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Case Report07-06-2005
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and pregnancy: a case report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(2):92-97
Abstract
Case ReportVisceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and pregnancy: a case report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(2):92-97
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000200009
Views135See moreVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, mainly in the areas near the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. An increasing number of cases have been occurring especially in the state capital Campo Grande, with consequent occurrence of VL cases in pregnant women. This situation causes an elevated risk of vertical transmission of the parasite. In this report, we describe a case of VL in a pregnant woman followed up by our group, who was treated with liposomal amphotericin B, with no vertical transmission of the parasite. In our report, we demonstrate a therapeutic option for kala-azar during pregnancy, since antimoniate, the first-choice drug, is not prescribed during the gestational period.
Views135
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Case ReportVisceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and pregnancy: a case report
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(2):92-97
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000200009
Views135See moreVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, mainly in the areas near the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. An increasing number of cases have been occurring especially in the state capital Campo Grande, with consequent occurrence of VL cases in pregnant women. This situation causes an elevated risk of vertical transmission of the parasite. In this report, we describe a case of VL in a pregnant woman followed up by our group, who was treated with liposomal amphotericin B, with no vertical transmission of the parasite. In our report, we demonstrate a therapeutic option for kala-azar during pregnancy, since antimoniate, the first-choice drug, is not prescribed during the gestational period.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article11-23-2004
Toxoplasmosis: seroprevalence in postpartum women attended by SUS (Brazilian Public Health System)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(8):627-632
Abstract
Original ArticleToxoplasmosis: seroprevalence in postpartum women attended by SUS (Brazilian Public Health System)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(8):627-632
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000800006
Views108See moreOBJECTIVE: to establish the rate of toxoplasmosis soroprevalence in postpartum women, attended in two hospitals of the Public Health System (SUS) in Cuiabá, and its correlation with age, previous abortion and women's knowledge of the disease. METHODS: a cross-sectional study including 205 women with ages from 14 to 43 (mean 22.4) years old, attended in these hospitals for two months, in the first or second days postpartum. Each woman answered a short questionnaire and had peripheral blood sample collected. Blood samples were stored at 20°C until assay. The seroprevalence was determined by quantitative detection of specific IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii, using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. All samples were assayed at the same time. RESULTS: The average number of pregnancies in the women included in this study was 2.2, and the majority of them was pregnant for the first time. The seroprevalence found was 70.7% (165 of 205 women). No statistical correlation was found between seroprevalence and age (p = 0.967) or previous abortion (p = 0.82). Most of the women in this study (78%) did not know about toxoplasmosis and no statistical correlation was found between this condition and seroprevalence (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: the high seroprevalence found in the present study is in accordance with surveys previously reported in our country and other developing countries. Among the women included in this study, an expressive number (29.3%) is still under risk of contamination. The lack of statistical correlation between seroprevalence and women's age, lack of knowledge about the disease and report of previous abortion is in accordance with some previous studies and in disagreement with others.
Views108This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleToxoplasmosis: seroprevalence in postpartum women attended by SUS (Brazilian Public Health System)
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(8):627-632
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000800006
Views108See moreOBJECTIVE: to establish the rate of toxoplasmosis soroprevalence in postpartum women, attended in two hospitals of the Public Health System (SUS) in Cuiabá, and its correlation with age, previous abortion and women's knowledge of the disease. METHODS: a cross-sectional study including 205 women with ages from 14 to 43 (mean 22.4) years old, attended in these hospitals for two months, in the first or second days postpartum. Each woman answered a short questionnaire and had peripheral blood sample collected. Blood samples were stored at 20°C until assay. The seroprevalence was determined by quantitative detection of specific IgG antibody against Toxoplasma gondii, using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. All samples were assayed at the same time. RESULTS: The average number of pregnancies in the women included in this study was 2.2, and the majority of them was pregnant for the first time. The seroprevalence found was 70.7% (165 of 205 women). No statistical correlation was found between seroprevalence and age (p = 0.967) or previous abortion (p = 0.82). Most of the women in this study (78%) did not know about toxoplasmosis and no statistical correlation was found between this condition and seroprevalence (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: the high seroprevalence found in the present study is in accordance with surveys previously reported in our country and other developing countries. Among the women included in this study, an expressive number (29.3%) is still under risk of contamination. The lack of statistical correlation between seroprevalence and women's age, lack of knowledge about the disease and report of previous abortion is in accordance with some previous studies and in disagreement with others.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article10-07-2003
Influence of atrial natriuretic peptide and type B natriuretic peptide plasma levels on arterial pressure in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(6):413-418
Abstract
Original ArticleInfluence of atrial natriuretic peptide and type B natriuretic peptide plasma levels on arterial pressure in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(6):413-418
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000600005
Views93See morePURPOSE: to determine the existence of association between blood pressure rise and plasma ANP and BNP levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, considering the existence of a hypertensive state before pregnancy and supportive drug influence on these hormones. METHODS: in a case-control transversal study, 86 pregnant women were assessed regarding arterial pressure level and plasma ANP and BNP levels. Clinical and laboratory tests were carried out to diagnose preeclampsia and the use of hypotensive drugs and magnesium sulfate was considered. Hormone determinations were obtained through radioimmunoassay, after extraction in C18 Sep-pak columns. Correlation was investigated by means and regression analysis in the whole group of pregnant women and in specific groups, considering prior hypertension. RESULTS: plasma ANP values were 41.5±7.3, 78.4±13.1 and 89.2±13.4pg/mL (p<0.00001) and plasma BNP values were 79.5±15.8, 176.7±42.2 and 208.3±63.5 pg/mL (p=0.005), respectively, for mean blood pressure =107 mmHg, 107-139 mmHg and =140 mmHg. It was verified that the positive correlation between plasma ANP concentrations and pressure levels in preeclampsia did not depend on the existence of a hypertensive state before pregnancy (p<0.0001: preeclampsia and p<0.01: preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension), whereas BNP dosages were not associated with the arterial pressure in the group with arterial hypertension prior to pregnancy (p=0.004: preeclampsia and p=0.18: preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension). CONCLUSION: aggravation of hypertension in preeclampsia correlates with serum ANP and BNP concentrations, although BNP values may be influenced by the existence of a prior hypertensive state.
Views93This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleInfluence of atrial natriuretic peptide and type B natriuretic peptide plasma levels on arterial pressure in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(6):413-418
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000600005
Views93See morePURPOSE: to determine the existence of association between blood pressure rise and plasma ANP and BNP levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, considering the existence of a hypertensive state before pregnancy and supportive drug influence on these hormones. METHODS: in a case-control transversal study, 86 pregnant women were assessed regarding arterial pressure level and plasma ANP and BNP levels. Clinical and laboratory tests were carried out to diagnose preeclampsia and the use of hypotensive drugs and magnesium sulfate was considered. Hormone determinations were obtained through radioimmunoassay, after extraction in C18 Sep-pak columns. Correlation was investigated by means and regression analysis in the whole group of pregnant women and in specific groups, considering prior hypertension. RESULTS: plasma ANP values were 41.5±7.3, 78.4±13.1 and 89.2±13.4pg/mL (p<0.00001) and plasma BNP values were 79.5±15.8, 176.7±42.2 and 208.3±63.5 pg/mL (p=0.005), respectively, for mean blood pressure =107 mmHg, 107-139 mmHg and =140 mmHg. It was verified that the positive correlation between plasma ANP concentrations and pressure levels in preeclampsia did not depend on the existence of a hypertensive state before pregnancy (p<0.0001: preeclampsia and p<0.01: preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension), whereas BNP dosages were not associated with the arterial pressure in the group with arterial hypertension prior to pregnancy (p=0.004: preeclampsia and p=0.18: preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension). CONCLUSION: aggravation of hypertension in preeclampsia correlates with serum ANP and BNP concentrations, although BNP values may be influenced by the existence of a prior hypertensive state.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article09-08-2003
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive pregnant women: a prospective study of the mother’s blood pressure and heart rate in the three trimesters of pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(3):163-167
Abstract
Original ArticleAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive pregnant women: a prospective study of the mother’s blood pressure and heart rate in the three trimesters of pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(3):163-167
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000300004
Views68See morePURPOSE: to show longitudinally the profiles and parameters of pressure rhythm and heart rate in normotensive pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the longitudinal and random study involved 23 normotensive pregnant women, mean age 23.3 ± 3.9 years, recruited from the prenatal clinics of the "Maternidade-Escola Hilda Brandão - Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte/MG". Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was done every three months (up to 14 weeks, between 18 and 28 weeks and between 32 and 40 weeks, using the SpaceLabs monitor, model 90207. RESULTS: a significant increase (p<0.01) in the 24-h systolic (115 and 104 mmHg), diastolic (73 and 61 mmHg) and average diurnal and nocturnal blood pressures (87 and 77 mmHg respectively), was noticed in the third trimester of pregnancy. Mother's diurnal blood pressure and heart rate (83, 84 and 87 mmHg; 94, 95 and 93 bpm) were significantly higher than the nocturnal measurements (72, 72 and 77 mmHg; 74, 79 and 79 bpm), in the three trimesters. Mother's heart frequency did not change during progress of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: increase in blood pressure during the third trimester of pregnancy could be shown. Maternal daily and diurnal heart rate did not change when the three trimesters were compared. The nocturnal heart rate was significantly lower in the first trimester as compared to the other trimesters.
Views68This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive pregnant women: a prospective study of the mother’s blood pressure and heart rate in the three trimesters of pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(3):163-167
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000300004
Views68See morePURPOSE: to show longitudinally the profiles and parameters of pressure rhythm and heart rate in normotensive pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the longitudinal and random study involved 23 normotensive pregnant women, mean age 23.3 ± 3.9 years, recruited from the prenatal clinics of the "Maternidade-Escola Hilda Brandão - Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte/MG". Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was done every three months (up to 14 weeks, between 18 and 28 weeks and between 32 and 40 weeks, using the SpaceLabs monitor, model 90207. RESULTS: a significant increase (p<0.01) in the 24-h systolic (115 and 104 mmHg), diastolic (73 and 61 mmHg) and average diurnal and nocturnal blood pressures (87 and 77 mmHg respectively), was noticed in the third trimester of pregnancy. Mother's diurnal blood pressure and heart rate (83, 84 and 87 mmHg; 94, 95 and 93 bpm) were significantly higher than the nocturnal measurements (72, 72 and 77 mmHg; 74, 79 and 79 bpm), in the three trimesters. Mother's heart frequency did not change during progress of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: increase in blood pressure during the third trimester of pregnancy could be shown. Maternal daily and diurnal heart rate did not change when the three trimesters were compared. The nocturnal heart rate was significantly lower in the first trimester as compared to the other trimesters.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article09-05-2003
Domestic physical violence and pregnancy: results of a survey in the postpartum period
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):309-316
Abstract
Original ArticleDomestic physical violence and pregnancy: results of a survey in the postpartum period
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):309-316
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500002
Views102See morePURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of domestic physical violence among women who delivered at a tertiary center in the Northeast of Brazil, to study the main risk factors associated with domestic violence, and to determine perinatal outcome. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 420 women who delivered at a tertiary center in Recife (Brazil) with fetuses weighing more than 500 g. They were submitted to interviews with open and closed questions. The prevalence of domestic physical violence was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using c² and Fisher's exact tests at a 5% level of significance. The prevalence ratio was determined as measurement of relative risk of violence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed and the adjusted risk was calculated. RESULTS: the prevalence of domestic physical violence was 13.1% (95% CI = 10.1-16.6) and 7.4% (95% CI = 5.2-10.2) before and during pregnancy, respectively. The pattern of violence has changed during pregnancy: stopped in 43.6%, was reduced in 27.3% and increased in 11% of the victims. After multivariate analysis the variables that persisted strongly associated with violence were low female educational level, history of violence in the women´s family, partner's use of alcohol and unemployment. Perinatal outcome was studied and a significantly higher frequency of neonatal death was observed among victims of domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS: a high prevalence of domestic physical violence was observed (about 13%) in women who delivered at a tertiary center in Northeast of Brazil. The main risk factors were low educational level and previous familiar history of violence in the women's family, alcohol use by and unemployment of their partners. Neonatal mortality was increased in victims of violence.
Views102This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleDomestic physical violence and pregnancy: results of a survey in the postpartum period
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):309-316
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500002
Views102See morePURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of domestic physical violence among women who delivered at a tertiary center in the Northeast of Brazil, to study the main risk factors associated with domestic violence, and to determine perinatal outcome. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 420 women who delivered at a tertiary center in Recife (Brazil) with fetuses weighing more than 500 g. They were submitted to interviews with open and closed questions. The prevalence of domestic physical violence was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using c² and Fisher's exact tests at a 5% level of significance. The prevalence ratio was determined as measurement of relative risk of violence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed and the adjusted risk was calculated. RESULTS: the prevalence of domestic physical violence was 13.1% (95% CI = 10.1-16.6) and 7.4% (95% CI = 5.2-10.2) before and during pregnancy, respectively. The pattern of violence has changed during pregnancy: stopped in 43.6%, was reduced in 27.3% and increased in 11% of the victims. After multivariate analysis the variables that persisted strongly associated with violence were low female educational level, history of violence in the women´s family, partner's use of alcohol and unemployment. Perinatal outcome was studied and a significantly higher frequency of neonatal death was observed among victims of domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS: a high prevalence of domestic physical violence was observed (about 13%) in women who delivered at a tertiary center in Northeast of Brazil. The main risk factors were low educational level and previous familiar history of violence in the women's family, alcohol use by and unemployment of their partners. Neonatal mortality was increased in victims of violence.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article09-05-2003
Recurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):331-335
Abstract
Original ArticleRecurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):331-335
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500005
Views115See morePURPOSE: to evaluate whether there is an association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy. METHODS: this was a case-control study with 230 women: 71 with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (group A) and 159 with a history of successful pregnancy (group B). The evaluation included a questionnaire in order to investigate the personal history of atopy, considering symptoms of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis, asthma, conjunctivitis and gastric or intestinal symptoms. The presence of specific IgE in response to a pool of inhalants, Phadiatop, detected by an enzymatic fluorescence reaction in blood was also investigated. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and a p value < 0.05 was set as level of significance. RESULTS: a positive history of atopy was observed in 57.7% of group A patients and in 55.3% of group B patients. The incidence of positive IgE against Phadiatop was 38% and 33.9% in groups A and B, respectively. Association of allergy disease with positive Phadiatop (presence of specific IgE) was detected in 28.2% of group A and in 22% of group B patients. There was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: we did not observe any association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy.
Views115This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleRecurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(5):331-335
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000500005
Views115See morePURPOSE: to evaluate whether there is an association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy. METHODS: this was a case-control study with 230 women: 71 with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (group A) and 159 with a history of successful pregnancy (group B). The evaluation included a questionnaire in order to investigate the personal history of atopy, considering symptoms of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis, asthma, conjunctivitis and gastric or intestinal symptoms. The presence of specific IgE in response to a pool of inhalants, Phadiatop, detected by an enzymatic fluorescence reaction in blood was also investigated. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and a p value < 0.05 was set as level of significance. RESULTS: a positive history of atopy was observed in 57.7% of group A patients and in 55.3% of group B patients. The incidence of positive IgE against Phadiatop was 38% and 33.9% in groups A and B, respectively. Association of allergy disease with positive Phadiatop (presence of specific IgE) was detected in 28.2% of group A and in 22% of group B patients. There was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: we did not observe any association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and atopy.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Case Report06-27-2001
Severe familial hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):397-402
Abstract
Case ReportSevere familial hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):397-402
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600009
Views74See moreSevere hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy rarely occurs but it frequently produces complications, such as acute pancreatitis, a serious health risk both for the mother and the fetus. The treatment of a patient who had had acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceridemia = 5100 mg/dl) two months before fecundation is presented in this paper. During gestation, bezafibrate was substituted for 3.0 g omega-3 fatty acids (14% eicosapentaenoic and 11.13% docosahexaenoic acids). With this therapy, the triglyceride levels were maintained below 800 mg/dl, which is considered to be the safe limit to avoid acute pancreatitis. No complication occurred during pregnancy, the patient delivered vaginally (40 weeks), and the newborn (3075 g) did not present any morphological alterations. We conclude that an adequate diet and the use of omega-3 fatty acids were effective in preventing acute pancreatitis in this pregnant woman with serious hypertriglyceridemia. This therapeutic approach may be used alternatively to other treatments currently utilized for familial hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy.
Views74This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Case ReportSevere familial hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):397-402
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600009
Views74See moreSevere hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy rarely occurs but it frequently produces complications, such as acute pancreatitis, a serious health risk both for the mother and the fetus. The treatment of a patient who had had acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceridemia = 5100 mg/dl) two months before fecundation is presented in this paper. During gestation, bezafibrate was substituted for 3.0 g omega-3 fatty acids (14% eicosapentaenoic and 11.13% docosahexaenoic acids). With this therapy, the triglyceride levels were maintained below 800 mg/dl, which is considered to be the safe limit to avoid acute pancreatitis. No complication occurred during pregnancy, the patient delivered vaginally (40 weeks), and the newborn (3075 g) did not present any morphological alterations. We conclude that an adequate diet and the use of omega-3 fatty acids were effective in preventing acute pancreatitis in this pregnant woman with serious hypertriglyceridemia. This therapeutic approach may be used alternatively to other treatments currently utilized for familial hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Original Article06-25-2001
Fetal Heart Rate in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(9):567-571
Abstract
Original ArticleFetal Heart Rate in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(9):567-571
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000900004
Views219See morePurpose: to determine normal ranges for fetal heart rate (FHR) between the 10th and 14th week of pregnancy. Methods: a total of 1078 fetuses within a crown-rump length (CRL) from the 10th to the 14th week of pregnancy were evaluated. The fetuses were divided into 4 groups: Group I (10 weeks), Group II (11 weeks), Group III (12 weeks), Group IV (13 weeks). The fetal heart was seen using B-mode/M-mode at a sagital plane and FHR was recorded. FHR was electronically calculated using calipers within 3 consecutive cycles without fetal moveiments. Results: FRH ranged from 136 to 178 bpm among the 1078 studied fetuses. Median values and standard deviations (5 and 95 percentiles) were calculated for each group. The FHR range for each group was: 158 to 184 bpm (Group I); 155 to 175 bpm (Group II); 152 to 172 bpm (Group III) and 149 to 168 bpm (Group IV). Our main finding was a progressive reduction in FHR during the time period under consideration. Discussion: FHR evaluation in the first trimester of gestation is a simple procedure and should be analyzed not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. Published papers have shown a relation ship between FHR and fetal prognosis.
Views219This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract
Original ArticleFetal Heart Rate in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(9):567-571
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000900004
Views219See morePurpose: to determine normal ranges for fetal heart rate (FHR) between the 10th and 14th week of pregnancy. Methods: a total of 1078 fetuses within a crown-rump length (CRL) from the 10th to the 14th week of pregnancy were evaluated. The fetuses were divided into 4 groups: Group I (10 weeks), Group II (11 weeks), Group III (12 weeks), Group IV (13 weeks). The fetal heart was seen using B-mode/M-mode at a sagital plane and FHR was recorded. FHR was electronically calculated using calipers within 3 consecutive cycles without fetal moveiments. Results: FRH ranged from 136 to 178 bpm among the 1078 studied fetuses. Median values and standard deviations (5 and 95 percentiles) were calculated for each group. The FHR range for each group was: 158 to 184 bpm (Group I); 155 to 175 bpm (Group II); 152 to 172 bpm (Group III) and 149 to 168 bpm (Group IV). Our main finding was a progressive reduction in FHR during the time period under consideration. Discussion: FHR evaluation in the first trimester of gestation is a simple procedure and should be analyzed not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. Published papers have shown a relation ship between FHR and fetal prognosis.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pregnancy Archives - Page 4 of 26 - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
