Vaginal discharge Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(8):600-607
To determine the concordance between the clinical diagnosis of women with abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) and laboratory results using molecular detection and observation of the vaginal microbiota.
Cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in Temuco, Chile. A total of 25 midwives from 12 health centers participated. A total of 125 women>18 years old, volunteers, were recruited. The sample of the posterior vaginal fornix was obtained by speculoscopy. Characteristics of the discharge and of the external and internal genitalia were observed. Gram staining was used to observe vaginal microbiota, blastoconidia and pseudohyphae, and polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. The Cohen kappa coefficient was used in the concordance analysis.
Out of a total of 125 women with AVD, 85.6% consulted spontaneously and 14.4% were diagnosed clinically during a routine check-up. Absolute concordance was significant (p=0.0012), with an agreement of 13.6%. The relative concordance was significant, but fair for bacterial vaginosis (Kappa=0.21; p=0.003) and candidiasis (Kappa=0.22; p=0.001), and slight for trichomoniasis (Kappa=0.14; p=0.009). The percentage of coincidence of the diagnoses (single or mixed) by laboratory and midwives was: bacterial vaginosis 63.2% (12/19), candidiasis 36.5% (27/74), and trichomoniasis 12.5% (4/32). There was 20% coinfection. A total of 36% of the clinical diagnoses of AVD had negative laboratory tests.
The vulvovaginitis conditions candidiasis and trichomoniasis appear to be overdiagnosed, and bacterial vaginosis appears to be underdiagnosed by the clinical diagnosis when compared with the laboratory diagnosis. The low concordance obtained shows the importance of complementing the clinical diagnosis with a laboratory study of AVD, particularly in women with failed treatments and/or coinfections with unspecific and varying signs and symptoms.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(8):600-607
To determine the concordance between the clinical diagnosis of women with abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) and laboratory results using molecular detection and observation of the vaginal microbiota.
Cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in Temuco, Chile. A total of 25 midwives from 12 health centers participated. A total of 125 women>18 years old, volunteers, were recruited. The sample of the posterior vaginal fornix was obtained by speculoscopy. Characteristics of the discharge and of the external and internal genitalia were observed. Gram staining was used to observe vaginal microbiota, blastoconidia and pseudohyphae, and polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. The Cohen kappa coefficient was used in the concordance analysis.
Out of a total of 125 women with AVD, 85.6% consulted spontaneously and 14.4% were diagnosed clinically during a routine check-up. Absolute concordance was significant (p=0.0012), with an agreement of 13.6%. The relative concordance was significant, but fair for bacterial vaginosis (Kappa=0.21; p=0.003) and candidiasis (Kappa=0.22; p=0.001), and slight for trichomoniasis (Kappa=0.14; p=0.009). The percentage of coincidence of the diagnoses (single or mixed) by laboratory and midwives was: bacterial vaginosis 63.2% (12/19), candidiasis 36.5% (27/74), and trichomoniasis 12.5% (4/32). There was 20% coinfection. A total of 36% of the clinical diagnoses of AVD had negative laboratory tests.
The vulvovaginitis conditions candidiasis and trichomoniasis appear to be overdiagnosed, and bacterial vaginosis appears to be underdiagnosed by the clinical diagnosis when compared with the laboratory diagnosis. The low concordance obtained shows the importance of complementing the clinical diagnosis with a laboratory study of AVD, particularly in women with failed treatments and/or coinfections with unspecific and varying signs and symptoms.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(10):641-646
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in menopausal and in infertile outpatients and to analyze the current clinical diagnostic methods. Methods: we evaluated retrospectively 104 menopausal women and 86 with infertility. Characteristic vaginal discharge on gynecological examination, pH >4.5, positive KOH whiff test, and bacterial vaginosis by Gram test were considered positive. BV was established when at least 3 out of 4 criteria were found. Results: among the menopausal women, 29 patients (28.1%) were clinically positive for BV, 10 (9.6%) had positive whiff test, 68 (65.4%) vaginal pH >4.5, and 34 (32.7%) positive Gram test. For the infertile patients the figures were 20 (23.2%), 13 (15.1%), 61 (70.9%) and 26 (30.2%), respectively. According to our established criteria, BV was diagnosed in 14 menopausal (13.5%) and 15 infertile (17.4%) women. Conclusion: bacterial vaginosis prevalence was similar in both groups of patients. In addition, all diagnostic criteria should be followed in order to avoid underdiagnosing this pathology or treating an otherwise normal vaginal flora.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(10):641-646
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in menopausal and in infertile outpatients and to analyze the current clinical diagnostic methods. Methods: we evaluated retrospectively 104 menopausal women and 86 with infertility. Characteristic vaginal discharge on gynecological examination, pH >4.5, positive KOH whiff test, and bacterial vaginosis by Gram test were considered positive. BV was established when at least 3 out of 4 criteria were found. Results: among the menopausal women, 29 patients (28.1%) were clinically positive for BV, 10 (9.6%) had positive whiff test, 68 (65.4%) vaginal pH >4.5, and 34 (32.7%) positive Gram test. For the infertile patients the figures were 20 (23.2%), 13 (15.1%), 61 (70.9%) and 26 (30.2%), respectively. According to our established criteria, BV was diagnosed in 14 menopausal (13.5%) and 15 infertile (17.4%) women. Conclusion: bacterial vaginosis prevalence was similar in both groups of patients. In addition, all diagnostic criteria should be followed in order to avoid underdiagnosing this pathology or treating an otherwise normal vaginal flora.
