Risk assessment Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo62
, , , , , , , To report the prevalence of malignant transformation of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) and possible risk factors.
This is a cohort study with data analysis from medical records of 138 patients with histological diagnosis of VLS registered at the Vulvar Pathology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital, between 2007 and 2017. Predominance of risk factors was performed using logistic regression analysis. The variables studied were the length of follow-up, age, regular or irregular follow up; presence of symptoms (dyspareunia, pruritus and/or vulvar burning); histology characteristics, the presence of epithelial hyperplasia; and the presence of autoimmune diseases.
There were 138 patients included in the study, and among them five progressed to malignant transformation. The patients had a median age of 59 years and 83% were symptomatic. The most frequent symptom was itching with 72%. Autoimmune diseases were present in 11.6%, the most prevalent being thyroid disease. All five case of malignant transformation (0.6%) had an irregular follow up. The logistic regression analysis was used among the studied variables, and no statistical significance was found among them (p ≥ 0.05). The relationship between hyperplasia and the clinical outcome of malignant transformation, in which non-significant but acceptable p value close to 0.05 was observed.
The prevalence of malignant transformation in patients with VLS was 0.6%, and common factors were the lack of adherence to medical treatments and the loss of follow-up.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo62
, , , , , , , To report the prevalence of malignant transformation of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) and possible risk factors.
This is a cohort study with data analysis from medical records of 138 patients with histological diagnosis of VLS registered at the Vulvar Pathology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital, between 2007 and 2017. Predominance of risk factors was performed using logistic regression analysis. The variables studied were the length of follow-up, age, regular or irregular follow up; presence of symptoms (dyspareunia, pruritus and/or vulvar burning); histology characteristics, the presence of epithelial hyperplasia; and the presence of autoimmune diseases.
There were 138 patients included in the study, and among them five progressed to malignant transformation. The patients had a median age of 59 years and 83% were symptomatic. The most frequent symptom was itching with 72%. Autoimmune diseases were present in 11.6%, the most prevalent being thyroid disease. All five case of malignant transformation (0.6%) had an irregular follow up. The logistic regression analysis was used among the studied variables, and no statistical significance was found among them (p ≥ 0.05). The relationship between hyperplasia and the clinical outcome of malignant transformation, in which non-significant but acceptable p value close to 0.05 was observed.
The prevalence of malignant transformation in patients with VLS was 0.6%, and common factors were the lack of adherence to medical treatments and the loss of follow-up.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(2):65-71
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032014000200004
To analyze the relationships among gestational risk, type of delivery and
immediate maternal and neonatal repercussions.
A retrospective cohort study based on secondary data was conducted in a
university maternity hospital. A total of 1606 births were analyzed over a 9-month
period. Epidemiological, clinical, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were
compared according to the route of delivery and the gestational risk characterized
on the basis of the eligibility criteria for high clinical risk. The occurrence of
maternal and neonatal complications during hospitalization was analyzed according
to gestational risk and cesarean section delivery using univariate and
multivariate logistic analysis.
The overall rate of cesarean sections was 38.3%. High gestational risk was
present in 50.2% of births, mainly represented by hypertensive disorders and fetal
malformations. The total incidence of cesarean section, planned cesarean section
or emergency cesarean section was more frequent in pregnant women at gestational
high risk (p<0.001). Cesarean section alone did not influence maternal outcome,
but was associated with poor neonatal outcome (OR 3.4; 95%CI 2.7-4.4). Gestational
high risk was associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcome (OR 3.8; 95%CI
1.3-8.7 and OR 17.5; 95%CI 11.6-26.3, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the
ratios were maintained, although the effect of gestational risk has determined a
reduction in the OR of the type of delivery alone from 3.4 (95%CI 2.7-4.4) to 1.99
(95%CI 1.5-2.6) for adverse neonatal outcome.
Gestational risk was the main factor associated with poor maternal and neonatal
outcome. Cesarean delivery was not directly associated with poor maternal outcome
but increased the chances of unfavorable neonatal outcomes.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(2):65-71
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032014000200004
To analyze the relationships among gestational risk, type of delivery and
immediate maternal and neonatal repercussions.
A retrospective cohort study based on secondary data was conducted in a
university maternity hospital. A total of 1606 births were analyzed over a 9-month
period. Epidemiological, clinical, obstetric and neonatal characteristics were
compared according to the route of delivery and the gestational risk characterized
on the basis of the eligibility criteria for high clinical risk. The occurrence of
maternal and neonatal complications during hospitalization was analyzed according
to gestational risk and cesarean section delivery using univariate and
multivariate logistic analysis.
The overall rate of cesarean sections was 38.3%. High gestational risk was
present in 50.2% of births, mainly represented by hypertensive disorders and fetal
malformations. The total incidence of cesarean section, planned cesarean section
or emergency cesarean section was more frequent in pregnant women at gestational
high risk (p<0.001). Cesarean section alone did not influence maternal outcome,
but was associated with poor neonatal outcome (OR 3.4; 95%CI 2.7-4.4). Gestational
high risk was associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcome (OR 3.8; 95%CI
1.3-8.7 and OR 17.5; 95%CI 11.6-26.3, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the
ratios were maintained, although the effect of gestational risk has determined a
reduction in the OR of the type of delivery alone from 3.4 (95%CI 2.7-4.4) to 1.99
(95%CI 1.5-2.6) for adverse neonatal outcome.
Gestational risk was the main factor associated with poor maternal and neonatal
outcome. Cesarean delivery was not directly associated with poor maternal outcome
but increased the chances of unfavorable neonatal outcomes.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(9):394-400
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000900003
PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of the measurement of cervical length and of the test for phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) performed sequentially in the prediction of preterm birth and the correlation between tests. METHODS: We analyzed data from 101 asymptomatic pregnant women with a history of premature delivery. The ultrasound measurement of cervical length and phIGFBP-1 test were performed in parallel every three weeks, between 24 and 34 week. The best cutoff value for each cervical evaluation was established by the ROC curve, and the two tests were compared using nonparametric tests. We determined the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each test and of the association of the exams for the occurrence of delivery before the 37th weeks. RESULTS: There were 25 preterm births (24.8%). The cervix length showed the highest sensitivity and was able to predict preterm birth in all evaluations, with similar accuracy at different gestational ages. The test for phIGFBP-1 was not helpful at 24 weeks, but was able to predict prematurity when performed at 27, 30 and 33 weeks. The combination of tests increased the sensitivity (81.8%) and negative predictive value (93.7%) when compared to the separate use of each test. The mean cervical length was lower in women with a positive test. CONCLUSIONS: Both cervical length and the test for phIGFBP-1 were able to predict premature delivery, and sequential combination of both tests showed a high sensitivity and high negative predictive value.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(9):394-400
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000900003
PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of the measurement of cervical length and of the test for phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) performed sequentially in the prediction of preterm birth and the correlation between tests. METHODS: We analyzed data from 101 asymptomatic pregnant women with a history of premature delivery. The ultrasound measurement of cervical length and phIGFBP-1 test were performed in parallel every three weeks, between 24 and 34 week. The best cutoff value for each cervical evaluation was established by the ROC curve, and the two tests were compared using nonparametric tests. We determined the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each test and of the association of the exams for the occurrence of delivery before the 37th weeks. RESULTS: There were 25 preterm births (24.8%). The cervix length showed the highest sensitivity and was able to predict preterm birth in all evaluations, with similar accuracy at different gestational ages. The test for phIGFBP-1 was not helpful at 24 weeks, but was able to predict prematurity when performed at 27, 30 and 33 weeks. The combination of tests increased the sensitivity (81.8%) and negative predictive value (93.7%) when compared to the separate use of each test. The mean cervical length was lower in women with a positive test. CONCLUSIONS: Both cervical length and the test for phIGFBP-1 were able to predict premature delivery, and sequential combination of both tests showed a high sensitivity and high negative predictive value.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(4):203-209
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000400008
Among the clinical factors for preterm birth, some confer substantial increased risk, including a history of preterm birth, multiple gestation and vaginal bleeding in the second trimester. However, these factors are present only in a minority of women who ultimately deliver preterm and thus have low sensitivity. Cervical dilatation, effacement and position as determined by manual examination have been related to an increased risk of preterm birth but also suffer from low sensitivity and positive predictive values. Cervical length measured with transvaginal ultrasound has also been related to an increased risk of preterm birth as cervical length decreases. The reported sensitivity is better than other tests, but positive predictive value is low. The principal utility of the fetal fibronectin assay lies in its negative predictive value in symptomatic women. Increased sensitivity has been reported when cervical length is used in combination with fetal fibronectin.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(4):203-209
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000400008
Among the clinical factors for preterm birth, some confer substantial increased risk, including a history of preterm birth, multiple gestation and vaginal bleeding in the second trimester. However, these factors are present only in a minority of women who ultimately deliver preterm and thus have low sensitivity. Cervical dilatation, effacement and position as determined by manual examination have been related to an increased risk of preterm birth but also suffer from low sensitivity and positive predictive values. Cervical length measured with transvaginal ultrasound has also been related to an increased risk of preterm birth as cervical length decreases. The reported sensitivity is better than other tests, but positive predictive value is low. The principal utility of the fetal fibronectin assay lies in its negative predictive value in symptomatic women. Increased sensitivity has been reported when cervical length is used in combination with fetal fibronectin.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(7):370-375
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000700008
Studies have shown possible risk relations among oral illnesses, mainly periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as prematurity, low birth weight and preeclampsia. The explanation for this hypothesis is based on the fact that periodontal disease is an infectious state, which may increase maternal serum cytokines through the release of such agents directly from the periodontal pocket or by through the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria, inducing systemic production. This assumption is based on the knowledge that the physiopathology of the pregnancy complications cited above is associated with the presence of some cytokines in the maternal serum. The present study work has the objective to review literature in search of evidence to these alleged associations. Although a number of clinical studies have been found in this review, we noticed a lack of methodological standards, what limits the conclusions about this topic. On the other side, the fact that periodontal disease is not yet a confirmed risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes does not reduce the importance of oral health maintenance during pregnancy, since it is important to allow adequate feeding without pain and bleeding in order to maintain an adequate nutritional supply.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(7):370-375
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000700008
Studies have shown possible risk relations among oral illnesses, mainly periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as prematurity, low birth weight and preeclampsia. The explanation for this hypothesis is based on the fact that periodontal disease is an infectious state, which may increase maternal serum cytokines through the release of such agents directly from the periodontal pocket or by through the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria, inducing systemic production. This assumption is based on the knowledge that the physiopathology of the pregnancy complications cited above is associated with the presence of some cytokines in the maternal serum. The present study work has the objective to review literature in search of evidence to these alleged associations. Although a number of clinical studies have been found in this review, we noticed a lack of methodological standards, what limits the conclusions about this topic. On the other side, the fact that periodontal disease is not yet a confirmed risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes does not reduce the importance of oral health maintenance during pregnancy, since it is important to allow adequate feeding without pain and bleeding in order to maintain an adequate nutritional supply.