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, , , , , Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(6):303-311
, , , , , The lack of data on the impact of hyperglycemia and obesity on the prevalence of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) led us to conduct a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and characteristics of PSUI using validated questionnaires and clinical data.
This cross-sectional study included 539 women with a gestational age of 34 weeks who visited a tertiary university hospital between 2015 and 2018. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of PSUI, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires. The women were classified into four groups: normoglycemic lean, normoglycemic obese, hyperglycemic lean, and hyperglycemic obese. The differences between groups were tested using descriptive statistics. Associations were estimated using logistic regression analysis and presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.
Prevalence rates of PSUI were no different between groups. However, significant difference in hyperglycemic groups worse scores for severe and very severe PSUI. When adjusted data for confound factors was compared with normoglycemic lean group, the hyperglycemic obese group had significantly higher odds for severe and very severe forms of UI using ICIQ-SF (aOR 3.157; 95% CI 1.308 to 7.263) and ISI (aOR 20.324; 95% CI 2.265 to 182.329) questionnaires and highest perceived impact of PSUI (aOR 4.449; 95% CI 1.591 to 12.442).
Our data indicate that obesity and hyperglycemia during pregnancy significantly increase the odds of severe forms and perceived impact of PSUI. Therefore, further effective preventive and curative treatments are greatly needed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2023;45(6):303-311
, , , , , The lack of data on the impact of hyperglycemia and obesity on the prevalence of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) led us to conduct a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and characteristics of PSUI using validated questionnaires and clinical data.
This cross-sectional study included 539 women with a gestational age of 34 weeks who visited a tertiary university hospital between 2015 and 2018. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of PSUI, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires. The women were classified into four groups: normoglycemic lean, normoglycemic obese, hyperglycemic lean, and hyperglycemic obese. The differences between groups were tested using descriptive statistics. Associations were estimated using logistic regression analysis and presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.
Prevalence rates of PSUI were no different between groups. However, significant difference in hyperglycemic groups worse scores for severe and very severe PSUI. When adjusted data for confound factors was compared with normoglycemic lean group, the hyperglycemic obese group had significantly higher odds for severe and very severe forms of UI using ICIQ-SF (aOR 3.157; 95% CI 1.308 to 7.263) and ISI (aOR 20.324; 95% CI 2.265 to 182.329) questionnaires and highest perceived impact of PSUI (aOR 4.449; 95% CI 1.591 to 12.442).
Our data indicate that obesity and hyperglycemia during pregnancy significantly increase the odds of severe forms and perceived impact of PSUI. Therefore, further effective preventive and curative treatments are greatly needed.
, , , Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1134-1140
, , , Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is an entity with evolving conceptual nuances that deserve full consideration. Gestational diabetes leads to complications and adverse effects on the mother's and infants' health during and after pregnancy. Women also have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) related to the hyperglycemic status during pregnancy. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still uncertain. We conducted a narrative review discussing the impact of GDM on the women's pelvic floor and performed image assessment using three-dimensional ultrasonography to evaluate and predict future UI.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(12):1134-1140
, , , Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is an entity with evolving conceptual nuances that deserve full consideration. Gestational diabetes leads to complications and adverse effects on the mother's and infants' health during and after pregnancy. Women also have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) related to the hyperglycemic status during pregnancy. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still uncertain. We conducted a narrative review discussing the impact of GDM on the women's pelvic floor and performed image assessment using three-dimensional ultrasonography to evaluate and predict future UI.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(6):322-331
To establish the Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI) scores for each domain before and during pregnancy, and to publish the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PSRI.
Pregnant women were recruited during antenatal care; the PSRI was administered to 244 women prenatally at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, at Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP, in the Portuguese acronym). The PSRI scores were estimated based on the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form survey (SF-36). The raw scale type was used to standardize the minimal value and amplitude of each domain. For each domain, the score varied from 0 to 100, and the composite score was obtained as the domain average. The composite score before and during pregnancy was determined by the sum of the scores of all specific domains for each divided by the full domain number. The categorization of the scale into quartiles was established when all PSRI-specific and composite scores were combined.
The composite and specific scores for each domain were categorized into quartiles: 0 < 25 as “very bad;” 25 < 50 as “bad;” 50 < 75 as “good” and 75 to 100 as “excellent.” The mean scores were lower during pregnancy than before pregnancy in 8 of the 10 domains. The Brazilian Portuguese PSRI version is presented.
This study allowed the establishment of the PSRI composite and specific scores for each domain, and the categorization of scores into quartiles: very bad, bad, good and excellent. In addition, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PSRI is presented in full for application in the Brazilian population.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(6):322-331
To establish the Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI) scores for each domain before and during pregnancy, and to publish the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PSRI.
Pregnant women were recruited during antenatal care; the PSRI was administered to 244 women prenatally at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, at Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP, in the Portuguese acronym). The PSRI scores were estimated based on the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form survey (SF-36). The raw scale type was used to standardize the minimal value and amplitude of each domain. For each domain, the score varied from 0 to 100, and the composite score was obtained as the domain average. The composite score before and during pregnancy was determined by the sum of the scores of all specific domains for each divided by the full domain number. The categorization of the scale into quartiles was established when all PSRI-specific and composite scores were combined.
The composite and specific scores for each domain were categorized into quartiles: 0 < 25 as “very bad;” 25 < 50 as “bad;” 50 < 75 as “good” and 75 to 100 as “excellent.” The mean scores were lower during pregnancy than before pregnancy in 8 of the 10 domains. The Brazilian Portuguese PSRI version is presented.
This study allowed the establishment of the PSRI composite and specific scores for each domain, and the categorization of scores into quartiles: very bad, bad, good and excellent. In addition, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PSRI is presented in full for application in the Brazilian population.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2015;37(10):460-466
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320150005361
To evaluate the effectiveness of an illustrated home exercise guide targeting the pelvic floor muscles in promoting urinary continence during pregnancy.
A randomized clinical trial was performed with 87 participants, evaluated six times during pregnancy and divided into three groups: Gsup, supervised; Gobs, not supervised, and Gref, women who did not perform the home exercises program. A miction diary and perineometry were used to evaluate urinary incontinence (primary outcome) and pelvic floor muscle strength (secondary outcome), respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's and chi-square and Z tests with Bonferroni correction were used for continuous variables and proportions, respectively, with the level of significance set at 5%.
At the end of the study, 6.9% of pregnant women in the Gsup and Gobs had urinary incontinence, while 96.6% of Gref women were incontinent. Regarding pelvic floor muscle function, Gsup and Gobs had mean contractions of 10 and 8.9 cmH2O, respectively, while Gref had a value of 4.7 cmH2O. Both results were significant.
An illustrated home exercise guide targeting the pelvic floor muscles is effective in promoting urinary continence during pregnancy, even without permanent supervision.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2015;37(10):460-466
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320150005361
To evaluate the effectiveness of an illustrated home exercise guide targeting the pelvic floor muscles in promoting urinary continence during pregnancy.
A randomized clinical trial was performed with 87 participants, evaluated six times during pregnancy and divided into three groups: Gsup, supervised; Gobs, not supervised, and Gref, women who did not perform the home exercises program. A miction diary and perineometry were used to evaluate urinary incontinence (primary outcome) and pelvic floor muscle strength (secondary outcome), respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's and chi-square and Z tests with Bonferroni correction were used for continuous variables and proportions, respectively, with the level of significance set at 5%.
At the end of the study, 6.9% of pregnant women in the Gsup and Gobs had urinary incontinence, while 96.6% of Gref women were incontinent. Regarding pelvic floor muscle function, Gsup and Gobs had mean contractions of 10 and 8.9 cmH2O, respectively, while Gref had a value of 4.7 cmH2O. Both results were significant.
An illustrated home exercise guide targeting the pelvic floor muscles is effective in promoting urinary continence during pregnancy, even without permanent supervision.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(4):220-220
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(4):220-220
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(11):677-682
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005001100008
PURPOSE: to evaluate the influence of the delivery route on pelvic floor (PF) muscle strength. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate PF muscle strength by the pelvic floor strength evaluation (PFSE) test and perineometer in primiparous patients aged 20 to 30 years 4 to 6 months after delivery. The categorization was: zero lack of muscle contraction; one - weak contraction; two - moderate contraction not sustained for 6 s and three - normal contraction sustained for 6 s. A total of 94 patients were divided into there groups based on prior delivery route. They were: 32 patients with vaginal delivery with singleton cephalic presentation; 32 patients with cesarean delivery, and 30 nulliparous patients as a control group. The independent variable was delivery route and the dependent one was the muscle strength of the PF. Comparison between contraction levels was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests and the influence of delivery method was tested by chi2. Confidence interval of 95% was obtained for relative risk (RR) of Pf muscle strength changes and kappa statistics. RESULTS: the 1st and 3rd quartiles of delivery route regarding PF muscle strength were lower (p=0.01) for vaginal delivery (2.0;1-2) and intermediate for cesarean section (2.0;2-3) compared to the nulliparous (3.0;2-3) by the PFSE test and perineometer. RR of the altered examination was increased after vaginal delivery (RR=2.58; CI 95%: 1.32-5.04, p=0.002); (RR=2.31; CI 95%: 1.24-4.32, p=0.005), and after cesarean section (RR=1.56; CI 95%: 0.94-2.57, p= 0.12); (RR=1.38; CI 95%: 0.85-2.23, p=0.29) by AFA and perineometer, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: vaginal delivery decreased PF muscle strength when compared with cesarean delivery and control groups.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(11):677-682
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005001100008
PURPOSE: to evaluate the influence of the delivery route on pelvic floor (PF) muscle strength. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate PF muscle strength by the pelvic floor strength evaluation (PFSE) test and perineometer in primiparous patients aged 20 to 30 years 4 to 6 months after delivery. The categorization was: zero lack of muscle contraction; one - weak contraction; two - moderate contraction not sustained for 6 s and three - normal contraction sustained for 6 s. A total of 94 patients were divided into there groups based on prior delivery route. They were: 32 patients with vaginal delivery with singleton cephalic presentation; 32 patients with cesarean delivery, and 30 nulliparous patients as a control group. The independent variable was delivery route and the dependent one was the muscle strength of the PF. Comparison between contraction levels was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison tests and the influence of delivery method was tested by chi2. Confidence interval of 95% was obtained for relative risk (RR) of Pf muscle strength changes and kappa statistics. RESULTS: the 1st and 3rd quartiles of delivery route regarding PF muscle strength were lower (p=0.01) for vaginal delivery (2.0;1-2) and intermediate for cesarean section (2.0;2-3) compared to the nulliparous (3.0;2-3) by the PFSE test and perineometer. RR of the altered examination was increased after vaginal delivery (RR=2.58; CI 95%: 1.32-5.04, p=0.002); (RR=2.31; CI 95%: 1.24-4.32, p=0.005), and after cesarean section (RR=1.56; CI 95%: 0.94-2.57, p= 0.12); (RR=1.38; CI 95%: 0.85-2.23, p=0.29) by AFA and perineometer, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: vaginal delivery decreased PF muscle strength when compared with cesarean delivery and control groups.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):745-745
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):745-745