Recurrent abortion Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(10):621-627
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a systemic, autoimmune, prothrombotic disease characterized by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), thrombosis, recurrent abortion, complications during pregnancy, and occasionally thrombocytopenia. The objective of the present study was to review the pathophysiology of APS and its association with female infertility. A bibliographic review of articles of the past 20 yearswas performed at the PubMed, Scielo, and Bireme databases. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be associated with primary infertility, interfering with endometrial decidualization and with decreased ovarian reserve. Antiphospholipid antibodies also have direct negative effects on placentation, when they bind to the trophoblast, reducing their capacity for invasion, and proinflammatory effects, such as complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, contributing to placental insufficiency, restricted intrauterine growth, and fetal loss. In relation to thrombosis, APS results in a diffuse thrombotic diathesis, with global and diffuse dysregulation of the homeostatic balance. Knowing the pathophysiology of APS, which is closely linked to female infertility, is essential for new therapeutic approaches, specialized in immunomodulation andinflammatory signaling pathways, to provide important advances in its treatment.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(10):621-627
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a systemic, autoimmune, prothrombotic disease characterized by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), thrombosis, recurrent abortion, complications during pregnancy, and occasionally thrombocytopenia. The objective of the present study was to review the pathophysiology of APS and its association with female infertility. A bibliographic review of articles of the past 20 yearswas performed at the PubMed, Scielo, and Bireme databases. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome may be associated with primary infertility, interfering with endometrial decidualization and with decreased ovarian reserve. Antiphospholipid antibodies also have direct negative effects on placentation, when they bind to the trophoblast, reducing their capacity for invasion, and proinflammatory effects, such as complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, contributing to placental insufficiency, restricted intrauterine growth, and fetal loss. In relation to thrombosis, APS results in a diffuse thrombotic diathesis, with global and diffuse dysregulation of the homeostatic balance. Knowing the pathophysiology of APS, which is closely linked to female infertility, is essential for new therapeutic approaches, specialized in immunomodulation andinflammatory signaling pathways, to provide important advances in its treatment.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(2):83-89
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000200005
Results on investigation and immune treatment for recurrent abortion are presented. Up to 60% of patients who are free of any clinical identifiable cause for abortion are believed to have alloimmune abnormalities. One of the suggested therapies for this condition is paternal lymphocyte immunization. We present the result of 116 pregnancies followed at the Departamento de Tocoginecologia UNICAMP. Patients were thoroughly evaluated for causes of recurrent abortion mentioned in the literature (genetics, hormones, uterine abnormalities and infections), for autoimmune (antiphospholipid syndrome, abnormal autoantibodies) and for alloimmune causes (crossmatch by microlymphocytotoxicity and mixed lymphocyte culture). Patients who presented negative crossmatch and lower than 50% inhibition in mixed lymphocyte culture were treated with two concentrated intradermal paternal lymphocyte immunizations. Women were stimulated to attempt pregnancy with a positive crossmatch and higher than 50% inhibition in mixed lymphocyte culture. Women whose immune status did not change with this treatment were immunized again with paternal lymphocytes associated or not to a third party donor. We report that 81% of the women treated with this protocol had good pregnancy outcome.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(2):83-89
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000200005
Results on investigation and immune treatment for recurrent abortion are presented. Up to 60% of patients who are free of any clinical identifiable cause for abortion are believed to have alloimmune abnormalities. One of the suggested therapies for this condition is paternal lymphocyte immunization. We present the result of 116 pregnancies followed at the Departamento de Tocoginecologia UNICAMP. Patients were thoroughly evaluated for causes of recurrent abortion mentioned in the literature (genetics, hormones, uterine abnormalities and infections), for autoimmune (antiphospholipid syndrome, abnormal autoantibodies) and for alloimmune causes (crossmatch by microlymphocytotoxicity and mixed lymphocyte culture). Patients who presented negative crossmatch and lower than 50% inhibition in mixed lymphocyte culture were treated with two concentrated intradermal paternal lymphocyte immunizations. Women were stimulated to attempt pregnancy with a positive crossmatch and higher than 50% inhibition in mixed lymphocyte culture. Women whose immune status did not change with this treatment were immunized again with paternal lymphocytes associated or not to a third party donor. We report that 81% of the women treated with this protocol had good pregnancy outcome.
