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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(3):153-157
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000300006
Purpose: to evaluate, in a Brazilian population, the possible association between history of sexual violence and some of the more frequent gynecologic complaints related by women. Methods: secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study in which 1838 women between 15 and 49 years of age were interviewed in their homes. They were residents of the cities of Campinas and Sumaré, in the state of São Paulo. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used, which allowed to characterize the interviewees' history of sexual violence, the existence of sexual dysfunctions and the presence of gynecologic symptoms in the year previous to the interview. The statistical differences were evaluated by the chi² test. Results: little more than one third (38.1%) of the women did not report history of sexual violence; 54.8% related that at least once they had had sexual intercourse against their will, without being forced to, although 23% mentioned some kind of coercion; 7.1% reported having been forced to have sex. Statistical association was found between history of sexual violence and the reference to gynecologic complaints and sexual dysfunctions. Conclusions: it was observed that even less aggressive forms of imposition of the man's will in the couple's sexual life were associated with a higher prevalence of the most frequent gynecologic complaints. The gynecologist must, therefore, have in mind this etiological factor which is rarely being considered at the present time.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(3):153-157
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000300006
Purpose: to evaluate, in a Brazilian population, the possible association between history of sexual violence and some of the more frequent gynecologic complaints related by women. Methods: secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study in which 1838 women between 15 and 49 years of age were interviewed in their homes. They were residents of the cities of Campinas and Sumaré, in the state of São Paulo. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used, which allowed to characterize the interviewees' history of sexual violence, the existence of sexual dysfunctions and the presence of gynecologic symptoms in the year previous to the interview. The statistical differences were evaluated by the chi² test. Results: little more than one third (38.1%) of the women did not report history of sexual violence; 54.8% related that at least once they had had sexual intercourse against their will, without being forced to, although 23% mentioned some kind of coercion; 7.1% reported having been forced to have sex. Statistical association was found between history of sexual violence and the reference to gynecologic complaints and sexual dysfunctions. Conclusions: it was observed that even less aggressive forms of imposition of the man's will in the couple's sexual life were associated with a higher prevalence of the most frequent gynecologic complaints. The gynecologist must, therefore, have in mind this etiological factor which is rarely being considered at the present time.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):181-185
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400002
With the purpose of identifying the social, demographic, pregnancy-related and medical care factors associated with maternal death, this study evaluated all deaths of women aged 10 to 49 years occurring in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during 1992 and 1993. The data were obtained reviewing 1,013 death certificates, with 42 cases of identified maternal deaths. The data of these deaths were complemented with information from medical records, autopsies and also interviews with physicians from the hospitals where the death took place, and with the dead women's relatives. Almost two thirds (62%) of maternal deaths occurred among women aged 20 to 29 years and more than half of them were single. There was a higher number of deaths among caesarean deliveries than among vaginal ones. The majority of deaths occurred within the first three days of hospitalization and approximately 90% of hospital charges were sponsored by the National Health System (SUS).
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):181-185
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400002
With the purpose of identifying the social, demographic, pregnancy-related and medical care factors associated with maternal death, this study evaluated all deaths of women aged 10 to 49 years occurring in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during 1992 and 1993. The data were obtained reviewing 1,013 death certificates, with 42 cases of identified maternal deaths. The data of these deaths were complemented with information from medical records, autopsies and also interviews with physicians from the hospitals where the death took place, and with the dead women's relatives. Almost two thirds (62%) of maternal deaths occurred among women aged 20 to 29 years and more than half of them were single. There was a higher number of deaths among caesarean deliveries than among vaginal ones. The majority of deaths occurred within the first three days of hospitalization and approximately 90% of hospital charges were sponsored by the National Health System (SUS).
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(5):234-240
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000500006
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on female sexual dysfunctions. METHODS: twenty-six women with a diagnosis of sexual dysfunction (sexual desire, arousal, orgasmic disorders and/or dyspareunia) were included in a clinical trial with a before/after approach . The assessment was carried out before, during (after five sessions) and at the end of the treatment (after ten sessions) by two-digit palpation (assessment of pelvic floor muscle, PFM, strength), intravaginal electromyography (EMG) (capture of PFM contraction amplitudes) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI, a questionnaire for the evaluation of sexual function). The women underwent PFMT in different positions for ten sessions (once or twice a week). For statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used for clinical characteristics and PFM strength. The Friedman test was used to compare the FSFI domain scores and EMG values, the Students t-test was used to determine the association between these values and the characteristics of the women, and the Wilcoxon test for percent modification of the EMG. The Mann-Whitney test permitted us to compare these values with clinical characteristics. The Spearman correlation test was used to correlate the EMG values with mean total score. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: a significant improvement (p<0.0001) of FSFI scores was observed at the end of treatment compared to the values observed before and in the middle of treatment. Regarding the EMG, the amplitudes of tonic and phasic contractions increased significantly during treatment (p<0.0001). Pelvic floor strength increased, which 69% of the women presenting grade 4 or 5 at the end of treatment, with a total improvement of sexual complaints. CONCLUSIONS: the PFMT improved muscle strength and electromyography contraction amplitudes, with improved sexual function, indicating that this physiotherapy approach may be successfully used for the treatment of female sexual dysfunctions.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(5):234-240
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010000500006
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on female sexual dysfunctions. METHODS: twenty-six women with a diagnosis of sexual dysfunction (sexual desire, arousal, orgasmic disorders and/or dyspareunia) were included in a clinical trial with a before/after approach . The assessment was carried out before, during (after five sessions) and at the end of the treatment (after ten sessions) by two-digit palpation (assessment of pelvic floor muscle, PFM, strength), intravaginal electromyography (EMG) (capture of PFM contraction amplitudes) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI, a questionnaire for the evaluation of sexual function). The women underwent PFMT in different positions for ten sessions (once or twice a week). For statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used for clinical characteristics and PFM strength. The Friedman test was used to compare the FSFI domain scores and EMG values, the Students t-test was used to determine the association between these values and the characteristics of the women, and the Wilcoxon test for percent modification of the EMG. The Mann-Whitney test permitted us to compare these values with clinical characteristics. The Spearman correlation test was used to correlate the EMG values with mean total score. Results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: a significant improvement (p<0.0001) of FSFI scores was observed at the end of treatment compared to the values observed before and in the middle of treatment. Regarding the EMG, the amplitudes of tonic and phasic contractions increased significantly during treatment (p<0.0001). Pelvic floor strength increased, which 69% of the women presenting grade 4 or 5 at the end of treatment, with a total improvement of sexual complaints. CONCLUSIONS: the PFMT improved muscle strength and electromyography contraction amplitudes, with improved sexual function, indicating that this physiotherapy approach may be successfully used for the treatment of female sexual dysfunctions.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(6):407-412
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000600008
Purpose: to evaluate the agreement between the theory about informed consent, represented by Resolution 01/88, and the practice according to the report of researchers and of women who were subjects of their research. Methods: eleven researchers from three centers of excellence in research related to fertility regulation in Brazil and 18 women, subjects of their research. Information was obtained through in-depth interviews and content analysis was carried out. Results: the report of the researchers agreed with the requirements of the Resolution; however, the women's report showed that most of the required items were not referred to when they were invited to participate in the research. Conclusion: a disagreement was observed between theory and practice in obtaining informed consent. This may be explained by difficulties in complying with the requirements of the Resolution in force at the time. On the other hand, it is also possible to imagine difficulties experienced by researchers when approaching the women and/or that the women also forgot the received information. Finally, a bias may have resulted from the researchers and women who had to give consent to participate in this study.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(6):407-412
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000600008
Purpose: to evaluate the agreement between the theory about informed consent, represented by Resolution 01/88, and the practice according to the report of researchers and of women who were subjects of their research. Methods: eleven researchers from three centers of excellence in research related to fertility regulation in Brazil and 18 women, subjects of their research. Information was obtained through in-depth interviews and content analysis was carried out. Results: the report of the researchers agreed with the requirements of the Resolution; however, the women's report showed that most of the required items were not referred to when they were invited to participate in the research. Conclusion: a disagreement was observed between theory and practice in obtaining informed consent. This may be explained by difficulties in complying with the requirements of the Resolution in force at the time. On the other hand, it is also possible to imagine difficulties experienced by researchers when approaching the women and/or that the women also forgot the received information. Finally, a bias may have resulted from the researchers and women who had to give consent to participate in this study.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(1):7-11
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000100002
With the purpose of identifying the causes of maternal deaths, this study evaluated all cases of deaths of 10 to 49-years-old women which occurred in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during 1992 and 1993. The data were obtained from 1013 death certificates and were complemented by medical and anesthetia records forms, nursing reports, necropsies and also interviews with physicians who took care of the women, or with their relatives. The main basic causes of maternal deaths identified were arterial hypertension (23.8%), infections (19.0%), abortion (11.9%), hemorrhage (9.5%), pulmonary embolism (4.8%) and anaesthetic accident (2.4%). About 70% of maternal deaths in Recife in the studied period were due to directo obstetrical causes.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(1):7-11
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000100002
With the purpose of identifying the causes of maternal deaths, this study evaluated all cases of deaths of 10 to 49-years-old women which occurred in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during 1992 and 1993. The data were obtained from 1013 death certificates and were complemented by medical and anesthetia records forms, nursing reports, necropsies and also interviews with physicians who took care of the women, or with their relatives. The main basic causes of maternal deaths identified were arterial hypertension (23.8%), infections (19.0%), abortion (11.9%), hemorrhage (9.5%), pulmonary embolism (4.8%) and anaesthetic accident (2.4%). About 70% of maternal deaths in Recife in the studied period were due to directo obstetrical causes.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):74-79
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000200003
PURPOSE: to evaluate the association between women's menstrual experience and preferred changes in their menstrual cycles. METHODS: a cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 420 women were interviewed. Participants complied with the following criteria: age (18 to 20, 25 to 34 and 45 to 49 years); schooling (<8 years and >12 years); having menstruated during the three months previous to the study. Subjects were selected in the city of Campinas (SP), in nine private and seven public health services. For data collection, a questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the results of a previous pilot study that consisted of small groups. A data bank was prepared with the information registered in the questionnaires and the analysis was carried out with SAS, version 8.2. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson chi2 test and the Fisher exact test were used to evaluate the association between variables (p<0.05). RESULTS: most subjects preferred greater than once a month intervals between menstruations. There was an association of the typical menstrual intervals experienced by women (p=0.0248) and the degree of interference of menstruation with daily activities (p=0.048) with the preferred interval between menses. However, there was no association between preferred intervals by women and the following characteristics of pain: duration, intensity and use of medication. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that women would like intervals longer than one month or to never menstruate.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):74-79
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000200003
PURPOSE: to evaluate the association between women's menstrual experience and preferred changes in their menstrual cycles. METHODS: a cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 420 women were interviewed. Participants complied with the following criteria: age (18 to 20, 25 to 34 and 45 to 49 years); schooling (<8 years and >12 years); having menstruated during the three months previous to the study. Subjects were selected in the city of Campinas (SP), in nine private and seven public health services. For data collection, a questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the results of a previous pilot study that consisted of small groups. A data bank was prepared with the information registered in the questionnaires and the analysis was carried out with SAS, version 8.2. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson chi2 test and the Fisher exact test were used to evaluate the association between variables (p<0.05). RESULTS: most subjects preferred greater than once a month intervals between menstruations. There was an association of the typical menstrual intervals experienced by women (p=0.0248) and the degree of interference of menstruation with daily activities (p=0.048) with the preferred interval between menses. However, there was no association between preferred intervals by women and the following characteristics of pain: duration, intensity and use of medication. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that women would like intervals longer than one month or to never menstruate.