Prognosis Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):569-574
12-01-2014
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005068
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognostic implications of patients with recurrent cervical cancer.
By reviewing the medical records we evaluated all patients with cervical cancer at stages IA to IVA who started treatment at a specialized hospital in the Southeast region of Brazil from 2007 to 2009. Recurrence episodes were categorized according to location of disease and information was collected regarding the type of treatment and survival of these patients. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and association analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test.
Fifty cases of recurrence were identified among 469 selected records, with 31 patients being symptomatic at diagnosis of recurrence (62%); and 19 being asymptomatic (38%). Among women with symptoms, eight requested anticipation of the previously scheduled appointment because of the presence of clinical complaints. Patients with symptoms at the diagnosis of recurrence had lower rates of overall two-year survival (39.4 versus 67.6%) (p=0.081). None of the patients with recurrence at distance received curative intent treatment, but all received surgical treatment or radiotherapy aiming at full remission of the disease. Women who requested anticipation of the appointment because of the presence of symptoms had a significant reduction of overall two-year survival after recurrence (0 versus 60.4%; p<0.001) compared to those who attended the consultation on the scheduled date, and none of them received curative intent treatment. As expected, the patients who underwent palliative treatment with the main objective of improving quality of life and increasing survival but with no perspective of cure had a significant reduction in overall survival compared to those who were treated with curative intent (76.7 versus 35.4%; p<0.001).
The benefit of detecting asymptomatic recurrence of cervical cancer has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with local and regional recurrence, but studies on larger series are necessary to confirm this possibility.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2014;36(12):569-574
12-01-2014
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320140005068
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognostic implications of patients with recurrent cervical cancer.
By reviewing the medical records we evaluated all patients with cervical cancer at stages IA to IVA who started treatment at a specialized hospital in the Southeast region of Brazil from 2007 to 2009. Recurrence episodes were categorized according to location of disease and information was collected regarding the type of treatment and survival of these patients. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and association analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test.
Fifty cases of recurrence were identified among 469 selected records, with 31 patients being symptomatic at diagnosis of recurrence (62%); and 19 being asymptomatic (38%). Among women with symptoms, eight requested anticipation of the previously scheduled appointment because of the presence of clinical complaints. Patients with symptoms at the diagnosis of recurrence had lower rates of overall two-year survival (39.4 versus 67.6%) (p=0.081). None of the patients with recurrence at distance received curative intent treatment, but all received surgical treatment or radiotherapy aiming at full remission of the disease. Women who requested anticipation of the appointment because of the presence of symptoms had a significant reduction of overall two-year survival after recurrence (0 versus 60.4%; p<0.001) compared to those who attended the consultation on the scheduled date, and none of them received curative intent treatment. As expected, the patients who underwent palliative treatment with the main objective of improving quality of life and increasing survival but with no perspective of cure had a significant reduction in overall survival compared to those who were treated with curative intent (76.7 versus 35.4%; p<0.001).
The benefit of detecting asymptomatic recurrence of cervical cancer has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with local and regional recurrence, but studies on larger series are necessary to confirm this possibility.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(5):196-202
05-11-2012
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000500002
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical-pathological features of women with serous and non-serous ovarian tumors and to identify the factors associated with survival. METHODS: In this reconstructed cohort study, 152 women with ovarian carcinoma, who attended medical consultations between 1993 and 2008 and who were followed-up until 2010 were included. The histological type was clearly established for all women: 81 serous carcinomas and 71 non-serous tumors (17 endometrioid, 44 mucinous and 10 clear cell carcinomas). The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), were calculated for the clinical and pathological features, comparing serous and non-serous histological types. The Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95%CI was calculated for overall survival, considering the clinical and pathological features. RESULTS: Comparison of serous to non-serous tumor types by univariate analysis revealed that serous tumors were more frequently found in postmenopausal women, and were predominantly high histological grade (G2 and G3), advanced stage, with CA125>250 U/mL, and with positive peritoneal cytology. After multivariate regression, the only association remaining was that of high histological grade with serous tumors (adjusted OR 15.1; 95%CI 2.9-77.9). We observed 58 deaths from the disease. There was no difference in overall survival between women with serous carcinoma and women with non-serous carcinoma (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1 - 1.1). It was observed that women aged 50 years or less (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) and those who were in menacne (HR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) had a longer survival compared respectively to those above 50 years of age and menopaused. High histological grade (G2 and G3) (p<0.01), stages II-IV (p<0.008) and positive cytology (p<0.001) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. CA125 and the presence of ascites did not correlate with survival. Survival was poor when the disease was diagnosed in stages II to IV and compared to stage I (log-rank p<0.01) regardless of histological type (serous and non-serous). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of high histological grade (G2 and G3) was significantly higher among serous than non-serous carcinomas. Serous and non-serous histological types were not related to overall survival.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(5):196-202
05-11-2012
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000500002
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical-pathological features of women with serous and non-serous ovarian tumors and to identify the factors associated with survival. METHODS: In this reconstructed cohort study, 152 women with ovarian carcinoma, who attended medical consultations between 1993 and 2008 and who were followed-up until 2010 were included. The histological type was clearly established for all women: 81 serous carcinomas and 71 non-serous tumors (17 endometrioid, 44 mucinous and 10 clear cell carcinomas). The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), were calculated for the clinical and pathological features, comparing serous and non-serous histological types. The Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95%CI was calculated for overall survival, considering the clinical and pathological features. RESULTS: Comparison of serous to non-serous tumor types by univariate analysis revealed that serous tumors were more frequently found in postmenopausal women, and were predominantly high histological grade (G2 and G3), advanced stage, with CA125>250 U/mL, and with positive peritoneal cytology. After multivariate regression, the only association remaining was that of high histological grade with serous tumors (adjusted OR 15.1; 95%CI 2.9-77.9). We observed 58 deaths from the disease. There was no difference in overall survival between women with serous carcinoma and women with non-serous carcinoma (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1 - 1.1). It was observed that women aged 50 years or less (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) and those who were in menacne (HR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) had a longer survival compared respectively to those above 50 years of age and menopaused. High histological grade (G2 and G3) (p<0.01), stages II-IV (p<0.008) and positive cytology (p<0.001) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. CA125 and the presence of ascites did not correlate with survival. Survival was poor when the disease was diagnosed in stages II to IV and compared to stage I (log-rank p<0.01) regardless of histological type (serous and non-serous). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of high histological grade (G2 and G3) was significantly higher among serous than non-serous carcinomas. Serous and non-serous histological types were not related to overall survival.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(11):341-347
01-23-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011001100004
PURPOSE: To evaluate the pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination (IUI), and to determine possible prognostic factors of successful pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study of IUI cycles performed in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital, between January 2007 and July 2010. The IUI cycles were preceded by ovarian stimulation and monitored by vaginal ultrasound. Clinical pregnancy rates were analyzed according to the woman’s age, type and duration of infertility, spermatozoa parameters assessed in the spermogram, number of mature follicles and the drug used for ovarian stimulation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS17), with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study comprised 139 couples who underwent 220 IUI cycles. The absolute pregnancy rate per cycle was 18.6%. Of the 41 clinical pregnancies, 5 were twin pregnancies (12.1%). The pregnancy rate was higher at ages <30 years (28.5 vs 15.7%; p=0.024), duration of infertility <3 years (23.8 vs 13.9%; p=0.05), normal sperm motility (23.2 vs 10.3%; p=0.01) and with two follicles at the time of insemination (27.7 vs 14.2% for monofollicular growth; p=0.030). The pregnancy rates obtained with clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and combined clomiphene citrate/gonadotropin were 13.0, 26.1 and 28.6%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin. CONCLUSIONS: IUI remains a natural starting point for conveniently selected couples with infertility. Younger age and normal sperm motility are good prognostic factors. Gonadotrophin stimulation seems to be an important tool for improving the pregnancy rate of IUI.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(11):341-347
01-23-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011001100004
PURPOSE: To evaluate the pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination (IUI), and to determine possible prognostic factors of successful pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study of IUI cycles performed in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital, between January 2007 and July 2010. The IUI cycles were preceded by ovarian stimulation and monitored by vaginal ultrasound. Clinical pregnancy rates were analyzed according to the woman’s age, type and duration of infertility, spermatozoa parameters assessed in the spermogram, number of mature follicles and the drug used for ovarian stimulation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS17), with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study comprised 139 couples who underwent 220 IUI cycles. The absolute pregnancy rate per cycle was 18.6%. Of the 41 clinical pregnancies, 5 were twin pregnancies (12.1%). The pregnancy rate was higher at ages <30 years (28.5 vs 15.7%; p=0.024), duration of infertility <3 years (23.8 vs 13.9%; p=0.05), normal sperm motility (23.2 vs 10.3%; p=0.01) and with two follicles at the time of insemination (27.7 vs 14.2% for monofollicular growth; p=0.030). The pregnancy rates obtained with clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and combined clomiphene citrate/gonadotropin were 13.0, 26.1 and 28.6%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin. CONCLUSIONS: IUI remains a natural starting point for conveniently selected couples with infertility. Younger age and normal sperm motility are good prognostic factors. Gonadotrophin stimulation seems to be an important tool for improving the pregnancy rate of IUI.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(7):132-136
10-11-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000700003
PURPOSE: To study if rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by age at menarche, number of pregnancies and reproductive life span. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study of medical records of 247 RA patients. We collected data on menarche, menopause, number of pregnancies, autoantibodies, serositis, rheumatoid nodules, and functional index of Steinbrocker. Association studies were done using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests and correlation was determined by the Pearsonand Spearman tests. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis of RA was 43.2±14.1 years, the median age at menarche was 13 years and the median number of pregnancies was 3. Rheumatoid factor was present in 63.9% of the patients, 20% had antinuclear factor, 8.8% rheumatoid nodules, 2.8% had pleural effusion, and 2.4% had pericarditis. The Steinbrocker functional index showed that 45.6% had a score of 1, 40.8% a score of 2, 3 score of 9.1, and 4.3% a score of 4. We found an inverse correlation between the number of pregnancies and age at onset of RA (p CONCLUSION: A precocious menarche and brief reproductive life indicate a poor prognosis regarding pleurisy. A larger number of pregnancies and late menopause show a protective effect, delaying the onset of the disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(7):132-136
10-11-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000700003
PURPOSE: To study if rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by age at menarche, number of pregnancies and reproductive life span. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study of medical records of 247 RA patients. We collected data on menarche, menopause, number of pregnancies, autoantibodies, serositis, rheumatoid nodules, and functional index of Steinbrocker. Association studies were done using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests and correlation was determined by the Pearsonand Spearman tests. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis of RA was 43.2±14.1 years, the median age at menarche was 13 years and the median number of pregnancies was 3. Rheumatoid factor was present in 63.9% of the patients, 20% had antinuclear factor, 8.8% rheumatoid nodules, 2.8% had pleural effusion, and 2.4% had pericarditis. The Steinbrocker functional index showed that 45.6% had a score of 1, 40.8% a score of 2, 3 score of 9.1, and 4.3% a score of 4. We found an inverse correlation between the number of pregnancies and age at onset of RA (p CONCLUSION: A precocious menarche and brief reproductive life indicate a poor prognosis regarding pleurisy. A larger number of pregnancies and late menopause show a protective effect, delaying the onset of the disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(4):196-204
08-05-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000400008
The Crohn's disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease, is frequent in women of childbearing age. Its management requires greater attention during pregnancy. We report a case of refractory Crohn's disease in a pregnant patient that evolued to ileocolectomy at puerperium. The literature regarding pregnant patients with Crohn's disease was reviewed, including counseling of patients and investigation of active disease, and the existing data was summarized on the safety of medications used to treat Crohn's disease in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(4):196-204
08-05-2011
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000400008
The Crohn's disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease, is frequent in women of childbearing age. Its management requires greater attention during pregnancy. We report a case of refractory Crohn's disease in a pregnant patient that evolued to ileocolectomy at puerperium. The literature regarding pregnant patients with Crohn's disease was reviewed, including counseling of patients and investigation of active disease, and the existing data was summarized on the safety of medications used to treat Crohn's disease in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(9):468-473
10-21-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000900008
The uterine cervix invasive carcinoma represents a major public health problem, mainly in the developing countries. Its treatment, based on radical hysterectomy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy presents a considerable morbidity. Prognostic markers should be taken into consideration in the therapeutic planning, so that the results would be optimized, complications reduced, and patients' survival prolonged. Accepted prognostic markers are: stage, tumoral size, histological type, degree of differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, depth of the stromal invasion, presence of lymph nodal metastases, and surgical margins involvement. This study aims at making a literature review concerning the use of theses markers in the therapeutic planning of women with uterine cervix invasive carcinoma. The treatment based on these markers may present better results, with lower ratio of complications and an improvement in the patients' survival.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(9):468-473
10-21-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000900008
The uterine cervix invasive carcinoma represents a major public health problem, mainly in the developing countries. Its treatment, based on radical hysterectomy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy presents a considerable morbidity. Prognostic markers should be taken into consideration in the therapeutic planning, so that the results would be optimized, complications reduced, and patients' survival prolonged. Accepted prognostic markers are: stage, tumoral size, histological type, degree of differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, depth of the stromal invasion, presence of lymph nodal metastases, and surgical margins involvement. This study aims at making a literature review concerning the use of theses markers in the therapeutic planning of women with uterine cervix invasive carcinoma. The treatment based on these markers may present better results, with lower ratio of complications and an improvement in the patients' survival.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(5):230-234
07-29-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000500005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the patient's age as an outcome predictor in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. METHODS: transversal study, which has included 302 women with ages varying from 24 to 46 years old, submitted to IVF, from May 2005 to July 2007. The patients were divided in three groups, according to their age: G<35 (n=161), G 36-39 (n=89) e G>40 (n=52). The number of collected oocytes, the fertilization rates, the number of transferred embryos, the embryonary quality and the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Statistical analysis was realized through Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS: in the G<35 group, an average of 8.8 oocytes by patient was obtained; in the G 36-49 group, 7.4; and in the G>40 group, 1.6. The number of oocytes obtained in G>40 group was significantly lower than in the other two groups (p<0.001).The fertilization rate was similar in the three groups, 61.4, 65.8 e 64.6% (p=0.2288), respectively. The percentage of good quality embryos was not statistically different among the three groups either, with rates of 57.4, 63.2 and 56.0% (p=0.2254), respectively. The average number of transferred embryos in each group was 3.1 (G<35), 2.8 (G 36-39) and 1.5 (G>40), respectively, with statistically significant decrease in the G>40 group (p<0.001). Concerning pregnancy rates, the G>40 group has presented a rate of 9.6%, a result which is significantly lower (p=0.0330) than the one presented by the G<35 and G 36-39 groups (26.1 e 27.0%, respectively), with no significant difference between themselves. CONCLUSIONS: though the embryonary quality is not different among women from different age groups, the number of collected oocytes, the number of transferred embryos and the pregnancy rate indicate that the women's age is an important predictive factor of success for the techniques of assisted reproduction and should be taken into consideration when this kind of treatment is proposed to women over 40.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(5):230-234
07-29-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000500005
PURPOSE: to evaluate the patient's age as an outcome predictor in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. METHODS: transversal study, which has included 302 women with ages varying from 24 to 46 years old, submitted to IVF, from May 2005 to July 2007. The patients were divided in three groups, according to their age: G<35 (n=161), G 36-39 (n=89) e G>40 (n=52). The number of collected oocytes, the fertilization rates, the number of transferred embryos, the embryonary quality and the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Statistical analysis was realized through Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS: in the G<35 group, an average of 8.8 oocytes by patient was obtained; in the G 36-49 group, 7.4; and in the G>40 group, 1.6. The number of oocytes obtained in G>40 group was significantly lower than in the other two groups (p<0.001).The fertilization rate was similar in the three groups, 61.4, 65.8 e 64.6% (p=0.2288), respectively. The percentage of good quality embryos was not statistically different among the three groups either, with rates of 57.4, 63.2 and 56.0% (p=0.2254), respectively. The average number of transferred embryos in each group was 3.1 (G<35), 2.8 (G 36-39) and 1.5 (G>40), respectively, with statistically significant decrease in the G>40 group (p<0.001). Concerning pregnancy rates, the G>40 group has presented a rate of 9.6%, a result which is significantly lower (p=0.0330) than the one presented by the G<35 and G 36-39 groups (26.1 e 27.0%, respectively), with no significant difference between themselves. CONCLUSIONS: though the embryonary quality is not different among women from different age groups, the number of collected oocytes, the number of transferred embryos and the pregnancy rate indicate that the women's age is an important predictive factor of success for the techniques of assisted reproduction and should be taken into consideration when this kind of treatment is proposed to women over 40.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(2):54-60
04-22-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000200002
PURPOSE: the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics in very young women and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. METHODS: we selected 106 cases of breast cancer of very young women (<35 years) and 130 cases of postmenopausal women. We evaluated clinical characteristics of patients (age at diagnosis, ethnic group, family history of breast cancer, staging, presence of distant metastases, overall and disease-free survival), pathological characteristics of tumors (tumor size, histological type and grade, axillary lymph nodes status) and expression of molecular markers (hormone receptors, HER2, p53, p63, cytokeratins 5 and 14, and EGFR), using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. RESULTS: when comparing clinicopathologic variables between the age groups, younger women demonstrated greater frequency of nulliparity (p=0.03), larger tumors (p<0.000), higher stage disease (p=0.01), lymph node positivity (p=0.001), and higher grade tumors (p=0.004). Most of the young patients received chemotherapy (90.8%) and radiotherapy (85.2%) and less tamoxifen therapy (31.5%) comparing with postmenopausal women. Lower estrogen receptor positivity 49.1% (p=0.01) and higher HER2 overexpression 28.7% (p=0.03) were observed in young women. In 32 young patients (29.6%) and in 20% of the posmenopausal women, the breast carcinomas were of the triple-negative phenotype (p=0.034). In 16 young women (50%) and in 10 postmenopausal women (7.7%), the tumors expressed positivity for cytokeratin 5 and/or 14, basal phenotype (p=0.064). Systemic metastases were detected in 55.3% of the young women and in 39.2% of the postmenopausal women. Breast cancer overall survival and disease-free survival in five years were, respectively, 63 and 39% for young women and 75 and 67% for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: breast cancer arising in very young women showed negative clinicobiological characteristics and more aggressive tumors.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(2):54-60
04-22-2009
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000200002
PURPOSE: the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics in very young women and postmenopausal women with breast cancer. METHODS: we selected 106 cases of breast cancer of very young women (<35 years) and 130 cases of postmenopausal women. We evaluated clinical characteristics of patients (age at diagnosis, ethnic group, family history of breast cancer, staging, presence of distant metastases, overall and disease-free survival), pathological characteristics of tumors (tumor size, histological type and grade, axillary lymph nodes status) and expression of molecular markers (hormone receptors, HER2, p53, p63, cytokeratins 5 and 14, and EGFR), using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. RESULTS: when comparing clinicopathologic variables between the age groups, younger women demonstrated greater frequency of nulliparity (p=0.03), larger tumors (p<0.000), higher stage disease (p=0.01), lymph node positivity (p=0.001), and higher grade tumors (p=0.004). Most of the young patients received chemotherapy (90.8%) and radiotherapy (85.2%) and less tamoxifen therapy (31.5%) comparing with postmenopausal women. Lower estrogen receptor positivity 49.1% (p=0.01) and higher HER2 overexpression 28.7% (p=0.03) were observed in young women. In 32 young patients (29.6%) and in 20% of the posmenopausal women, the breast carcinomas were of the triple-negative phenotype (p=0.034). In 16 young women (50%) and in 10 postmenopausal women (7.7%), the tumors expressed positivity for cytokeratin 5 and/or 14, basal phenotype (p=0.064). Systemic metastases were detected in 55.3% of the young women and in 39.2% of the postmenopausal women. Breast cancer overall survival and disease-free survival in five years were, respectively, 63 and 39% for young women and 75 and 67% for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: breast cancer arising in very young women showed negative clinicobiological characteristics and more aggressive tumors.
