of conjoined twins, this is a rare phenomenon, with a poor perinatal prognosis depending on the organs shared by the twins and associated malformations, especially those related to the fetal heart. Due to the poor prognosis of these pairs and to the maternal reproductive impairment caused by the need to perform body cesareans, we suggest that, based on these numbers, early interruption of these pregnancies be legally granted, as in the case of other diseases incompatible with fetal survival outside the uterus. Thus, the confirmation of a diagnosis of conjoined twins and the resolution of pregnancy should be performed at a tertiary obstetric and perinatal care center, and an authorization for the interruption of pregnancy should be obtained by judicial means.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(9):610-610
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000900012
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(9):610-610
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000900012