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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(1):26-32
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000100005
PURPOSE: to compare the pain reported by patients submitted to hysteroscopy by the standard technique with carbon dioxide (CO2) and to vaginal hysteroscopy with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). METHODS: this was a prospective cohort study conducted at an ambulatory hysteroscopy service. A total of 117 patients with indication for the exam were included, being randomly assigned to one of the groups. All patients answered an epidemiological questionnaire and scored the pain expected before the exam and that felt after the end of the procedure on a verbal pain scale from 0 to 10. A speculum, traction of the cervix, insertion of a 30º light source and a diagnostic shirt with a total diameter of 5 mm were used for the standard technique. The cavity was distended with CO2 under a pressure of 100 mmHg controlled with a hysteroflator, and a biopsy was obtained with a Novak curette. Vaginoscopy was performed without a touch by distention of the vagina with fluid, direct visualization of the cervix and introduction of the light source with two continuous-flow shirts, with an accessory channel with an oval profile, the whole set measuring 5 mm in diameter. The medium distention was 0.9% NaCl and the pressure used was that considered to be necessary for an adequate visualization of the canal and of the cavity with an external pneumatic pressurizer. The biopsy was obtained in a directed manner using an endoscopic clamp. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the quantitative variables and the frequency was calculated for the qualitative variables. The Student's t-test was used to compare the means, and the chi-square or exact Fisher test was used (when n<5) for the categorical analysis using the SPSS 15.0 software. The study was designed for a 95% test power, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: the groups were similar regarding age, parity, previous uterine surgeries, menopausal status, and the need for a biopsy. In comparison to the group submitted to the standard technique, the vaginoscopy group involved a lower technical difficulty (5.1 versus 17.2%, p=0.03), a higher rate of exams considered to be satisfactory (98.3 versus 89.7%, p=0.04) and a lower pain index (4.8 versus 6.1; p=0.01), as the difference were more evident when patients who never had a previous normal delivery were compared (4.9 versus 7.1; p=0.0001). When the pain scale was stratified as mild (0-4), moderate (5-7) or intense (8-10), the vaginoscopy technique was found to be associated with a 52% reduction of the frequency of intense pain (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: vaginohysteroscopy was proved to be a less painful procedure than the technique based on the use of a speculum and CO2, regardless of age, menopause or parity, with more satisfactory results and lower technical difficulty.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(1):26-32
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000100005
PURPOSE: to compare the pain reported by patients submitted to hysteroscopy by the standard technique with carbon dioxide (CO2) and to vaginal hysteroscopy with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). METHODS: this was a prospective cohort study conducted at an ambulatory hysteroscopy service. A total of 117 patients with indication for the exam were included, being randomly assigned to one of the groups. All patients answered an epidemiological questionnaire and scored the pain expected before the exam and that felt after the end of the procedure on a verbal pain scale from 0 to 10. A speculum, traction of the cervix, insertion of a 30º light source and a diagnostic shirt with a total diameter of 5 mm were used for the standard technique. The cavity was distended with CO2 under a pressure of 100 mmHg controlled with a hysteroflator, and a biopsy was obtained with a Novak curette. Vaginoscopy was performed without a touch by distention of the vagina with fluid, direct visualization of the cervix and introduction of the light source with two continuous-flow shirts, with an accessory channel with an oval profile, the whole set measuring 5 mm in diameter. The medium distention was 0.9% NaCl and the pressure used was that considered to be necessary for an adequate visualization of the canal and of the cavity with an external pneumatic pressurizer. The biopsy was obtained in a directed manner using an endoscopic clamp. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the quantitative variables and the frequency was calculated for the qualitative variables. The Student's t-test was used to compare the means, and the chi-square or exact Fisher test was used (when n<5) for the categorical analysis using the SPSS 15.0 software. The study was designed for a 95% test power, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: the groups were similar regarding age, parity, previous uterine surgeries, menopausal status, and the need for a biopsy. In comparison to the group submitted to the standard technique, the vaginoscopy group involved a lower technical difficulty (5.1 versus 17.2%, p=0.03), a higher rate of exams considered to be satisfactory (98.3 versus 89.7%, p=0.04) and a lower pain index (4.8 versus 6.1; p=0.01), as the difference were more evident when patients who never had a previous normal delivery were compared (4.9 versus 7.1; p=0.0001). When the pain scale was stratified as mild (0-4), moderate (5-7) or intense (8-10), the vaginoscopy technique was found to be associated with a 52% reduction of the frequency of intense pain (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: vaginohysteroscopy was proved to be a less painful procedure than the technique based on the use of a speculum and CO2, regardless of age, menopause or parity, with more satisfactory results and lower technical difficulty.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(6):274-280
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000600007
PURPOSE: To analyze the perinatal and pediatric outcome of fetuses that showed nuchal translucency (NT) above the 95th percentile (P95) and a normal karyotype in order to obtain data allowing better maternal prenatal counseling. METHODS: fetuses from a tertiary obstetric service with an NT above P95 and a normal karyotype were analyzed between 2005 and 2011. We analyzed gestational ultrasound follow-up, fetal and postnatal echocardiography (ECHO), weight, length and Apgar score at birth, and neuropsychomotor development by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) up to July 2012. RESULTS: During this period, there were 116 cases of nuchal translucency above the 95th percentile, and the fetal karyotype was determined in 79 of them (68%). Forty-three analyses were normal (54.4%) and 36 were altered (45.6%). Among the fetuses with a normal karyotype, one was miscarried at 15 weeks of gestation with Cantrel pentalogy and one died at 24 weeks with several structural abnormalities. There was one neonatal death of unknown cause and two cases of intraventricular communication (IVC) detected by fetal ECHO. Postnatal echocardiography revealed the persistence of IVC in one case and one case of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Of the 40 surviving children, only 1 showed delayed speech development and another presented autism. The remaining cases resulted in normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: During the monitoring of fetuses with increased NT and a normal karyotype, parents can be best advised that when a 2nd trimester morphological-echocardiography ultrasound study is normal, the probability of the child being born alive and well is high (93.5%).
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(6):274-280
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000600007
PURPOSE: To analyze the perinatal and pediatric outcome of fetuses that showed nuchal translucency (NT) above the 95th percentile (P95) and a normal karyotype in order to obtain data allowing better maternal prenatal counseling. METHODS: fetuses from a tertiary obstetric service with an NT above P95 and a normal karyotype were analyzed between 2005 and 2011. We analyzed gestational ultrasound follow-up, fetal and postnatal echocardiography (ECHO), weight, length and Apgar score at birth, and neuropsychomotor development by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) up to July 2012. RESULTS: During this period, there were 116 cases of nuchal translucency above the 95th percentile, and the fetal karyotype was determined in 79 of them (68%). Forty-three analyses were normal (54.4%) and 36 were altered (45.6%). Among the fetuses with a normal karyotype, one was miscarried at 15 weeks of gestation with Cantrel pentalogy and one died at 24 weeks with several structural abnormalities. There was one neonatal death of unknown cause and two cases of intraventricular communication (IVC) detected by fetal ECHO. Postnatal echocardiography revealed the persistence of IVC in one case and one case of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Of the 40 surviving children, only 1 showed delayed speech development and another presented autism. The remaining cases resulted in normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: During the monitoring of fetuses with increased NT and a normal karyotype, parents can be best advised that when a 2nd trimester morphological-echocardiography ultrasound study is normal, the probability of the child being born alive and well is high (93.5%).
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):345-351
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500007
PURPOSE: to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of patient age, ultrasound result and CA-125 marker variables for the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. In addition, to establish a risk of malignancy index (RMI) incorporating these three variables and to estimate its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the differential diagnosis. METHODS: one hundred patients with ovarian tumors with surgical indication were included. The age, ultrasonographic findings and CA-125 level variables were evaluated separately and later on together as the RMI. The study was performed based on the evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy and the use of the measurements: likelihood ratio, odds ratio, and the Student's t test, chi², and logistic regression with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: for the age variable, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 58.8, 68.2 and 65.0%, respectively. For ultrasound, 88.2, 77.3 and 81.0%. For CA-125 dosage, the values were 64.7, 74.2 and 71.0%. When the three variables were put together, as the RMI, a sensitivity of 76.5%, a specificity of 87.9% and a diagnostic accuracy of 84.0% were observed. CONCLUSIONS: RMI, made up of the association of patient age, ultrasound results and CA-125 dosage variables is a valuable indicator to distinguish between malignant and benign ovarian tumor, especially in regard to its specificity.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):345-351
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500007
PURPOSE: to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of patient age, ultrasound result and CA-125 marker variables for the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. In addition, to establish a risk of malignancy index (RMI) incorporating these three variables and to estimate its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the differential diagnosis. METHODS: one hundred patients with ovarian tumors with surgical indication were included. The age, ultrasonographic findings and CA-125 level variables were evaluated separately and later on together as the RMI. The study was performed based on the evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy and the use of the measurements: likelihood ratio, odds ratio, and the Student's t test, chi², and logistic regression with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: for the age variable, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 58.8, 68.2 and 65.0%, respectively. For ultrasound, 88.2, 77.3 and 81.0%. For CA-125 dosage, the values were 64.7, 74.2 and 71.0%. When the three variables were put together, as the RMI, a sensitivity of 76.5%, a specificity of 87.9% and a diagnostic accuracy of 84.0% were observed. CONCLUSIONS: RMI, made up of the association of patient age, ultrasound results and CA-125 dosage variables is a valuable indicator to distinguish between malignant and benign ovarian tumor, especially in regard to its specificity.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(7):445-448
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000700006
Purpose: to evaluate the results of 64 hysteroscopic endometrial ablations using a resectoscope in women with abnormal uterine bleeding of benign etiology and nonresponsive to clinical measures and to describe the failures and their associated conditions. Methods: sixty-four patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were submitted to the intervention between April 1994 and February 2000. The mean age was 42.9 years and the mean parity, 2.6 deliveries. Diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed preoperatively. Before surgery, two women received gestrinone, six danazol and 44 GnRH analogue. During the surgery electric cauterization of the fundus uteri and cornual regions was made. Afterwards, with a resectoscope, the endometrium was removed as far as 1 cm above the internal ostium, and as deep as 2 to 3 mm into the myometrium. The uterine distension was obtained with 1.5% glycine and since two years ago with 3% manitol. The average follow-up was 11.5 months. After six months of endometrial ablation, the patients with persistence of symptoms were submitted to hysterectomy. Results: amenorrhea occurred in 31.2% of the patients and hypomenorrhea in 45.3%. The abnormal bleeding was maintained in 23.5%. There was one uterine perforation during the dilatation of the cervix. Results were better in the higher age and parity ranges and in the women who received GnRH analogues (p=0.03). Where the method was not successful there was a statistically significant frequency of submucous myoma (p=0.04) and a nonsignificant increase of secretory endometrium (p=0.12). Conclusions: the method is useful for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding of benign etiology. Previous administration of GnRH analogue is recommended. We suggest a special follow-up for the younger, low parous women, and those with submucous myoma, because they are the group with the poorest results.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(7):445-448
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000700006
Purpose: to evaluate the results of 64 hysteroscopic endometrial ablations using a resectoscope in women with abnormal uterine bleeding of benign etiology and nonresponsive to clinical measures and to describe the failures and their associated conditions. Methods: sixty-four patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were submitted to the intervention between April 1994 and February 2000. The mean age was 42.9 years and the mean parity, 2.6 deliveries. Diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were performed preoperatively. Before surgery, two women received gestrinone, six danazol and 44 GnRH analogue. During the surgery electric cauterization of the fundus uteri and cornual regions was made. Afterwards, with a resectoscope, the endometrium was removed as far as 1 cm above the internal ostium, and as deep as 2 to 3 mm into the myometrium. The uterine distension was obtained with 1.5% glycine and since two years ago with 3% manitol. The average follow-up was 11.5 months. After six months of endometrial ablation, the patients with persistence of symptoms were submitted to hysterectomy. Results: amenorrhea occurred in 31.2% of the patients and hypomenorrhea in 45.3%. The abnormal bleeding was maintained in 23.5%. There was one uterine perforation during the dilatation of the cervix. Results were better in the higher age and parity ranges and in the women who received GnRH analogues (p=0.03). Where the method was not successful there was a statistically significant frequency of submucous myoma (p=0.04) and a nonsignificant increase of secretory endometrium (p=0.12). Conclusions: the method is useful for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding of benign etiology. Previous administration of GnRH analogue is recommended. We suggest a special follow-up for the younger, low parous women, and those with submucous myoma, because they are the group with the poorest results.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(9):470-477
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000900006
PURPOSE: to assess the prevalence of the risk of post-partum depression in women in the post-natal ward of a hospital in São Paulo city, in the southeastern region of Brazil, and analyze the associated factors, including domestic violence (DV). METHODS: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The participants were 133 women with at least 20 weeks of gestation age, who delivered their babies from August to September 2005 in a tertiary maternity in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). They were interviewed using the Portuguese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen for the diagnosis of violence and filled out a self-evaluation questionnaire for post-partum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. The chi2 or Fisher exact tests were used to analyze possible associations between the variables of interest and post-partum depression. The value of 5% was considered significant. RESULTS: risk for post-partum depression was detected in 24 women (18%). A total of 38.3% of the participants interviewed had a history of abuse. There was an association between DV after they were 15 years old and risk of depression (p=0.036). The prevalence of abuse in the group of women at risk for post-partum depression was 58.3% and this was significantly higher than the 33.9% observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: the probability of presenting depression was high among the post-partum women attended at a tertiary maternity in the southeast of Brazil. The DV after they were 15 years old was significantly associated with risk of post-partum depression.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(9):470-477
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000900006
PURPOSE: to assess the prevalence of the risk of post-partum depression in women in the post-natal ward of a hospital in São Paulo city, in the southeastern region of Brazil, and analyze the associated factors, including domestic violence (DV). METHODS: this was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The participants were 133 women with at least 20 weeks of gestation age, who delivered their babies from August to September 2005 in a tertiary maternity in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). They were interviewed using the Portuguese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen for the diagnosis of violence and filled out a self-evaluation questionnaire for post-partum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. The chi2 or Fisher exact tests were used to analyze possible associations between the variables of interest and post-partum depression. The value of 5% was considered significant. RESULTS: risk for post-partum depression was detected in 24 women (18%). A total of 38.3% of the participants interviewed had a history of abuse. There was an association between DV after they were 15 years old and risk of depression (p=0.036). The prevalence of abuse in the group of women at risk for post-partum depression was 58.3% and this was significantly higher than the 33.9% observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: the probability of presenting depression was high among the post-partum women attended at a tertiary maternity in the southeast of Brazil. The DV after they were 15 years old was significantly associated with risk of post-partum depression.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(10):519-524
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001000005
PURPOSE: to identify the impact of pelvic reconstructive surgery on female sexual function, as well as the changes in vaginal anatomy, and to detect possible correlations between them. METHODS: a prospective, descriptive study, including 43 sexually active women with genital dystopy, undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, conducted between October 2004 and September 2006. The women completed the same multiple-choice questionnaire regarding sexual function, and analogic scales to quantify the degree of desire, arousal and satisfaction, and were clinically assessed using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system, before the surgery and three and six months after it. Statistical analysis was performed through the Bowker test for symmetry, Wilcoxon test, Student t test, chi2 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate, with statistical significance set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: all 43 women completed the follow-up at three and six months after the surgery, but two of them lost their partners after the surgery. Quality of sexual life improved significantly (p=0.03). Symptoms such as dyspareunia (25.6% before versus 17.1% after surgery), discomfort (27.9 versus 0%), embarrassment (20.9% versus 0%) and fear (2.3% versus 0%) significantly improved (p<0.001). Analogical scales scores regarding desire (5 versus 7, p=0.001), arousal (6 versus 8, p<0.001) and satisfaction with sexual life (5 versus 7, p<0.001) also improved. There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) of the POP-Q stages after the surgery. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between changes in vaginal dimensions and changes in sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: after pelvic reconstructive surgery, there was a significant improvement in the quality of sexual life and of the POP-Q stages. However, there was no correlation between them.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(10):519-524
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001000005
PURPOSE: to identify the impact of pelvic reconstructive surgery on female sexual function, as well as the changes in vaginal anatomy, and to detect possible correlations between them. METHODS: a prospective, descriptive study, including 43 sexually active women with genital dystopy, undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, conducted between October 2004 and September 2006. The women completed the same multiple-choice questionnaire regarding sexual function, and analogic scales to quantify the degree of desire, arousal and satisfaction, and were clinically assessed using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system, before the surgery and three and six months after it. Statistical analysis was performed through the Bowker test for symmetry, Wilcoxon test, Student t test, chi2 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate, with statistical significance set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: all 43 women completed the follow-up at three and six months after the surgery, but two of them lost their partners after the surgery. Quality of sexual life improved significantly (p=0.03). Symptoms such as dyspareunia (25.6% before versus 17.1% after surgery), discomfort (27.9 versus 0%), embarrassment (20.9% versus 0%) and fear (2.3% versus 0%) significantly improved (p<0.001). Analogical scales scores regarding desire (5 versus 7, p=0.001), arousal (6 versus 8, p<0.001) and satisfaction with sexual life (5 versus 7, p<0.001) also improved. There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) of the POP-Q stages after the surgery. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between changes in vaginal dimensions and changes in sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: after pelvic reconstructive surgery, there was a significant improvement in the quality of sexual life and of the POP-Q stages. However, there was no correlation between them.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(10):615-618
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000001000003
SUMMARY Purpose: to evaluate the videolaparoscopic surgical mana-gement of 32 patients with ovarian endometrioma. Method: retrospective study of thirty-two patients admitted to the Gynecologic Endoscopy Section - Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual "Francisco Morato de Oliveira" - São Paulo - Brazil with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma, who have been submitted to videolaparoscopic surgery. Eleven of them had endometriomas less than 3 cm and had the tumor emptied and the capsule excised at the first laparoscopy. Twenty-one patients with endometriomas larger than 3 cm were submitted to emptying and washing of the cyst at the first laparoscopy. These women used GnRH analogues for four months (1 dose each month) and were then submitted to a second laparoscopy when the capsule was excised. Histopathologic study was performed in the surgical tissues of all cases. The early results of the procedure and the recurrence rate were evaluated. Results: there were no surgical intercurrent episodes or postsurgical complications. The problem was solved in all but three patients among the 21 with endometriomas larger than 3 cm. These patients presented recurrence of the disease within a period of 6 to 12 months. Conclusion: the videolaparoscopic surgical management of ovarian endometriomas, with capsule excision, showed good results and small number of recurrences.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(10):615-618
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000001000003
SUMMARY Purpose: to evaluate the videolaparoscopic surgical mana-gement of 32 patients with ovarian endometrioma. Method: retrospective study of thirty-two patients admitted to the Gynecologic Endoscopy Section - Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual "Francisco Morato de Oliveira" - São Paulo - Brazil with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma, who have been submitted to videolaparoscopic surgery. Eleven of them had endometriomas less than 3 cm and had the tumor emptied and the capsule excised at the first laparoscopy. Twenty-one patients with endometriomas larger than 3 cm were submitted to emptying and washing of the cyst at the first laparoscopy. These women used GnRH analogues for four months (1 dose each month) and were then submitted to a second laparoscopy when the capsule was excised. Histopathologic study was performed in the surgical tissues of all cases. The early results of the procedure and the recurrence rate were evaluated. Results: there were no surgical intercurrent episodes or postsurgical complications. The problem was solved in all but three patients among the 21 with endometriomas larger than 3 cm. These patients presented recurrence of the disease within a period of 6 to 12 months. Conclusion: the videolaparoscopic surgical management of ovarian endometriomas, with capsule excision, showed good results and small number of recurrences.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):697-701
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900004
PURPOSE: to evaluate perinatal results in pregnant women over 35 years old and to check differences between two groups: 35 to 39-year-old women and women older than 40. METHODS: a retrospective survey was made during the period between January/2000 and July/2003, through the analysis of obstetric charts of 3,093 pregnant women who delivered in the "Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual - Francisco Morato de Oliveira", excluding 933 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 18 to 29 years old (control group), 35 to 39 years old, and over 40 years old. Data collection was done with standardized forms, and the data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet (Excel - Microsoft Office 2000). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test and the Fisher test. The alpha risk was less or equal to 5% and the confidence interval 95%. RESULTS: cesarean section was the most used method not only in the 35 to 39-year-old group (438/792; 55.3%) but also in the group of women over 40 (153/236; 64.8%). The rates of prematurity (39/236; 16.5%), low weight (37/236; 15.7%), and restriction of fetal growth (38/236; 16.1%) were significantly higher in the group of women over 40, when compared to the other groups. Concerning fetal death, a five times higher incidence was observed in the group over 40 years old, as compared to the other groups, a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: the only difference between the 35 to 39-year-old group and the control group was the cesarean section rate. This allows us to suggest a differentiated prenatal attendance for pregnant women over 40.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):697-701
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900004
PURPOSE: to evaluate perinatal results in pregnant women over 35 years old and to check differences between two groups: 35 to 39-year-old women and women older than 40. METHODS: a retrospective survey was made during the period between January/2000 and July/2003, through the analysis of obstetric charts of 3,093 pregnant women who delivered in the "Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual - Francisco Morato de Oliveira", excluding 933 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 18 to 29 years old (control group), 35 to 39 years old, and over 40 years old. Data collection was done with standardized forms, and the data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet (Excel - Microsoft Office 2000). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test and the Fisher test. The alpha risk was less or equal to 5% and the confidence interval 95%. RESULTS: cesarean section was the most used method not only in the 35 to 39-year-old group (438/792; 55.3%) but also in the group of women over 40 (153/236; 64.8%). The rates of prematurity (39/236; 16.5%), low weight (37/236; 15.7%), and restriction of fetal growth (38/236; 16.1%) were significantly higher in the group of women over 40, when compared to the other groups. Concerning fetal death, a five times higher incidence was observed in the group over 40 years old, as compared to the other groups, a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: the only difference between the 35 to 39-year-old group and the control group was the cesarean section rate. This allows us to suggest a differentiated prenatal attendance for pregnant women over 40.