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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo35
, , , , , , We aimed to translate and determine cultural validity of the Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale (VSBE) for Brazilian Portuguese language in postpartum women who underwent vaginal delivery with or without perineal laceration and cesarean section.
A cross-sectional study conducted virtually, with online data collection through a survey with 234 postpartum women of 975 that were invited. Clinical, sociodemographic, and psychometric variables from the VSBE questionnaire were analyzed (content validity index, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct/structural and discriminant validity). Multivariate analysis was performed to explore associated factors with the presence of perineal laceration.
One-hundred fifty-eight women experienced vaginal delivery, of which 24.79% had an intact perineum, 33.33% had perineal laceration, and 9.4% underwent episiotomy; and 76 participants had cesarean sections. Women with perineal laceration were older, presented dyspareunia and previous surgeries than women without perineal laceration (p<0.05). For VSBE, a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.7) was observed, but it did not correlate with Body Attractiveness Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index; however, it correlated with the presence of women sutured for perineal laceration. Moreover, VSBE presented good structural validity with two loading factors after exploratory factor analysis. VSBE also demonstrated discriminant validity between the presence or absence of perineal laceration. The presence of urinary incontinence (UI) (OR=2.716[1.015-4.667];p=0.046) and a higher VSBE total score (OR=1.056[1.037-1.075];p<0.001) were the only factors associated with perineal laceration.
Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale demonstrated appropriate translation and good internal consistency, discriminant/construct validity and reliability. Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale total score and presence of UI were associated with women that underwent perineal laceration.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo35
, , , , , , We aimed to translate and determine cultural validity of the Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale (VSBE) for Brazilian Portuguese language in postpartum women who underwent vaginal delivery with or without perineal laceration and cesarean section.
A cross-sectional study conducted virtually, with online data collection through a survey with 234 postpartum women of 975 that were invited. Clinical, sociodemographic, and psychometric variables from the VSBE questionnaire were analyzed (content validity index, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct/structural and discriminant validity). Multivariate analysis was performed to explore associated factors with the presence of perineal laceration.
One-hundred fifty-eight women experienced vaginal delivery, of which 24.79% had an intact perineum, 33.33% had perineal laceration, and 9.4% underwent episiotomy; and 76 participants had cesarean sections. Women with perineal laceration were older, presented dyspareunia and previous surgeries than women without perineal laceration (p<0.05). For VSBE, a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.7) was observed, but it did not correlate with Body Attractiveness Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index; however, it correlated with the presence of women sutured for perineal laceration. Moreover, VSBE presented good structural validity with two loading factors after exploratory factor analysis. VSBE also demonstrated discriminant validity between the presence or absence of perineal laceration. The presence of urinary incontinence (UI) (OR=2.716[1.015-4.667];p=0.046) and a higher VSBE total score (OR=1.056[1.037-1.075];p<0.001) were the only factors associated with perineal laceration.
Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale demonstrated appropriate translation and good internal consistency, discriminant/construct validity and reliability. Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem Scale total score and presence of UI were associated with women that underwent perineal laceration.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):575-580
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005158
To compare the distributions of patients with clinical-pathological subtypes of luminal B-like breast cancer according to the 2011 and 2013 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference Expert Panel.
We studied 142 women with breast cancer who were positive to estrogen receptor and had been treated in São Paulo state, southeast Brazil. The expression of the following receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry: estrogen, progesterone (PR) and Ki-67. The expression of HER-2 was measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis in tissue microarray.
There were 29 cases of luminal A breast cancers according to the 2011 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference Expert Panel that were classified as luminal B-like in the 2013 version. Among the 65 luminal B-like breast cancer cases, 29 (45%) were previous luminal A tumors, 15 cases (20%) had a Ki-67 >14% and were at least 20% PR positive and 21 cases (35%) had Ki-67 >14% and more than 20% were PR positive.
The 2013 St. Gallen consensus updated the definition of intrinsic molecular subtypes and increased the number of patients classified as having luminal B-like breast cancer in our series, for whom the use of cytotoxic drugs will probably be proposed with additional treatment cost.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):575-580
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005158
To compare the distributions of patients with clinical-pathological subtypes of luminal B-like breast cancer according to the 2011 and 2013 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference Expert Panel.
We studied 142 women with breast cancer who were positive to estrogen receptor and had been treated in São Paulo state, southeast Brazil. The expression of the following receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry: estrogen, progesterone (PR) and Ki-67. The expression of HER-2 was measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis in tissue microarray.
There were 29 cases of luminal A breast cancers according to the 2011 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference Expert Panel that were classified as luminal B-like in the 2013 version. Among the 65 luminal B-like breast cancer cases, 29 (45%) were previous luminal A tumors, 15 cases (20%) had a Ki-67 >14% and were at least 20% PR positive and 21 cases (35%) had Ki-67 >14% and more than 20% were PR positive.
The 2013 St. Gallen consensus updated the definition of intrinsic molecular subtypes and increased the number of patients classified as having luminal B-like breast cancer in our series, for whom the use of cytotoxic drugs will probably be proposed with additional treatment cost.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(9):461-467
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000900007
PURPOSE: to evaluate the expression of erbB-2 and of the estrogen and progesterone (ER/P) hormonal receptors in the transition regions between the in situ and the invasive fractions of ductal breast neoplasia (ISDC and IDC, respectively). METHODS: Eighty-five cases of breast neoplasia, containing contiguous ISDC and IDC areas, were selected. Histological specimens from the ISDC and the IDC areas were obtained through the tissue microarray (TMA) technique. The erbB-2 and the ER/PR expressions were evaluated through conventional immunohistochemistry. The McNemar's test was used for the comparative analysis of the expressions of erbB-2 protein and the ER/PR in the in situ and invasive regions of the tumors. The confidence intervals were set to 5% (p=0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess the cross-tabulation agreement of the erbB-2 and the ER/PR expression in the ISDC and the IDC areas. RESULTS: the erbB-2 expression has not differed between the ISDC and the IDC areas (p=0.38). Comparing the two areas in each case, there was agreement in the expression of erbB-2 (ICC=0.64), PR (ICC=0.71) and ER (ICC=0.64). Restricting the analysis to tumors with the in situ component harboring necrosis (comedo), the ICC for erbB-2 was 0.4, compared to 0.6 for the whole sample. In this select group, the ICC for PR/ER did not differ substantially from those obtained with the complete dataset: as for the ER, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.7 for the entire sample) and for PR, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.6 for the entire sample). CONCLUSIONS: our findings suggest that the erbB-2 and the ER/PR expressions do not differ in the contiguous in situ and invasive components of breast ductal tumors.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(9):461-467
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000900007
PURPOSE: to evaluate the expression of erbB-2 and of the estrogen and progesterone (ER/P) hormonal receptors in the transition regions between the in situ and the invasive fractions of ductal breast neoplasia (ISDC and IDC, respectively). METHODS: Eighty-five cases of breast neoplasia, containing contiguous ISDC and IDC areas, were selected. Histological specimens from the ISDC and the IDC areas were obtained through the tissue microarray (TMA) technique. The erbB-2 and the ER/PR expressions were evaluated through conventional immunohistochemistry. The McNemar's test was used for the comparative analysis of the expressions of erbB-2 protein and the ER/PR in the in situ and invasive regions of the tumors. The confidence intervals were set to 5% (p=0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess the cross-tabulation agreement of the erbB-2 and the ER/PR expression in the ISDC and the IDC areas. RESULTS: the erbB-2 expression has not differed between the ISDC and the IDC areas (p=0.38). Comparing the two areas in each case, there was agreement in the expression of erbB-2 (ICC=0.64), PR (ICC=0.71) and ER (ICC=0.64). Restricting the analysis to tumors with the in situ component harboring necrosis (comedo), the ICC for erbB-2 was 0.4, compared to 0.6 for the whole sample. In this select group, the ICC for PR/ER did not differ substantially from those obtained with the complete dataset: as for the ER, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.7 for the entire sample) and for PR, ICC=0.7 (versus 0.6 for the entire sample). CONCLUSIONS: our findings suggest that the erbB-2 and the ER/PR expressions do not differ in the contiguous in situ and invasive components of breast ductal tumors.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):281-284
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):281-284
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):721-725
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900008
PURPOSE: to analyze the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV), high-risk HPV DNA, and Pap smear abnormalities in women submitted to diathermic conization for the treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 or 3). METHODS: a descriptive clinical study with 81 women submitted to diathermic conization for the treatment of CIN 2 or 3. Initial Pap smear was performed by the time of the biopsy and was also used to verify the presence of BV. Prior to conization, samples for the detection of high-risk HPV DNA through hybrid capture II (HC II) were collected. A control visit was scheduled for four months after the conization to repeat these tests. Twenty-seven women were found to have BV and 54 were not. Statistical analysis comprised odds ratios (OR) to assess the correlations between BV and HPV detection before and after diathermic conization and cytological abnormalities. All analyses were performed with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: high-risk HPV DNA detection before conization was identical in both groups (89%). After conization, HPV DNA detection decreased to 26 and 18% in the groups with and without BV, respectively (OR=1.5; 95% CI 0.5 to 4.6). In addition, 41% of the women with BV and 20% without BV showed Pap smear abnormalities (OR=2.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 7.4). Regarding these 22 women with Pap smear abnormalities approximately four months after the diathermic conization, 83% of the BV group tested positive for HPV DNA compared with 50% in the group without BV (OR=5.0; IC 95% 0.5 a 52.9). CONCLUSION: women with BV presented more Pap smear abnormalities after conization when compared to the women without BV, although this was not statistically significant. This association was not related to high-risk HPV DNA.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):721-725
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900008
PURPOSE: to analyze the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV), high-risk HPV DNA, and Pap smear abnormalities in women submitted to diathermic conization for the treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 or 3). METHODS: a descriptive clinical study with 81 women submitted to diathermic conization for the treatment of CIN 2 or 3. Initial Pap smear was performed by the time of the biopsy and was also used to verify the presence of BV. Prior to conization, samples for the detection of high-risk HPV DNA through hybrid capture II (HC II) were collected. A control visit was scheduled for four months after the conization to repeat these tests. Twenty-seven women were found to have BV and 54 were not. Statistical analysis comprised odds ratios (OR) to assess the correlations between BV and HPV detection before and after diathermic conization and cytological abnormalities. All analyses were performed with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: high-risk HPV DNA detection before conization was identical in both groups (89%). After conization, HPV DNA detection decreased to 26 and 18% in the groups with and without BV, respectively (OR=1.5; 95% CI 0.5 to 4.6). In addition, 41% of the women with BV and 20% without BV showed Pap smear abnormalities (OR=2.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 7.4). Regarding these 22 women with Pap smear abnormalities approximately four months after the diathermic conization, 83% of the BV group tested positive for HPV DNA compared with 50% in the group without BV (OR=5.0; IC 95% 0.5 a 52.9). CONCLUSION: women with BV presented more Pap smear abnormalities after conization when compared to the women without BV, although this was not statistically significant. This association was not related to high-risk HPV DNA.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(4):269-275
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000400002
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the performance of Pap smear, hybrid capture II (HC II), and visual inspection with acetic acid in the detection of pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions. METHODS: a total of 2281 women were submitted to a clinical exam, including Pap smear, HC II for HPV DNA detection and visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA). When at least one of the tests was positive, colposcopy was performed and targeted biopsies were taken from suspicious lesions. Colposcopy was also performed in 420 women with negative results. Test performance was evaluated, using colposcopy as the gold standard, with or without biopsy. RESULTS: Pap smear, VIA and HC II were positive in 9.2, 10.9 and 17.5% of all women screened, respectively. Although at least one positive test was found in 671 women (29.4%), only 82 (3.6%) presented histologically confirmed disease (50 NIC1, 20 NIC2, 7 NIC3, and 5 invasive carcinoma). VIA and HC II sensitivities were similar and significantly higher than Pap smear. Pap smear showed better specificity than VIA and than HC II. In women with a negative Pap smear result, VIA showed better performance than HC II. CONCLUSION: Pap smear combined with VIA performed better than Pap smear combined with HC II or than Pap smear alone.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(4):269-275
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000400002
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the performance of Pap smear, hybrid capture II (HC II), and visual inspection with acetic acid in the detection of pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions. METHODS: a total of 2281 women were submitted to a clinical exam, including Pap smear, HC II for HPV DNA detection and visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA). When at least one of the tests was positive, colposcopy was performed and targeted biopsies were taken from suspicious lesions. Colposcopy was also performed in 420 women with negative results. Test performance was evaluated, using colposcopy as the gold standard, with or without biopsy. RESULTS: Pap smear, VIA and HC II were positive in 9.2, 10.9 and 17.5% of all women screened, respectively. Although at least one positive test was found in 671 women (29.4%), only 82 (3.6%) presented histologically confirmed disease (50 NIC1, 20 NIC2, 7 NIC3, and 5 invasive carcinoma). VIA and HC II sensitivities were similar and significantly higher than Pap smear. Pap smear showed better specificity than VIA and than HC II. In women with a negative Pap smear result, VIA showed better performance than HC II. CONCLUSION: Pap smear combined with VIA performed better than Pap smear combined with HC II or than Pap smear alone.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):365-370
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500010
PURPOSE: to assess the performance of hybrid capture II (HCII) HPV viral load in predicting the grade of cervical lesions. METHODS: between August 2000 to November 2002, 309 women admitted due to an abnormal Pap smear result were recruited. Histological disease confirmation was done in all women and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or above was considered as severe disease. HCII was done for high-risk HPV types and viral load was estimated in relative light units (RLU). Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to test the performance of HCII. RESULTS: histological findings included 140 (45.3%) cervicitis or CIN 1 and 199 (54.7%) CIN 2/3, in situ adenocarcinoma or invasive cancer. The best cutoff for HCII in detecting severe disease was 35 RLU, showing a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 70%. Association of high-grade cervical lesions at Pap smear and HCII at 35 RLU showed a positive predictive value of 88.2% in diagnosis of CIN 2 or above. On the other hand, 95.7% of the women with low grade lesion at cytology and HCII below 1 RLU presented no severe histological disease. CONCLUSIONS: the best performance of HCII in diagnosing CIN 2 or above was found at 35 RLU. Association of cytology and HCII in different settings provided very high positive and negative predictive values.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):365-370
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500010
PURPOSE: to assess the performance of hybrid capture II (HCII) HPV viral load in predicting the grade of cervical lesions. METHODS: between August 2000 to November 2002, 309 women admitted due to an abnormal Pap smear result were recruited. Histological disease confirmation was done in all women and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or above was considered as severe disease. HCII was done for high-risk HPV types and viral load was estimated in relative light units (RLU). Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to test the performance of HCII. RESULTS: histological findings included 140 (45.3%) cervicitis or CIN 1 and 199 (54.7%) CIN 2/3, in situ adenocarcinoma or invasive cancer. The best cutoff for HCII in detecting severe disease was 35 RLU, showing a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 70%. Association of high-grade cervical lesions at Pap smear and HCII at 35 RLU showed a positive predictive value of 88.2% in diagnosis of CIN 2 or above. On the other hand, 95.7% of the women with low grade lesion at cytology and HCII below 1 RLU presented no severe histological disease. CONCLUSIONS: the best performance of HCII in diagnosing CIN 2 or above was found at 35 RLU. Association of cytology and HCII in different settings provided very high positive and negative predictive values.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):09-15
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the detection of high oncogenic risk human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) immediately before and 4±1.25 months after large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: in this clinical prospective study, 78 patients submitted to LLETZ from February to December 2001 were enrolled. All patients were submitted to colposcopic evaluation and had Pap smear and hybrid capture II (HC II) specimens collected immediately before LLETZ and four months after the procedure. Statistical analysis was made through odds ratio (OR) calculations with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: before excision, 67 (86%) women had positive HC II for high oncogenic risk HPV-DNA, while four months afterwards only 22 (33%) maintained positive HC II results. Positive results of HPV-DNA after treatment were not associated with previous viral load, compromised margins in the surgical specimen or age. Four months after the procedure, detection of HPV-DNA was significantly associated with cytological abnormalities (OR = 4.8; CI 95%: 1.7-13.7) but not with histological residual disease or relapse (OR = 6.0; CI 95%: 0.8-52.3). CONCLUSION: HPV-DNA detection was significantly reduced after treatment of CIN, but was not associated with the presence of histologic residual disease or relapse.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):09-15
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the detection of high oncogenic risk human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) immediately before and 4±1.25 months after large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: in this clinical prospective study, 78 patients submitted to LLETZ from February to December 2001 were enrolled. All patients were submitted to colposcopic evaluation and had Pap smear and hybrid capture II (HC II) specimens collected immediately before LLETZ and four months after the procedure. Statistical analysis was made through odds ratio (OR) calculations with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: before excision, 67 (86%) women had positive HC II for high oncogenic risk HPV-DNA, while four months afterwards only 22 (33%) maintained positive HC II results. Positive results of HPV-DNA after treatment were not associated with previous viral load, compromised margins in the surgical specimen or age. Four months after the procedure, detection of HPV-DNA was significantly associated with cytological abnormalities (OR = 4.8; CI 95%: 1.7-13.7) but not with histological residual disease or relapse (OR = 6.0; CI 95%: 0.8-52.3). CONCLUSION: HPV-DNA detection was significantly reduced after treatment of CIN, but was not associated with the presence of histologic residual disease or relapse.
