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Review Article01-11-2020
Reproductive Outcomes in Cases of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review
- Bruno Ramalho de Carvalho
, - Andrea Prestes Nácul ,
- Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto ,
- Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva ,
- José Maria Soares Júnior , [ ... ],
- Edmund Chada Baracat
Abstract
Review ArticleReproductive Outcomes in Cases of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(12):829-833
- Bruno Ramalho de Carvalho ,
- Andrea Prestes Nácul ,
- Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto ,
- Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva ,
- José Maria Soares Júnior ,
- Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel ,
- Edmund Chada Baracat
Views228Abstract
Thyroid diseases are relatively common in women in the reproductive period. It is currently understood that clinically-evident thyroid disorders may impair ovulation and, consequently, fertility. However, to date it has not been proven that high serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or positivity for antithyroid antibodies are associated to a reduction in fertility, mainly in the absence of altered thyroxine levels. The present comprehensive review aims to present current data on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and/or thyroid autoimmunity and reproductive outcomes.
Key-words autoimmunityfemale infertilityHypothyroidismthyroid diseasesthyroid function teststhyroid hormonesSee moreViews228
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleReproductive Outcomes in Cases of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(12):829-833
- Bruno Ramalho de Carvalho ,
- Andrea Prestes Nácul ,
- Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto ,
- Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva ,
- José Maria Soares Júnior ,
- Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel ,
- Edmund Chada Baracat
Views228Abstract
Thyroid diseases are relatively common in women in the reproductive period. It is currently understood that clinically-evident thyroid disorders may impair ovulation and, consequently, fertility. However, to date it has not been proven that high serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or positivity for antithyroid antibodies are associated to a reduction in fertility, mainly in the absence of altered thyroxine levels. The present comprehensive review aims to present current data on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and/or thyroid autoimmunity and reproductive outcomes.
Key-words autoimmunityfemale infertilityHypothyroidismthyroid diseasesthyroid function teststhyroid hormonesSee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Bruno Ramalho de Carvalho
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Review Article01-11-2020
Update on Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy
- Simone Filipa Carrasqueira Subtil ,
- Jorge Miguel Bastos Mendes ,
- Ana Luísa Fialho de Amaral Areia ,
- José Paulo Achando Silva Moura
Abstract
Review ArticleUpdate on Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(12):834-840
- Simone Filipa Carrasqueira Subtil ,
- Jorge Miguel Bastos Mendes ,
- Ana Luísa Fialho de Amaral Areia ,
- José Paulo Achando Silva Moura
Views264See moreAbstract
Thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count < 150,000mm3, is frequently diagnosed by obstetricians since this parameter is included in routine surveillance during pregnancy, with an incidence of between 7 and 12%. Therefore, decisions regarding subsequent examination and management are primordial. While most of the cases are due to physiological changes, as gestational thrombocytopenia, other causes can be related to severe conditions that can lead to fetal or maternal death. Differentiating these conditions might be challenging: they can be pregnancy-specific (pre-eclampsia/ HELLP syndrome [hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets]), or not (immune thrombocytopenia purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome). Understanding the mechanisms and recognition of symptoms and signs is essential to decide an adequate line of investigation. The severity of thrombocytopenia, its etiology and gestational age dictates different treatment regimens.
Views264This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleUpdate on Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(12):834-840
- Simone Filipa Carrasqueira Subtil ,
- Jorge Miguel Bastos Mendes ,
- Ana Luísa Fialho de Amaral Areia ,
- José Paulo Achando Silva Moura
Views264See moreAbstract
Thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count < 150,000mm3, is frequently diagnosed by obstetricians since this parameter is included in routine surveillance during pregnancy, with an incidence of between 7 and 12%. Therefore, decisions regarding subsequent examination and management are primordial. While most of the cases are due to physiological changes, as gestational thrombocytopenia, other causes can be related to severe conditions that can lead to fetal or maternal death. Differentiating these conditions might be challenging: they can be pregnancy-specific (pre-eclampsia/ HELLP syndrome [hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets]), or not (immune thrombocytopenia purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome). Understanding the mechanisms and recognition of symptoms and signs is essential to decide an adequate line of investigation. The severity of thrombocytopenia, its etiology and gestational age dictates different treatment regimens.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Simone Filipa Carrasqueira Subtil
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Review Article12-21-2020
Cytotoxic Activity of Antineoplastic Agents on Fertility: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):759-768
Abstract
Review ArticleCytotoxic Activity of Antineoplastic Agents on Fertility: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):759-768
Views162See moreAbstract
Objective:
To analyze the long-term effects of antineoplastic treatments on patient fertility.
Selection of Studies:
The studies were selected through the New PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases along with references used for the creation of the present work. For the selection of studies, articles published between the periods from January 1, 2015 to April 6, 2020 in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were used. As inclusion criteria: cohort studies and studies conducted in vitro. As exclusion criteria: review articles, reported cases, studies that do not address thematic reproduction, studies that do not address the cancer theme, articles that used animals, articles that address the preservation of fertility and articles in duplicate in the bases.
Data Collection:
The collected data included: age of the patient at the beginning of treatment, type of neoplasm, type of antineoplastic treatment, chemotherapy used, radiotherapy dosage, radiotherapy site, effect of antineoplastic agents on fertility and number of patients in the study.
Data Synthesis:
Thirty studies were evaluated, antineoplastic chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy modulate serum hormone levels, reduces germ cell quantities and correlated with an increase in sterility rates. The effects mentioned occur in patients in the prepubertal and postpubertal age.
Conclusion:
Antineoplastic treatments have cytotoxic effects on the germ cells leading to hormonal modulation, and pubertal status does not interfere with the cytotoxic action of therapies.
Views162This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleCytotoxic Activity of Antineoplastic Agents on Fertility: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):759-768
Views162See moreAbstract
Objective:
To analyze the long-term effects of antineoplastic treatments on patient fertility.
Selection of Studies:
The studies were selected through the New PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases along with references used for the creation of the present work. For the selection of studies, articles published between the periods from January 1, 2015 to April 6, 2020 in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were used. As inclusion criteria: cohort studies and studies conducted in vitro. As exclusion criteria: review articles, reported cases, studies that do not address thematic reproduction, studies that do not address the cancer theme, articles that used animals, articles that address the preservation of fertility and articles in duplicate in the bases.
Data Collection:
The collected data included: age of the patient at the beginning of treatment, type of neoplasm, type of antineoplastic treatment, chemotherapy used, radiotherapy dosage, radiotherapy site, effect of antineoplastic agents on fertility and number of patients in the study.
Data Synthesis:
Thirty studies were evaluated, antineoplastic chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy modulate serum hormone levels, reduces germ cell quantities and correlated with an increase in sterility rates. The effects mentioned occur in patients in the prepubertal and postpubertal age.
Conclusion:
Antineoplastic treatments have cytotoxic effects on the germ cells leading to hormonal modulation, and pubertal status does not interfere with the cytotoxic action of therapies.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Review Article12-21-2020
Use of GnRH Analogues in the Reduction of Submucous Fibroid for Surgical Hysteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Thayane Delazari Corrêa ,
- Isabela Maciel Caetano ,
- Pedro Henrique Tannure Saraiva ,
- Maurício Bechara Noviello,
- Admário Silva Santos Filho
Abstract
Review ArticleUse of GnRH Analogues in the Reduction of Submucous Fibroid for Surgical Hysteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(10):649-658
- Thayane Delazari Corrêa ,
- Isabela Maciel Caetano ,
- Pedro Henrique Tannure Saraiva ,
- Maurício Bechara Noviello,
- Admário Silva Santos Filho
Views279See moreAbstract
Objective
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) have been used preoperatively before hysteroscopic myomectomy to decrease the size and vascularization of the myomas, but evidence to support this practice is weak. Our objective was to analyze the use of GnRH-a in the reduction of submucous fibroid as a facilitator for surgical hysteroscopy from published clinical trials.
Data sources
Studies from electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, EMBASE, Scopus, PROSPERO), published between 1980 and December 2018. The keywords used were fibroid, GnRH analogue, submucous, histeroscopy, histeroscopic resection and their correspondents in Portuguese.
Study selection
The inclusion criteria were controlled trials that evaluated the GnRH-a treatment before hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas. Four clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis.
Data collection
Two review authors extracted the data without modification of the original data, using the agreed form. We resolved discrepancies through discussion or, if required, we consulted a third person.
Data synthesis
The present meta-analysis included a total of 213 women and showed no statistically significant differences in the use of GnRH-a compared with the control group for complete resection of submucous myoma (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95%; confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.11); operative time (mean difference [MD]: - 3.81; 95%;CI : - 3.81-2.13); fluid absorption (MD: - 65.90; 95%;CI: - 9.75-2.13); or complications (RR 0.92; 95%;CI: 0.18-4.82).
Conclusion
The present review did not support the routine preoperative use of GnRH-a prior to hysteroscopic myomectomy. However, it is not possible to determine its inferiority when compared with the other methods due to the heterogeneity of existing studies and the small sample size.
Views279This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleUse of GnRH Analogues in the Reduction of Submucous Fibroid for Surgical Hysteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(10):649-658
- Thayane Delazari Corrêa ,
- Isabela Maciel Caetano ,
- Pedro Henrique Tannure Saraiva ,
- Maurício Bechara Noviello,
- Admário Silva Santos Filho
Views279See moreAbstract
Objective
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) have been used preoperatively before hysteroscopic myomectomy to decrease the size and vascularization of the myomas, but evidence to support this practice is weak. Our objective was to analyze the use of GnRH-a in the reduction of submucous fibroid as a facilitator for surgical hysteroscopy from published clinical trials.
Data sources
Studies from electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, EMBASE, Scopus, PROSPERO), published between 1980 and December 2018. The keywords used were fibroid, GnRH analogue, submucous, histeroscopy, histeroscopic resection and their correspondents in Portuguese.
Study selection
The inclusion criteria were controlled trials that evaluated the GnRH-a treatment before hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas. Four clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis.
Data collection
Two review authors extracted the data without modification of the original data, using the agreed form. We resolved discrepancies through discussion or, if required, we consulted a third person.
Data synthesis
The present meta-analysis included a total of 213 women and showed no statistically significant differences in the use of GnRH-a compared with the control group for complete resection of submucous myoma (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95%; confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.11); operative time (mean difference [MD]: - 3.81; 95%;CI : - 3.81-2.13); fluid absorption (MD: - 65.90; 95%;CI: - 9.75-2.13); or complications (RR 0.92; 95%;CI: 0.18-4.82).
Conclusion
The present review did not support the routine preoperative use of GnRH-a prior to hysteroscopic myomectomy. However, it is not possible to determine its inferiority when compared with the other methods due to the heterogeneity of existing studies and the small sample size.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Thayane Delazari Corrêa
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Review Article12-21-2020
Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
- Nádya Santos Moura ,
- Maria Luziene Sousa Gomes ,
- Ivana Rios Rodrigues ,
- Daniel Lorber Rolnik ,
- Fabrício Silva Costa , [ ... ],
- Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá
Abstract
Review ArticleClinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(10):659-668
- Nádya Santos Moura ,
- Maria Luziene Sousa Gomes ,
- Ivana Rios Rodrigues ,
- Daniel Lorber Rolnik ,
- Fabrício Silva Costa ,
- Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá
Views289See moreAbstract
Objective
To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia.
Data Sources
A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.
Selection of Studies
In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis.
Data Collection
The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations.
Data Synthesis
In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia.
Conclusion
According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.
Views289This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleClinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(10):659-668
- Nádya Santos Moura ,
- Maria Luziene Sousa Gomes ,
- Ivana Rios Rodrigues ,
- Daniel Lorber Rolnik ,
- Fabrício Silva Costa ,
- Mônica Oliveira Batista Oriá
Views289See moreAbstract
Objective
To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia.
Data Sources
A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.
Selection of Studies
In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis.
Data Collection
The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations.
Data Synthesis
In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia.
Conclusion
According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Nádya Santos Moura
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Review Article12-21-2020
Do Thyroid Diseases during Pregnancy and Lactation Affect the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?
- Fernanda de Oliveira Lopes ,
- Fernanda Valente Mendes Soares ,
- Danielle Aparecida da Silva ,
- Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
Abstract
Review ArticleDo Thyroid Diseases during Pregnancy and Lactation Affect the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):752-758
- Fernanda de Oliveira Lopes ,
- Fernanda Valente Mendes Soares ,
- Danielle Aparecida da Silva ,
- Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
Views181See moreAbstract
Objective:
To identify whether the effects of thyroid disease during pregnancy and lactation affect the nutritional composition of human milk.
Methods:
Systematic review of the scientific literature using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/MedLine databases to evaluate the association of thyroid diseases during pregnancy and lactation with the nutritional composition of human milk. There was no delimitation by period or by language, and the searches were completed in March 2019. The following descriptors were applied: human milk AND thyroid AND composition, using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol for data search, selection, and extraction. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 12 articles and, of these, four were selected.
Results:
The articles elected for this review were published between 1976 and 2018. Two studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of mothers' milk with hypothyroidism or overweight compared with the milk of those without hypothyroidism. Studies have shown that the presence of the disease led to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk, especially a higher concentration of human milk fat.
Conclusion:
It is extremely important that these women have continuous nutritional follow-up to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk.
Views181This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleDo Thyroid Diseases during Pregnancy and Lactation Affect the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(11):752-758
- Fernanda de Oliveira Lopes ,
- Fernanda Valente Mendes Soares ,
- Danielle Aparecida da Silva ,
- Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
Views181See moreAbstract
Objective:
To identify whether the effects of thyroid disease during pregnancy and lactation affect the nutritional composition of human milk.
Methods:
Systematic review of the scientific literature using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/MedLine databases to evaluate the association of thyroid diseases during pregnancy and lactation with the nutritional composition of human milk. There was no delimitation by period or by language, and the searches were completed in March 2019. The following descriptors were applied: human milk AND thyroid AND composition, using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol for data search, selection, and extraction. The flowchart proposed for bibliographic search resulted in 12 articles and, of these, four were selected.
Results:
The articles elected for this review were published between 1976 and 2018. Two studies found significant differences in the nutritional composition of mothers' milk with hypothyroidism or overweight compared with the milk of those without hypothyroidism. Studies have shown that the presence of the disease led to changes in the nutritional composition of human milk, especially a higher concentration of human milk fat.
Conclusion:
It is extremely important that these women have continuous nutritional follow-up to minimize the impact of these morbidities on the nutritional composition of human milk.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Fernanda de Oliveira Lopes
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Review Article10-23-2020
SARS-CoV-2 and Pregnancy: A Review of the Facts
- Ricardo Mamber Czeresnia ,
- Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad ,
- Ingrid Schwach Werneck Britto ,
- Romulo Negrini ,
- Marcelo Luís Nomura , [ ... ],
- Rodrigo Ruano
Abstract
Review ArticleSARS-CoV-2 and Pregnancy: A Review of the Facts
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(9):562-568
- Ricardo Mamber Czeresnia ,
- Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad ,
- Ingrid Schwach Werneck Britto ,
- Romulo Negrini ,
- Marcelo Luís Nomura ,
- Pedro Pires ,
- Fabricio da Silva Costa ,
- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura ,
- Rodrigo Ruano
Views251See moreAbstract
Objective
The present comprehensive review aims to show the full extent of what is known to date and provide a more thorough view on the effects of SARS-CoV2 in pregnancy.
Methods
Between March 29 and May, 2020, the words COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, COVID- 19 and pregnancy, SARS-CoV2 and pregnancy, and SARS and pregnancy were searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the guidelines from well-known societies and institutions (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [RCOG], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology [ISUOG], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) were also included.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a pandemic with > 3.3 million cases and 230 thousand deaths until May 2nd. It is caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and may lead to severe pulmonary infection and multi-organ failure. Past experiences show that unique characteristics in pregnancy make pregnant women more susceptible to complications from viral infections. Yet, this has not been reported with this new virus. There are risk factors that seem to increase morbidity in pregnancy, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 35), asthma and cardiovascular disease. Current reports describe an increased rate of pretermbirth and C-section. Vertical transmission
Views251This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticleSARS-CoV-2 and Pregnancy: A Review of the Facts
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(9):562-568
- Ricardo Mamber Czeresnia ,
- Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad ,
- Ingrid Schwach Werneck Britto ,
- Romulo Negrini ,
- Marcelo Luís Nomura ,
- Pedro Pires ,
- Fabricio da Silva Costa ,
- Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura ,
- Rodrigo Ruano
Views251See moreAbstract
Objective
The present comprehensive review aims to show the full extent of what is known to date and provide a more thorough view on the effects of SARS-CoV2 in pregnancy.
Methods
Between March 29 and May, 2020, the words COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, COVID- 19 and pregnancy, SARS-CoV2 and pregnancy, and SARS and pregnancy were searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the guidelines from well-known societies and institutions (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [RCOG], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology [ISUOG], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) were also included.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a pandemic with > 3.3 million cases and 230 thousand deaths until May 2nd. It is caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and may lead to severe pulmonary infection and multi-organ failure. Past experiences show that unique characteristics in pregnancy make pregnant women more susceptible to complications from viral infections. Yet, this has not been reported with this new virus. There are risk factors that seem to increase morbidity in pregnancy, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 35), asthma and cardiovascular disease. Current reports describe an increased rate of pretermbirth and C-section. Vertical transmission
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. - Ricardo Mamber Czeresnia
-
Review Article10-23-2020
Practical Recommendations for the Management of Benign Adnexal Masses
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(9):569-576
Abstract
Review ArticlePractical Recommendations for the Management of Benign Adnexal Masses
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(9):569-576
Views195Abstract
Objective
To performa comprehensive review to provide practical recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of benign adnexal masses, as well as information for appropriate consent, regarding possible loss of the ovarian reserve.
Methods
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify the most relevant data about this subject.
Results
In total, 48 studies addressed the necessary aspects of the review, and we described their epidemiology, diagnoses, treatment options with detailed techniques, and perspectives regarding future fertility.
Conclusions
Adnexal masses are extremely common. The application of diagnosis algorithms is mandatory to exclude malignancy. A great number of cases can bemanaged with surveillance. Surgery, when necessary, should be performed with adequate techniques. However, even in the hands of experienced surgeons, there is a significant decrease in ovarian reserves, especially in cases of endometriomas. There is an evident necessity of studies that focus on the long-term impact on fertility.
Key-words Adnexal massesFertility preservationInfertilityOvarian cystsOvarian reserveOvarian surgerySee moreViews195This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Review ArticlePractical Recommendations for the Management of Benign Adnexal Masses
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(9):569-576
Views195Abstract
Objective
To performa comprehensive review to provide practical recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of benign adnexal masses, as well as information for appropriate consent, regarding possible loss of the ovarian reserve.
Methods
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify the most relevant data about this subject.
Results
In total, 48 studies addressed the necessary aspects of the review, and we described their epidemiology, diagnoses, treatment options with detailed techniques, and perspectives regarding future fertility.
Conclusions
Adnexal masses are extremely common. The application of diagnosis algorithms is mandatory to exclude malignancy. A great number of cases can bemanaged with surveillance. Surgery, when necessary, should be performed with adequate techniques. However, even in the hands of experienced surgeons, there is a significant decrease in ovarian reserves, especially in cases of endometriomas. There is an evident necessity of studies that focus on the long-term impact on fertility.
Key-words Adnexal massesFertility preservationInfertilityOvarian cystsOvarian reserveOvarian surgerySee moreThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review Article Archives - Page 8 of 24 - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
