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Trabalhos Originais
Evaluation of neuroendocrine axis inhibition with a low-dose oral contraceptive
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):463-469
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisEvaluation of neuroendocrine axis inhibition with a low-dose oral contraceptive
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):463-469
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600007
Views44See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pill-free interval of a combined oral contraceptive containing 20 mg of ethynylestradiol and 75 mg of gestodene. METHODS: thirty-one women from 17 to 36 years old, mean age of 24.5 years old, 19% adolescents, were included. FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) levels were measured by immunochemoluminescence. Both FSH and LH levels were measured within the last four days of pill intake and on the 7th day of the pill-free interval between two cycles. Hormonal levels were compared by the Student t-test. Comparisons between hormonal and anthropometric data were made by linear regression; values of p < 0.05 were taken as significant. RESULTS: seventy-one percent of women were using the pill for the first time. FSH levels increased from 1.3 to 5.7 mIU/ml between the end of the blister pack and the 7th day of the pill-free interval. LH increased from 0.8 to 4.3 mIU/ml. E2 levels changed from 20.2 to 28.0 pg/ml. The levels of PRL decreased from 12.4 to 10.2 ng/ml. There was no correlation between the changes in gonadotrophin levels and most of the anthropometric parameters in these women, with body mass index < 25 kg/m². CONCLUSION: the gonadotrophin levels detected on the last four days of pill intake were greatly suppressed, recovery of three to four times in amount occurring on the 7th day of the pill-free interval.
Views44
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisEvaluation of neuroendocrine axis inhibition with a low-dose oral contraceptive
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):463-469
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600007
Views44See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pill-free interval of a combined oral contraceptive containing 20 mg of ethynylestradiol and 75 mg of gestodene. METHODS: thirty-one women from 17 to 36 years old, mean age of 24.5 years old, 19% adolescents, were included. FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) levels were measured by immunochemoluminescence. Both FSH and LH levels were measured within the last four days of pill intake and on the 7th day of the pill-free interval between two cycles. Hormonal levels were compared by the Student t-test. Comparisons between hormonal and anthropometric data were made by linear regression; values of p < 0.05 were taken as significant. RESULTS: seventy-one percent of women were using the pill for the first time. FSH levels increased from 1.3 to 5.7 mIU/ml between the end of the blister pack and the 7th day of the pill-free interval. LH increased from 0.8 to 4.3 mIU/ml. E2 levels changed from 20.2 to 28.0 pg/ml. The levels of PRL decreased from 12.4 to 10.2 ng/ml. There was no correlation between the changes in gonadotrophin levels and most of the anthropometric parameters in these women, with body mass index < 25 kg/m². CONCLUSION: the gonadotrophin levels detected on the last four days of pill intake were greatly suppressed, recovery of three to four times in amount occurring on the 7th day of the pill-free interval.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Relationship between endometrial thickness and beta-HCG levels in the response to treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):471-475
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisRelationship between endometrial thickness and beta-HCG levels in the response to treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):471-475
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600008
Views44See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the correlation between the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) serum levels and the measurement of the endometrial thickness, in patients under treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate. METHODS: a prospective study in which the levels of beta-hCG as well as the largest measurement of the endometrial thickness on the uterine longitudinal axis through transvaginal ultrasound were evaluated at 24-48 h intervals in thirty-eight patients with hemodynamic stability, ectopic pregnancy, diameter <3.5 cm, and increased beta-hCG levels. All the patients got methotrexate in a single-dose therapy (50 mg/m² im). We compared the mean values of beta-hCG and endometrial thickness of cases that evolved successfully versus the poor responders using the Student t-test. Afterwards we analyzed the difference of the beta-hCG mean serum values related to the endometrial thickness(<10.0 mm and >10.0 mm) independently of the response to treatment employing the Student t-test. RESULTS: the mean values of beta-hCG and endometrial thickness in patients with successful treatment (28 cases) were 1936.2 mIU/ml and 6.4 mm, respectively, significanlty lower than the mean values for insuccessful cases: 6831.3 mIU/ml and 11.7 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The mean values of beta-hCG in women with endometrial thickness <10.0 mm were 2008.7 mIU/ml, significantly lower than the ones with endometrium >10.0 mm, whose mean values were 6925.9 mIU/ml (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the measurement of the endometrial thickness through ultrasound is under the beta-hCG serum values influence, and it showed to be a valuable additional factor to suggest medical treatment with methotrexate in the non-disrupted ectopic pregnancy.
Views44This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisRelationship between endometrial thickness and beta-HCG levels in the response to treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):471-475
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600008
Views44See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the correlation between the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) serum levels and the measurement of the endometrial thickness, in patients under treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate. METHODS: a prospective study in which the levels of beta-hCG as well as the largest measurement of the endometrial thickness on the uterine longitudinal axis through transvaginal ultrasound were evaluated at 24-48 h intervals in thirty-eight patients with hemodynamic stability, ectopic pregnancy, diameter <3.5 cm, and increased beta-hCG levels. All the patients got methotrexate in a single-dose therapy (50 mg/m² im). We compared the mean values of beta-hCG and endometrial thickness of cases that evolved successfully versus the poor responders using the Student t-test. Afterwards we analyzed the difference of the beta-hCG mean serum values related to the endometrial thickness(<10.0 mm and >10.0 mm) independently of the response to treatment employing the Student t-test. RESULTS: the mean values of beta-hCG and endometrial thickness in patients with successful treatment (28 cases) were 1936.2 mIU/ml and 6.4 mm, respectively, significanlty lower than the mean values for insuccessful cases: 6831.3 mIU/ml and 11.7 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The mean values of beta-hCG in women with endometrial thickness <10.0 mm were 2008.7 mIU/ml, significantly lower than the ones with endometrium >10.0 mm, whose mean values were 6925.9 mIU/ml (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the measurement of the endometrial thickness through ultrasound is under the beta-hCG serum values influence, and it showed to be a valuable additional factor to suggest medical treatment with methotrexate in the non-disrupted ectopic pregnancy.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Neonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisNeonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600009
Views99See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the neonatal morbidity and mortality related to mothers at the age of 35 or older than that. METHODS: in 2377 births in a year, 316 newborns (13.26%) from mothers at the age of 35 or more were selected for the study. These women were compared to pregnant controls aged 20 to 29, randomly selected among the 1170 women in the same age group (49,2%). For the inclusion criteria, pregnancies should have been over 22 weeks and the newborns should have weighted 500g or more at birth. Fourteen twin cases were excluded. To evaluate mortality and morbidity the following variables were considered: Apgar Index, birth weight, newborn health conditions, fetal malformations and neonatal mortality until hospital discharge. RESULTS: when analyzed as a whole, nulliparous and multiparous women showed significantly less favorable perinatal results for the selected group of women at 35 or more years old as compared with pregnant controls, what was not sustained when the nulliparous were excluded. Multiparous at the age of 35 or over presented a higher rate of low Apgar index in the 1st minute: 21.3 and 13.1%: (p<0,0033); small NB for the gestational age: 15.2% and 6.7% (p<0,02); big NB for the gestational age: 5.7 and 0.0% (p<0,02); low weight at birth: 23.8 and 14,5% (p<0,01), and prematurity, 16,7 and 6,7%, (p<0,005). Significant differences were not found for the Apgar index in the 5th minute, fetal malformations, newborn health conditions at hospital discharge and neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal morbidity increased among pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, but not the neonatal mortality.
Views99This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisNeonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600009
Views99See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the neonatal morbidity and mortality related to mothers at the age of 35 or older than that. METHODS: in 2377 births in a year, 316 newborns (13.26%) from mothers at the age of 35 or more were selected for the study. These women were compared to pregnant controls aged 20 to 29, randomly selected among the 1170 women in the same age group (49,2%). For the inclusion criteria, pregnancies should have been over 22 weeks and the newborns should have weighted 500g or more at birth. Fourteen twin cases were excluded. To evaluate mortality and morbidity the following variables were considered: Apgar Index, birth weight, newborn health conditions, fetal malformations and neonatal mortality until hospital discharge. RESULTS: when analyzed as a whole, nulliparous and multiparous women showed significantly less favorable perinatal results for the selected group of women at 35 or more years old as compared with pregnant controls, what was not sustained when the nulliparous were excluded. Multiparous at the age of 35 or over presented a higher rate of low Apgar index in the 1st minute: 21.3 and 13.1%: (p<0,0033); small NB for the gestational age: 15.2% and 6.7% (p<0,02); big NB for the gestational age: 5.7 and 0.0% (p<0,02); low weight at birth: 23.8 and 14,5% (p<0,01), and prematurity, 16,7 and 6,7%, (p<0,005). Significant differences were not found for the Apgar index in the 5th minute, fetal malformations, newborn health conditions at hospital discharge and neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal morbidity increased among pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, but not the neonatal mortality.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
The changing clinical presentation of molar pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):483-488
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisThe changing clinical presentation of molar pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):483-488
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600010
Views63See moreOBJECTIVE: to determine whether the clinical presentation of hydatidiform mole has changed in the recent years (1992-1998) when compared with historic controls (1960-1981). METHODS: medical records of 80 patients with hydatidiform mole attended in the 1960-1981 period (Group I) were reviewed and compared to data from 801 patients followed in the 1992-1998 period (Group II). The clinical signals and symptoms analyzed were: age distribution, number of pregnancies, vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis, edema, hypertension, large uterus for gestation date and theca lutein cysts of the ovaries. Statistical analyses employed chi-square tests and odds ratio (OR) estimate with the confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS: concerning age, the disease occurred more frequently in group II than in group I, in patients under 15 and over 40 years old. As to the number of pregnancies, there was no statistical difference only in those patients who were in their third or fourth pregnancies. Arterial hypertension was the only symptom that occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Enlarged uterus was more frequent in group II (41.4 X 31.2% - p <0.05; OR: 1.5; IC: 1.0-2.3). Bleeding remained the most common symptom, occurring in 76.9% of patients (Group II), although it has occurred in 98.7% of the historic controls (p<0.05; OR: 0.04; IC: 0.03 0.04). The following symptoms were also less frequent in group II as compared to group I: hyperemesis (36.5% X 45% - p<0.05; OR: 0.7; IC: 0.4 0.9), edema (12.7% X 20% - p<0.05, OR: 0.5, IC: 0.3 0.8), enlarged uterus for gestational age (41.4% x 31.2% - p<0.05; OR: 1.5; IC: 1.0 2.3) and theca lutein cysts (16.4% X 41.2% - p<0.05; OR: 0.3; IC: 0.2 0.4). Ultrasound has become the commonest method of diagnosis (89.2% - p<0.05), allowing early detection of hydatidiform moles. CONCLUSION: there was a decrease of the traditional symptoms in current patients with hydatidiform mole as compared to historic controls, due to early diagnosis through ultrasonography.
Views63This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisThe changing clinical presentation of molar pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):483-488
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600010
Views63See moreOBJECTIVE: to determine whether the clinical presentation of hydatidiform mole has changed in the recent years (1992-1998) when compared with historic controls (1960-1981). METHODS: medical records of 80 patients with hydatidiform mole attended in the 1960-1981 period (Group I) were reviewed and compared to data from 801 patients followed in the 1992-1998 period (Group II). The clinical signals and symptoms analyzed were: age distribution, number of pregnancies, vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis, edema, hypertension, large uterus for gestation date and theca lutein cysts of the ovaries. Statistical analyses employed chi-square tests and odds ratio (OR) estimate with the confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS: concerning age, the disease occurred more frequently in group II than in group I, in patients under 15 and over 40 years old. As to the number of pregnancies, there was no statistical difference only in those patients who were in their third or fourth pregnancies. Arterial hypertension was the only symptom that occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Enlarged uterus was more frequent in group II (41.4 X 31.2% - p <0.05; OR: 1.5; IC: 1.0-2.3). Bleeding remained the most common symptom, occurring in 76.9% of patients (Group II), although it has occurred in 98.7% of the historic controls (p<0.05; OR: 0.04; IC: 0.03 0.04). The following symptoms were also less frequent in group II as compared to group I: hyperemesis (36.5% X 45% - p<0.05; OR: 0.7; IC: 0.4 0.9), edema (12.7% X 20% - p<0.05, OR: 0.5, IC: 0.3 0.8), enlarged uterus for gestational age (41.4% x 31.2% - p<0.05; OR: 1.5; IC: 1.0 2.3) and theca lutein cysts (16.4% X 41.2% - p<0.05; OR: 0.3; IC: 0.2 0.4). Ultrasound has become the commonest method of diagnosis (89.2% - p<0.05), allowing early detection of hydatidiform moles. CONCLUSION: there was a decrease of the traditional symptoms in current patients with hydatidiform mole as compared to historic controls, due to early diagnosis through ultrasonography.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):429-433
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisSerum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):429-433
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600002
Views117See moreOBJECTIVE: to correlate serum leptin concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: twenty-two healthy postmenopausal women were included in the present study. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Serum leptin concentrations were determined using an immunoradiometric assay. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Dunn and Pearson's correlation tests. RESULTS: mean BMD values were 0.898 ± 0.140 g/cm² at the lumbar spine and 0.760 ± 0.152 g/cm² at the femoral neck. Mean serum leptin concentration was 17.2 ± 9.4 ng/ml and no significant differences were observed among women with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis (18.6 ± 7.8, 18.9 ± 9.9 and 15.6 ± 10.6, respectively; p > 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin levels and BMD measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, when the whole sample was considered and when patients were divided into groups with osteoporosis and/or osteopenia and a control group. We observed a positive significant correlation between serum leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.66; p = 0.0044). CONCLUSIONS: there was no direct correlation between leptin and BMD in postmenopausal women, although we observed positive significant correlation between leptin and BMI. This fact indicates a possible indirect effect of leptin on bone metabolism.
Views117This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisSerum leptin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):429-433
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600002
Views117See moreOBJECTIVE: to correlate serum leptin concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: twenty-two healthy postmenopausal women were included in the present study. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Serum leptin concentrations were determined using an immunoradiometric assay. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Dunn and Pearson's correlation tests. RESULTS: mean BMD values were 0.898 ± 0.140 g/cm² at the lumbar spine and 0.760 ± 0.152 g/cm² at the femoral neck. Mean serum leptin concentration was 17.2 ± 9.4 ng/ml and no significant differences were observed among women with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis (18.6 ± 7.8, 18.9 ± 9.9 and 15.6 ± 10.6, respectively; p > 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin levels and BMD measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, when the whole sample was considered and when patients were divided into groups with osteoporosis and/or osteopenia and a control group. We observed a positive significant correlation between serum leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.66; p = 0.0044). CONCLUSIONS: there was no direct correlation between leptin and BMD in postmenopausal women, although we observed positive significant correlation between leptin and BMI. This fact indicates a possible indirect effect of leptin on bone metabolism.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):435-439
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisDuctal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):435-439
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600003
Views46See moreOBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nuclear grade, the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, and the estrogen receptors (ER) of 38 women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the same breast. METHODS: the protein profile of 38 women was investigated in a descriptive and retrospective study, through the immune-histochemical technique. The cut-off limit for positive staining was chosen at 10% or more of positive cells for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins and for ER. The analysis of the concordance between the expressions of proteins and the nuclear grade was done by the kappa coefficient, according to Landis and Koch's criteria. MacNemar's test was used to assess the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: there was a perfect concordance in the expression of p53 proteins (kappa coefficient = 1.00) and almost a perfect concordance for c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade (kappa coefficients = 0.84, 0.89 and 0.89) between in situ and invasive elements of the same tumor. CONCLUSION: there was no difference between the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade in the DCIS and invasive carcinoma of the same breast.
Views46This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisDuctal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma in the same breast: evaluation of the nuclear grade and the expressions of proteins p53 and C-erbB-2 and estrogen receptors
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):435-439
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600003
Views46See moreOBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nuclear grade, the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, and the estrogen receptors (ER) of 38 women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the same breast. METHODS: the protein profile of 38 women was investigated in a descriptive and retrospective study, through the immune-histochemical technique. The cut-off limit for positive staining was chosen at 10% or more of positive cells for p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins and for ER. The analysis of the concordance between the expressions of proteins and the nuclear grade was done by the kappa coefficient, according to Landis and Koch's criteria. MacNemar's test was used to assess the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: there was a perfect concordance in the expression of p53 proteins (kappa coefficient = 1.00) and almost a perfect concordance for c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade (kappa coefficients = 0.84, 0.89 and 0.89) between in situ and invasive elements of the same tumor. CONCLUSION: there was no difference between the expressions of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins, ER and nuclear grade in the DCIS and invasive carcinoma of the same breast.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Comparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):441-447
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisComparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):441-447
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600004
Views60See moreOBJECTIVE: to compare Baden and Walker's (BW) classification system to the International Continence Society (ICS) standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: information about urogynecological investigation on 101 women, performed by the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Sector of UNIFESP/EPM, was retrospectively analyzed. Only patients who had undergone the standard ICS exam which quantifies the pelvic prolapse were selected. According to ICS, the prolapse is analyzed through a standard reference system relating the hymen to the anatomic position of six vaginal points: two in the anterior vaginal wall, two in the vaginal apex and other two in the posterior vaginal wall. The maximum amount of pelvic organ prolapse was viewed and recorded during a Valsalva's maneuver. The measurement of the most distal point of the prolapse was performed and it was compared to the BW classification system. The data were analyzed by kappa statistics, to assess the concordance between the two terminologies. RESULTS: There was total correspondence only for the posterior vaginal prolapse stage IV (one patient) and for the uterus prolapse stage 0 (29 patients) with severe rectocele and absence of prolapse, respectively, according to BW. In the three types of prolapses evaluated, the values of kappa statistics were below 0.4, indicating a weak concordance between the two terminologies. There is an extensive variation in the measurement of the most distal point of prolapse when the BW classification is perfomed. CONCLUSIONS: there is a weak concordance between the BW classification system and the ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse.
Views60This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisComparison between Baden and Walker classification systems and ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):441-447
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600004
Views60See moreOBJECTIVE: to compare Baden and Walker's (BW) classification system to the International Continence Society (ICS) standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: information about urogynecological investigation on 101 women, performed by the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Sector of UNIFESP/EPM, was retrospectively analyzed. Only patients who had undergone the standard ICS exam which quantifies the pelvic prolapse were selected. According to ICS, the prolapse is analyzed through a standard reference system relating the hymen to the anatomic position of six vaginal points: two in the anterior vaginal wall, two in the vaginal apex and other two in the posterior vaginal wall. The maximum amount of pelvic organ prolapse was viewed and recorded during a Valsalva's maneuver. The measurement of the most distal point of the prolapse was performed and it was compared to the BW classification system. The data were analyzed by kappa statistics, to assess the concordance between the two terminologies. RESULTS: There was total correspondence only for the posterior vaginal prolapse stage IV (one patient) and for the uterus prolapse stage 0 (29 patients) with severe rectocele and absence of prolapse, respectively, according to BW. In the three types of prolapses evaluated, the values of kappa statistics were below 0.4, indicating a weak concordance between the two terminologies. There is an extensive variation in the measurement of the most distal point of prolapse when the BW classification is perfomed. CONCLUSIONS: there is a weak concordance between the BW classification system and the ICS standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Prediction of fetal growth restriction by biometry of the transverse diameter of the cerebellum
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):349-354
08-04-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisPrediction of fetal growth restriction by biometry of the transverse diameter of the cerebellum
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):349-354
08-04-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000500002
Views56See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of both the transverse diameter of the cerebellum (TDC) and of the transverse diameter/abdominal circumference (TDC/AC) ratio in the detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR), in high-risk pregnancies. METHOD: a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 260 patients with gestational age between 28 and 40 weeks. The TDC and AC of fetuses were measured through ultrasound and the fetuses with TDC below the 10th percentile or TDC/AC ratio above the 90th percentile (>14.6) were classified as FGR suspects. After birth, the accuracy of the TDC and TDC/AC was evaluated using the neonatal diagnosis of FGR as the gold standard (birth weight <10th percentile). RESULTS: after birth, 79 newborns (30.4%) were classified as small for gestational age. The TDC was appropriate in 74 (93.7%) of these fetuses and small in only 5 (6.3%). The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and accuracy of the TDC in the prediction of FGR were 6.3, 93.4, 29.4, 69.5, and 67%, respectively. The TDC/AC >14.6 correctly identified 59 of the 79 growth-restricted fetuses, with 27 false-positives and 20 false-negatives, SE of 74.5%, SP of 85.1%, PPV of 68.6%, NPV of 88.5% and 81.9% accuracy. CONCLUSION: the TDC is not a good screening parameter for the detection of FGR while the TDC/AC ratio above the 90th percentile is effective in this detection.
Views56This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisPrediction of fetal growth restriction by biometry of the transverse diameter of the cerebellum
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(5):349-354
08-04-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000500002
Views56See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of both the transverse diameter of the cerebellum (TDC) and of the transverse diameter/abdominal circumference (TDC/AC) ratio in the detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR), in high-risk pregnancies. METHOD: a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 260 patients with gestational age between 28 and 40 weeks. The TDC and AC of fetuses were measured through ultrasound and the fetuses with TDC below the 10th percentile or TDC/AC ratio above the 90th percentile (>14.6) were classified as FGR suspects. After birth, the accuracy of the TDC and TDC/AC was evaluated using the neonatal diagnosis of FGR as the gold standard (birth weight <10th percentile). RESULTS: after birth, 79 newborns (30.4%) were classified as small for gestational age. The TDC was appropriate in 74 (93.7%) of these fetuses and small in only 5 (6.3%). The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and accuracy of the TDC in the prediction of FGR were 6.3, 93.4, 29.4, 69.5, and 67%, respectively. The TDC/AC >14.6 correctly identified 59 of the 79 growth-restricted fetuses, with 27 false-positives and 20 false-negatives, SE of 74.5%, SP of 85.1%, PPV of 68.6%, NPV of 88.5% and 81.9% accuracy. CONCLUSION: the TDC is not a good screening parameter for the detection of FGR while the TDC/AC ratio above the 90th percentile is effective in this detection.
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