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Purpose: to study the influence of the prenatal care, fetal and maternal factors on the stillbirth rates of a university hospital from the south of Brazil. Methods :a case-control study of the cases of stillbirth occurred before the beginning of labor, from March 1998 to June 2001, at the Hospital Geral of Caxias do Sul University. The controls were selected among live newborns. The analysis of the quality of the prenatal care was based on the criteria established by the Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento of the Brazilian Health Ministry (2000). To evaluate possible risk factors for stillbirth we used the odds ratio (OR). Other confounding factors were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: preterm delivery was more prevalent in the cases of stillbirth (31.7+4.7 vs 38.6+0.9). The average birth weight among the stillborns was 1,705 g (+837 g), while in the controls it was 3,080 g (+576 g). Prenatal care was observed in 81.5% of the stillbirths and in 91.6% of the control group. The initial analysis showed that three factors were associated with stillbirth: inadequate prenatal care (43.6 vs 23.4%), history of previous stillbirth (6.6 vs 0.9%) and maternal age (27+7.9 years vs 24+6.4 years). Nevertheless, after adjustment of these variables through logistic regression, only the maternal age maintained its association with the stillbirth rates. Conclusions: in the present study, the strongest factor associated with the occurrence of stillbirth was the increase in maternal age.