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Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(9):561-566
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000900010
Preterm delivery is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. About 75% of preterm births follow preterm labor. The pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth is complex and its clinical management is based on a careful assessment of the risks for mother and infant and on continuing the pregnancy versus delivery. The goal of the present article is to review the diagnosis of preterm labor, the tocolytic treatment, glucocorticoid therapy, antimicrobial treatment, and management of progressive preterm labor.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(9):561-566
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000900010
Preterm delivery is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. About 75% of preterm births follow preterm labor. The pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth is complex and its clinical management is based on a careful assessment of the risks for mother and infant and on continuing the pregnancy versus delivery. The goal of the present article is to review the diagnosis of preterm labor, the tocolytic treatment, glucocorticoid therapy, antimicrobial treatment, and management of progressive preterm labor.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(11):561-565
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008001100006
PURPOSE: to evaluate the influence of age on the quality of semen in men submitted to spermatic analysis in a human reproduction service, in cases of conjugal infertility. METHODS: a retrospective study in which the spermiograms of all men in process of investigation for conjugal infertility in a service of assisted reproduction in the Northeast of Brazil were evaluated from September 2002 to December 2004. A number of 531 individuals submitted to 531 spermatic evaluations were included in the study. The following parameters have been analyzed: spermatic volume, concentration, motility and morphology. The men under investigation have been divided in groups, according to the results obtained in each of the variables studied. Seminal volume groups were divided in: hypospermia, normospermia and hyperspermia. Spermatic concentration groups were divided in: azoospermia, oligospermia, normospermia and polyspermia. Motility groups were divided in: normal motility and asthenospermia. Morphology groups were divided in: normal morphology and teratospermia. The t test has been used to compare the average age of patients in groups with normal and in groups with altered parameters. The program XLSTAT (p<0.05) has been used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: the individuals studied presented an average of 37±7.9 years old, with an average of seminal volume of 3±1.4 mL, a spermatic concentration of 61.4±66.4 spermatozoids by mL of semen, a progressive motility of 44.7±19.4% of the total of spermatozoids and normal morphology of 11.2±6.6% of the spermatozoids. Average age among groups were similar, except for that of individuals with hypospermia, which was significantly higher than the one from men with normospermia (39.6±10.3 versus 36.5±7.3, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: age interferes in an inversely proportional way on the ejaculated volume, but does not influence spermatic concentration, motility and morphology.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(11):561-565
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008001100006
PURPOSE: to evaluate the influence of age on the quality of semen in men submitted to spermatic analysis in a human reproduction service, in cases of conjugal infertility. METHODS: a retrospective study in which the spermiograms of all men in process of investigation for conjugal infertility in a service of assisted reproduction in the Northeast of Brazil were evaluated from September 2002 to December 2004. A number of 531 individuals submitted to 531 spermatic evaluations were included in the study. The following parameters have been analyzed: spermatic volume, concentration, motility and morphology. The men under investigation have been divided in groups, according to the results obtained in each of the variables studied. Seminal volume groups were divided in: hypospermia, normospermia and hyperspermia. Spermatic concentration groups were divided in: azoospermia, oligospermia, normospermia and polyspermia. Motility groups were divided in: normal motility and asthenospermia. Morphology groups were divided in: normal morphology and teratospermia. The t test has been used to compare the average age of patients in groups with normal and in groups with altered parameters. The program XLSTAT (p<0.05) has been used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: the individuals studied presented an average of 37±7.9 years old, with an average of seminal volume of 3±1.4 mL, a spermatic concentration of 61.4±66.4 spermatozoids by mL of semen, a progressive motility of 44.7±19.4% of the total of spermatozoids and normal morphology of 11.2±6.6% of the spermatozoids. Average age among groups were similar, except for that of individuals with hypospermia, which was significantly higher than the one from men with normospermia (39.6±10.3 versus 36.5±7.3, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: age interferes in an inversely proportional way on the ejaculated volume, but does not influence spermatic concentration, motility and morphology.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(11):561-567
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001100003
PURPOSE: to verify the association of abortion, recurrent fetal loss, miscarriage and severe pre-eclampsia with the presence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women. METHODS: observational and transverse study of 48 pregnant women with past medical record of miscarriage, repeated abortion and fetal loss story (AB Group) and severe pre-eclampsia (PE Group), attended to in the High Risk Pregnancy Ambulatory of the Faculdade de Medicina (Famed) from the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) from November 2006 to July 2007. The pregnant women of both groups were screened for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin IgG and IgM, lupic anticoagulant and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) and hereditary thrombophilias (protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and factor V Leiden mutation). The laboratorial screening was performed during the pregnancy. The parametric data (maternal age and parity) were analyzed with Student’s tau test. The non-parametric data (presence/absence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies, presence/absence of pre-eclampsia, fetal loss, miscarriage and repeated abortion) were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test in contingency tables. It was considered significant the association with p value <0.05. RESULTS: out of the 48 pregnant women, 31 (65%) were included in AB Group and 17 (35%) in PE Group. There was no significant difference between maternal age and parity within the groups. There was significant statistical association between recurrent fetal loss, recurrent abortions and previous miscarriages and maternal hereditary thrombophilias (p<0.05). There was no statistical association between the AB Group and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Neither there were associations of the PE Group with maternal hereditary thrombophilias and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: the data obtained suggest routine laboratorial investigation for hereditary thrombophilias in pregnant women with previous obstetrical story of recurrent fetal loss, repeated abortion and miscarriage.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(11):561-567
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001100003
PURPOSE: to verify the association of abortion, recurrent fetal loss, miscarriage and severe pre-eclampsia with the presence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women. METHODS: observational and transverse study of 48 pregnant women with past medical record of miscarriage, repeated abortion and fetal loss story (AB Group) and severe pre-eclampsia (PE Group), attended to in the High Risk Pregnancy Ambulatory of the Faculdade de Medicina (Famed) from the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) from November 2006 to July 2007. The pregnant women of both groups were screened for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin IgG and IgM, lupic anticoagulant and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) and hereditary thrombophilias (protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and factor V Leiden mutation). The laboratorial screening was performed during the pregnancy. The parametric data (maternal age and parity) were analyzed with Student’s tau test. The non-parametric data (presence/absence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies, presence/absence of pre-eclampsia, fetal loss, miscarriage and repeated abortion) were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test in contingency tables. It was considered significant the association with p value <0.05. RESULTS: out of the 48 pregnant women, 31 (65%) were included in AB Group and 17 (35%) in PE Group. There was no significant difference between maternal age and parity within the groups. There was significant statistical association between recurrent fetal loss, recurrent abortions and previous miscarriages and maternal hereditary thrombophilias (p<0.05). There was no statistical association between the AB Group and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Neither there were associations of the PE Group with maternal hereditary thrombophilias and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: the data obtained suggest routine laboratorial investigation for hereditary thrombophilias in pregnant women with previous obstetrical story of recurrent fetal loss, repeated abortion and miscarriage.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):561-561
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):561-561
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):561-561
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800011
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):561-561
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800011
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):562-562
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800012
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):562-562
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800012
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):562-568
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005161
To verify the existence of associations between different maternal ages and the perinatal outcomes of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil.
A cross-sectional study using a sample of 5,063 hospital births was conducted in São Luís, from January to December 2010. The participants comprise the birth cohort for the study "Etiological factors of preterm birth and consequences of perinatal factors for infant health: birth cohorts from two Brazilian cities" (BRISA). Frequencies and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the results. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to assess the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of maternal age associated with the following outcomes: preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction.
The percentage of early teenage pregnancy (12–15 years old) was 2.2%, and of late (16–19 years old) was 16.4%, while pregnancy at an advanced maternal age (>35 years) was 5.9%. Multivariate analyses showed a statistically significant increase in preterm births among females aged 12–15 years old (OR=1.6; p=0.04) compared with those aged 20–35 years. There was also a higher rate in preterm births among females aged 16–19 years old (OR=1.3; p=0.01). Among those with advanced maternal age (>35 years old), the increase in the prevalence of preterm birth had only borderline statistical significance (OR=1.4; p=0.05). There was no statistically significant association between maternal age and increased prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):562-568
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005161
To verify the existence of associations between different maternal ages and the perinatal outcomes of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil.
A cross-sectional study using a sample of 5,063 hospital births was conducted in São Luís, from January to December 2010. The participants comprise the birth cohort for the study "Etiological factors of preterm birth and consequences of perinatal factors for infant health: birth cohorts from two Brazilian cities" (BRISA). Frequencies and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the results. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to assess the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of maternal age associated with the following outcomes: preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction.
The percentage of early teenage pregnancy (12–15 years old) was 2.2%, and of late (16–19 years old) was 16.4%, while pregnancy at an advanced maternal age (>35 years) was 5.9%. Multivariate analyses showed a statistically significant increase in preterm births among females aged 12–15 years old (OR=1.6; p=0.04) compared with those aged 20–35 years. There was also a higher rate in preterm births among females aged 16–19 years old (OR=1.3; p=0.01). Among those with advanced maternal age (>35 years old), the increase in the prevalence of preterm birth had only borderline statistical significance (OR=1.4; p=0.05). There was no statistically significant association between maternal age and increased prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(12):562-568
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013001200006
PURPOSE: To assess the contribution of hyperandrogenism to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on 60 obese women with classic PCOS phenotype - Rotterdam Consensus - and 70 non-PCOS obese women. MetS was diagnosed by the NCEP-ATP III criteria and obesity was defined by body mass index. The Ferriman-Gallwey score (mFG) was used to evaluate hirsutism. The following measurements were performed: total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), glucose and insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides. Insulin resistance was measured using the HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and De Fronzo (ISI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Obese women with PCOS had significantly higher mFG (15.4±6.1), waist circunference (105.6±11.4 cm), DHEA-S (200.8±109.2 µg/dL), testosterone (135.8±71.4 ng/dL), and HOMA-IR (8.4±8.5) values and lower ISI values (2.0±1.8) than non-obese PCOS women (3.2±2.1; 101.4±9.2 cm; 155.0±92.7 µg/dL; 50.0±18.2 ng/dL; 5.1±4.7 and 3.3±2.7, respectively) (p<0.05). The frequency of MetS was higher in PCOS obese (75%) than non-PCOS obese (52.8%) women (p=0.015). Multivariate analysis did not reveal the contribution of the variables IFG, testosterone, and DHEAS to the development of MetS (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese women with PCOS have a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome than non-PCOS obese women, and hyperandrogenism does not contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in this group of women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(12):562-568
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013001200006
PURPOSE: To assess the contribution of hyperandrogenism to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on 60 obese women with classic PCOS phenotype - Rotterdam Consensus - and 70 non-PCOS obese women. MetS was diagnosed by the NCEP-ATP III criteria and obesity was defined by body mass index. The Ferriman-Gallwey score (mFG) was used to evaluate hirsutism. The following measurements were performed: total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), glucose and insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides. Insulin resistance was measured using the HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and De Fronzo (ISI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Obese women with PCOS had significantly higher mFG (15.4±6.1), waist circunference (105.6±11.4 cm), DHEA-S (200.8±109.2 µg/dL), testosterone (135.8±71.4 ng/dL), and HOMA-IR (8.4±8.5) values and lower ISI values (2.0±1.8) than non-obese PCOS women (3.2±2.1; 101.4±9.2 cm; 155.0±92.7 µg/dL; 50.0±18.2 ng/dL; 5.1±4.7 and 3.3±2.7, respectively) (p<0.05). The frequency of MetS was higher in PCOS obese (75%) than non-PCOS obese (52.8%) women (p=0.015). Multivariate analysis did not reveal the contribution of the variables IFG, testosterone, and DHEAS to the development of MetS (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Obese women with PCOS have a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome than non-PCOS obese women, and hyperandrogenism does not contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in this group of women.