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Trabalhos Originais
Perinatal results in pregnant women with more than 35 years: a controlled study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):697-701
01-19-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisPerinatal results in pregnant women with more than 35 years: a controlled study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):697-701
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900004
Views78See morePURPOSE: to evaluate perinatal results in pregnant women over 35 years old and to check differences between two groups: 35 to 39-year-old women and women older than 40. METHODS: a retrospective survey was made during the period between January/2000 and July/2003, through the analysis of obstetric charts of 3,093 pregnant women who delivered in the "Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual - Francisco Morato de Oliveira", excluding 933 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 18 to 29 years old (control group), 35 to 39 years old, and over 40 years old. Data collection was done with standardized forms, and the data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet (Excel - Microsoft Office 2000). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test and the Fisher test. The alpha risk was less or equal to 5% and the confidence interval 95%. RESULTS: cesarean section was the most used method not only in the 35 to 39-year-old group (438/792; 55.3%) but also in the group of women over 40 (153/236; 64.8%). The rates of prematurity (39/236; 16.5%), low weight (37/236; 15.7%), and restriction of fetal growth (38/236; 16.1%) were significantly higher in the group of women over 40, when compared to the other groups. Concerning fetal death, a five times higher incidence was observed in the group over 40 years old, as compared to the other groups, a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: the only difference between the 35 to 39-year-old group and the control group was the cesarean section rate. This allows us to suggest a differentiated prenatal attendance for pregnant women over 40.
Views78
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisPerinatal results in pregnant women with more than 35 years: a controlled study
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):697-701
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900004
Views78See morePURPOSE: to evaluate perinatal results in pregnant women over 35 years old and to check differences between two groups: 35 to 39-year-old women and women older than 40. METHODS: a retrospective survey was made during the period between January/2000 and July/2003, through the analysis of obstetric charts of 3,093 pregnant women who delivered in the "Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual - Francisco Morato de Oliveira", excluding 933 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 18 to 29 years old (control group), 35 to 39 years old, and over 40 years old. Data collection was done with standardized forms, and the data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet (Excel - Microsoft Office 2000). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test and the Fisher test. The alpha risk was less or equal to 5% and the confidence interval 95%. RESULTS: cesarean section was the most used method not only in the 35 to 39-year-old group (438/792; 55.3%) but also in the group of women over 40 (153/236; 64.8%). The rates of prematurity (39/236; 16.5%), low weight (37/236; 15.7%), and restriction of fetal growth (38/236; 16.1%) were significantly higher in the group of women over 40, when compared to the other groups. Concerning fetal death, a five times higher incidence was observed in the group over 40 years old, as compared to the other groups, a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: the only difference between the 35 to 39-year-old group and the control group was the cesarean section rate. This allows us to suggest a differentiated prenatal attendance for pregnant women over 40.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Behavior of heart rate, blood pressure, and hydrostatic weight of pregnant women at different immersion depths
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):685-690
01-19-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisBehavior of heart rate, blood pressure, and hydrostatic weight of pregnant women at different immersion depths
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):685-690
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900002
Views104See morePURPOSE: to identify the responses of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and hydrostatic weight (HW) in pregnant women immersed up to different anatomic points as far as the xiphoid process. METHODS: eleven pregnant women underwent the following experimental procedure: 10 minutes in recumbent position for evaluation of HR and BP at rest; 2 minutes in standing position for evaluation of initial measures of HR, BP and mass, and one minute for each immersion depth. HR, BP and HW were measured after immersion up to the level of the ankle, knee, hip, navel, and xiphoid process, respectively. Descriptive statistics, test of normality (Shapiro-Wilks), homogeneity of variance test (Levene), one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test (SPSS version 8.0) were used, with significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: significant differences were found for HR, diastolic BP and mean BP starting from the xiphoid process (79.1±5.1 bpm; 53.3±6.7 mmHg and 63.9±6.2 mmHg, respectively) and for the systolic BP starting from the navel (92.7±11.1 mmHg). Significant differences were seen in all measurements of percent HW reduction, as in previous studies carried out with non-pregnant women. CONCLUSION: the obtained results showed a decrease in HR and BP on water immersion when compared non-immersion, as well as decreases in HW, which were proportional to the depth of immersion. The decrease in HW was found to influence the decrease in mechanical load imposed on the lower limb joints, since the mechanical load depends on both the vertical force (hydrostatic weight) and on the acceleration with which the body touches the ground. As a result, it is concluded that water is a healthy environment for the population under study, and may be adequate for the practice of physical activities.
Views104This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisBehavior of heart rate, blood pressure, and hydrostatic weight of pregnant women at different immersion depths
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):685-690
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900002
Views104See morePURPOSE: to identify the responses of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and hydrostatic weight (HW) in pregnant women immersed up to different anatomic points as far as the xiphoid process. METHODS: eleven pregnant women underwent the following experimental procedure: 10 minutes in recumbent position for evaluation of HR and BP at rest; 2 minutes in standing position for evaluation of initial measures of HR, BP and mass, and one minute for each immersion depth. HR, BP and HW were measured after immersion up to the level of the ankle, knee, hip, navel, and xiphoid process, respectively. Descriptive statistics, test of normality (Shapiro-Wilks), homogeneity of variance test (Levene), one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test (SPSS version 8.0) were used, with significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: significant differences were found for HR, diastolic BP and mean BP starting from the xiphoid process (79.1±5.1 bpm; 53.3±6.7 mmHg and 63.9±6.2 mmHg, respectively) and for the systolic BP starting from the navel (92.7±11.1 mmHg). Significant differences were seen in all measurements of percent HW reduction, as in previous studies carried out with non-pregnant women. CONCLUSION: the obtained results showed a decrease in HR and BP on water immersion when compared non-immersion, as well as decreases in HW, which were proportional to the depth of immersion. The decrease in HW was found to influence the decrease in mechanical load imposed on the lower limb joints, since the mechanical load depends on both the vertical force (hydrostatic weight) and on the acceleration with which the body touches the ground. As a result, it is concluded that water is a healthy environment for the population under study, and may be adequate for the practice of physical activities.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Association between anthropometry and circulating leptin in maternal, fetal and placental compartments, in healthy pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):691-695
01-19-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisAssociation between anthropometry and circulating leptin in maternal, fetal and placental compartments, in healthy pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):691-695
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900003
Views48See morePURPOSE: to evaluate the importance of circulating maternal and fetal leptin in the healthy gestation, using its association with maternal, placental and fetal anthropometric variables, obtained at birth, and the relationship between the evaluated compartments. METHODS: in a transversal study a population of 33 single, healthy and term gestations was studied. The evaluated variables were maternal age, maternal weight, body mass index (BMF), weight of the newborn, placental weight, and placental index. Samples of maternal blood were immediately obtained before birth and from fetal umbilical cord blood at birth. Determination of serum leptin was performed using conventional radioimmunoassay. The relationships between serum leptin concentrations in maternal blood, umbilical artery and vein and the studied variables were assessed through linear regression. RESULTS: leptin levels were detected in the blood of all 33 pregnant women and their respective newborns, with maternal blood concentration (17.1±1.77 ng/mL) higher than that of umbilical vessels (vein: 9.0±1.16 ng/mL; artery: 8.23±1.02 ng/mL), p<0.0001. Leptin concentrations in the maternal blood were correlated with leptin concentrations in fetal blood (artery: coef. 0.63, p=0.037; vein: coef. 0.72, p=0.006). Regarding the anthropometric variables, leptin measured in the maternal blood was associated with initial and final maternal BMF (coef. 1.13; p=0.002; coef. 1,18, p=0.001) and cord leptin levels were correlated with the fetal weight at birth (vein: coef. 0.007, p=0.02; artery: coef. 0.006, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: there was a correlation between maternal and fetal leptin production and probably by the action of similar stimuli during gestation. Serum leptin was associated with the weight of the compartment where it circulates.
Views48This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisAssociation between anthropometry and circulating leptin in maternal, fetal and placental compartments, in healthy pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):691-695
01-19-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900003
Views48See morePURPOSE: to evaluate the importance of circulating maternal and fetal leptin in the healthy gestation, using its association with maternal, placental and fetal anthropometric variables, obtained at birth, and the relationship between the evaluated compartments. METHODS: in a transversal study a population of 33 single, healthy and term gestations was studied. The evaluated variables were maternal age, maternal weight, body mass index (BMF), weight of the newborn, placental weight, and placental index. Samples of maternal blood were immediately obtained before birth and from fetal umbilical cord blood at birth. Determination of serum leptin was performed using conventional radioimmunoassay. The relationships between serum leptin concentrations in maternal blood, umbilical artery and vein and the studied variables were assessed through linear regression. RESULTS: leptin levels were detected in the blood of all 33 pregnant women and their respective newborns, with maternal blood concentration (17.1±1.77 ng/mL) higher than that of umbilical vessels (vein: 9.0±1.16 ng/mL; artery: 8.23±1.02 ng/mL), p<0.0001. Leptin concentrations in the maternal blood were correlated with leptin concentrations in fetal blood (artery: coef. 0.63, p=0.037; vein: coef. 0.72, p=0.006). Regarding the anthropometric variables, leptin measured in the maternal blood was associated with initial and final maternal BMF (coef. 1.13; p=0.002; coef. 1,18, p=0.001) and cord leptin levels were correlated with the fetal weight at birth (vein: coef. 0.007, p=0.02; artery: coef. 0.006, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: there was a correlation between maternal and fetal leptin production and probably by the action of similar stimuli during gestation. Serum leptin was associated with the weight of the compartment where it circulates.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Neonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisNeonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600009
Views88See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the neonatal morbidity and mortality related to mothers at the age of 35 or older than that. METHODS: in 2377 births in a year, 316 newborns (13.26%) from mothers at the age of 35 or more were selected for the study. These women were compared to pregnant controls aged 20 to 29, randomly selected among the 1170 women in the same age group (49,2%). For the inclusion criteria, pregnancies should have been over 22 weeks and the newborns should have weighted 500g or more at birth. Fourteen twin cases were excluded. To evaluate mortality and morbidity the following variables were considered: Apgar Index, birth weight, newborn health conditions, fetal malformations and neonatal mortality until hospital discharge. RESULTS: when analyzed as a whole, nulliparous and multiparous women showed significantly less favorable perinatal results for the selected group of women at 35 or more years old as compared with pregnant controls, what was not sustained when the nulliparous were excluded. Multiparous at the age of 35 or over presented a higher rate of low Apgar index in the 1st minute: 21.3 and 13.1%: (p<0,0033); small NB for the gestational age: 15.2% and 6.7% (p<0,02); big NB for the gestational age: 5.7 and 0.0% (p<0,02); low weight at birth: 23.8 and 14,5% (p<0,01), and prematurity, 16,7 and 6,7%, (p<0,005). Significant differences were not found for the Apgar index in the 5th minute, fetal malformations, newborn health conditions at hospital discharge and neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal morbidity increased among pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, but not the neonatal mortality.
Views88This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisNeonatal morbity and mortality related to pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, according to parity
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(6):477-482
09-02-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000600009
Views88See moreOBJECTIVE: to evaluate the neonatal morbidity and mortality related to mothers at the age of 35 or older than that. METHODS: in 2377 births in a year, 316 newborns (13.26%) from mothers at the age of 35 or more were selected for the study. These women were compared to pregnant controls aged 20 to 29, randomly selected among the 1170 women in the same age group (49,2%). For the inclusion criteria, pregnancies should have been over 22 weeks and the newborns should have weighted 500g or more at birth. Fourteen twin cases were excluded. To evaluate mortality and morbidity the following variables were considered: Apgar Index, birth weight, newborn health conditions, fetal malformations and neonatal mortality until hospital discharge. RESULTS: when analyzed as a whole, nulliparous and multiparous women showed significantly less favorable perinatal results for the selected group of women at 35 or more years old as compared with pregnant controls, what was not sustained when the nulliparous were excluded. Multiparous at the age of 35 or over presented a higher rate of low Apgar index in the 1st minute: 21.3 and 13.1%: (p<0,0033); small NB for the gestational age: 15.2% and 6.7% (p<0,02); big NB for the gestational age: 5.7 and 0.0% (p<0,02); low weight at birth: 23.8 and 14,5% (p<0,01), and prematurity, 16,7 and 6,7%, (p<0,005). Significant differences were not found for the Apgar index in the 5th minute, fetal malformations, newborn health conditions at hospital discharge and neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal morbidity increased among pregnant women at the age of 35 and older, but not the neonatal mortality.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Values for ductus venosus doppler flow measurements between the 10th and the 14th week of normal pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(1):15-20
04-26-2004
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisValues for ductus venosus doppler flow measurements between the 10th and the 14th week of normal pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(1):15-20
04-26-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000100003
Views109See morePURPOSE: to analyze the values of Doppler ultrasound for blood flow velocity in the ductus venosus between the 10th and the 14th week of gestation, during the different phases of the cardiac cycle: ventricular systole (wave S), ventricular diastole (wave D), atrial systole (wave a), and angle-independent indexes. METHODS: Doppler was used in this prospective cross-sectional study to examine 276 single pregnancies. Fetus malformations, abnormal nuchal translucency, and women with clinical pathologies were excluded. A Toshiba SSH-140 ultrasound equipment was used. The derivation of Doppler frequency spectra was carried out according to standardized measurement procedures: less than 30ºinsonation angle and 50-70 Hz high-pass filter. The ductus venosus was identified in a median sagittal and ventral plane with the presence of color aliasing due to increase in blood flow velocity. The sample volume (1-2 mm³) was placed immediately at the origin of the ductus venosus. At least three clearly and subsequent waves were available for measurement of standard values. The Levene test and the Bonferroni method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: increase in blood flow velocity from 29 cm/s to 37 cm/s (p=0.013) was observed during ventricular systole between the 10th and the 14th week of gestation. Similarly, increase in blood flow velocity was recorded during the ventricular diastole (from 25 cm/s to 32 cm/s, p=0.026). There were no changes in wave a, pulsatility index, and S/a ratio in this period. CONCLUSION: the reference ranges established by this study may serve as the basis for Doppler ultrasound follow-up in a normal patient population. Further studies are required to determine the validity of these parameters and, in particular, for the fetus at risk.
Views109This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisValues for ductus venosus doppler flow measurements between the 10th and the 14th week of normal pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(1):15-20
04-26-2004DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000100003
Views109See morePURPOSE: to analyze the values of Doppler ultrasound for blood flow velocity in the ductus venosus between the 10th and the 14th week of gestation, during the different phases of the cardiac cycle: ventricular systole (wave S), ventricular diastole (wave D), atrial systole (wave a), and angle-independent indexes. METHODS: Doppler was used in this prospective cross-sectional study to examine 276 single pregnancies. Fetus malformations, abnormal nuchal translucency, and women with clinical pathologies were excluded. A Toshiba SSH-140 ultrasound equipment was used. The derivation of Doppler frequency spectra was carried out according to standardized measurement procedures: less than 30ºinsonation angle and 50-70 Hz high-pass filter. The ductus venosus was identified in a median sagittal and ventral plane with the presence of color aliasing due to increase in blood flow velocity. The sample volume (1-2 mm³) was placed immediately at the origin of the ductus venosus. At least three clearly and subsequent waves were available for measurement of standard values. The Levene test and the Bonferroni method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: increase in blood flow velocity from 29 cm/s to 37 cm/s (p=0.013) was observed during ventricular systole between the 10th and the 14th week of gestation. Similarly, increase in blood flow velocity was recorded during the ventricular diastole (from 25 cm/s to 32 cm/s, p=0.026). There were no changes in wave a, pulsatility index, and S/a ratio in this period. CONCLUSION: the reference ranges established by this study may serve as the basis for Doppler ultrasound follow-up in a normal patient population. Further studies are required to determine the validity of these parameters and, in particular, for the fetus at risk.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Adequacy of the prenatal care process among users of the Unified Health Care System in Juiz de Fora-MG
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):717-724
04-13-2003
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisAdequacy of the prenatal care process among users of the Unified Health Care System in Juiz de Fora-MG
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):717-724
04-13-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003001000004
Views38See morePURPOSE: to evaluate the adequacy of the prenatal care process offered to users of the Unified Health Care System (SUS) in Juiz de Fora-MG and to compare the municipal services. METHODS: a transversal study with auditing was carried out on the records of 370 pregnant women, selected by systematic sampling among women who carried their pregnancies to term and gave birth using SUS services in the first semester of 2002, with prenatal care given in Juiz de Fora. For statistical analysis the c² test was used to compare the municipal services (level of significance: 5%). The evaluation followed a three-tiered complementary sequence, using: the utilization of prenatal care (Kessner index: beginning and frequency of care) at level 1; the utilization of prenatal care and basic laboratory tests, according to the Humanization Program of Prenatal Care and Birth (ABO-Rh, hemoglobin/hematocrit, VDRL, glycemia and urinalysis), at level 2; and the utilization of prenatal care, the basic laboratory tests and the obligatory clinical-obstetric procedures during a prenatal visit (assessment of blood pressure, weight, edema, uterine fundal height, gestational age, fetal heart rate and fetal presentation), at level 3. RESULTS: the observed adequacy of the process was only 26.7% (level 1), 1.9% (level 2) and 1.1% (level 3). We also observed a prenatal coverage of 99.04%, an average of 6.4 visits per pregnant woman, and an average gestational age of 17.4 weeks at the time of the first prenatal visit. There were no significant differences between the municipal services. CONCLUSIONS: prenatal care offered to SUS users in Juiz de Fora should be reviewed from a qualitative standpoint, and periodic evaluations as necessary instruments of improvement are recommendable. Managers and professionals should undertake actions aimed at increasing compliance with norms/routines of the program - principally the request/recording of basic complementary tests - and which guarantee increased utilization of prenatal care.
Views38This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisAdequacy of the prenatal care process among users of the Unified Health Care System in Juiz de Fora-MG
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):717-724
04-13-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003001000004
Views38See morePURPOSE: to evaluate the adequacy of the prenatal care process offered to users of the Unified Health Care System (SUS) in Juiz de Fora-MG and to compare the municipal services. METHODS: a transversal study with auditing was carried out on the records of 370 pregnant women, selected by systematic sampling among women who carried their pregnancies to term and gave birth using SUS services in the first semester of 2002, with prenatal care given in Juiz de Fora. For statistical analysis the c² test was used to compare the municipal services (level of significance: 5%). The evaluation followed a three-tiered complementary sequence, using: the utilization of prenatal care (Kessner index: beginning and frequency of care) at level 1; the utilization of prenatal care and basic laboratory tests, according to the Humanization Program of Prenatal Care and Birth (ABO-Rh, hemoglobin/hematocrit, VDRL, glycemia and urinalysis), at level 2; and the utilization of prenatal care, the basic laboratory tests and the obligatory clinical-obstetric procedures during a prenatal visit (assessment of blood pressure, weight, edema, uterine fundal height, gestational age, fetal heart rate and fetal presentation), at level 3. RESULTS: the observed adequacy of the process was only 26.7% (level 1), 1.9% (level 2) and 1.1% (level 3). We also observed a prenatal coverage of 99.04%, an average of 6.4 visits per pregnant woman, and an average gestational age of 17.4 weeks at the time of the first prenatal visit. There were no significant differences between the municipal services. CONCLUSIONS: prenatal care offered to SUS users in Juiz de Fora should be reviewed from a qualitative standpoint, and periodic evaluations as necessary instruments of improvement are recommendable. Managers and professionals should undertake actions aimed at increasing compliance with norms/routines of the program - principally the request/recording of basic complementary tests - and which guarantee increased utilization of prenatal care.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant adolescents: comparison between laboratory tests
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):731-738
04-13-2003
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisIron deficiency anemia in pregnant adolescents: comparison between laboratory tests
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):731-738
04-13-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003001000006
Views69See morePURPOSE: to evaluate, in pregnant adolescents, the incidence of iron deficiency, using the following blood tests: hemoglobin, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation rate and serum transferrin receptor, and their relationships. METHODS: a total of 56 adolescents were included at the first prenatal evaluation between the 12th and the 20th week of gestation. The normal values for each test were: above 11 mg/dL for hemoglobin, 12 µg/dL for ferritin, 50 mg/L for serum iron, 16% for transferrin saturation rate and below 28.1 nmol/L for serum transferrin receptor. Each result was evaluated using percentages and the McNemar test was used to compare the results. RESULTS: incidence of anemia using the hemoglobin concentration test was 21.4%. All pregnant women presented mild anemia. In the present study, 21.4% of the patients had iron deficiency with a ferritin concentration <12 mug/dL. Serum iron concentration was reduced in 3.6% of the adolescents and transferrin saturation rate in 26.8% of the sample. The value obtained by the transferrin receptor test was unclear, due to the lack of international standardization regarding measure unit. Comparing the hemoglobin concentration test to the other iron deficiency tests, it was found that the latter do not show a better evaluation than the hemoglobin concentration test in patients with hypoferremia. CONCLUSIONS: the hemoglobin concentration test in patients with mild anemia was effective to identify iron deficiency.
Views69This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisIron deficiency anemia in pregnant adolescents: comparison between laboratory tests
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(10):731-738
04-13-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003001000006
Views69See morePURPOSE: to evaluate, in pregnant adolescents, the incidence of iron deficiency, using the following blood tests: hemoglobin, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation rate and serum transferrin receptor, and their relationships. METHODS: a total of 56 adolescents were included at the first prenatal evaluation between the 12th and the 20th week of gestation. The normal values for each test were: above 11 mg/dL for hemoglobin, 12 µg/dL for ferritin, 50 mg/L for serum iron, 16% for transferrin saturation rate and below 28.1 nmol/L for serum transferrin receptor. Each result was evaluated using percentages and the McNemar test was used to compare the results. RESULTS: incidence of anemia using the hemoglobin concentration test was 21.4%. All pregnant women presented mild anemia. In the present study, 21.4% of the patients had iron deficiency with a ferritin concentration <12 mug/dL. Serum iron concentration was reduced in 3.6% of the adolescents and transferrin saturation rate in 26.8% of the sample. The value obtained by the transferrin receptor test was unclear, due to the lack of international standardization regarding measure unit. Comparing the hemoglobin concentration test to the other iron deficiency tests, it was found that the latter do not show a better evaluation than the hemoglobin concentration test in patients with hypoferremia. CONCLUSIONS: the hemoglobin concentration test in patients with mild anemia was effective to identify iron deficiency.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Trabalhos Originais
Effect of physiotherapeutic techniques on musculoskeletal discomforts in pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(9):647-654
01-19-2003
Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisEffect of physiotherapeutic techniques on musculoskeletal discomforts in pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(9):647-654
01-19-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900005
Views80See morePURPOSE: to study the effects of physiotherapeutic techniques applied by the Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for the Childbirth and Maternity on musculoskeletal discomforts during pregnancy. METHODS: prospective cohort study, with 71 low-risk nulliparous women, distributed according to participation (study: n=38) or not (control; n=33). The Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for Childbirh and Maternity had 10 meetings (18th to 38th week), with educational, physiotherapeutic, and interaction activities. Occurrence, characteristics, and evolution of musculoskeletal discomforts were compared by means of a specific questionnaire, both at the beginning and at the end of the program. The average of results of the initial assessment was compared through analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the F test. For the study between proportions in the beginning and at the end of the program the c² was used. The statistical significance was determined at 5% of limit (p<0.05). RESULTS: at the beginning of the program, 63.6% of the pregnant women of the control group and 84.2% of the study group reported musculoskeletal symptoms (p=0.05), characterized by back and posterior pelvic pain. In the control group, light intensity (18.2%) and serious intensity pain (18.4) were predominant, while in the study group, the serious was 36.8%, and the isolated or associated was 31.6%. At the end, the control group showed symptoms of serious intensity (60.6%), with daily frequency (42.4%) and length of more than 3 h (69.7%; p<0.05). The study group reported light intensity (57.9%) and bimonthly frequency (50.0%) with a maximum length of one hour (55.3%) (p<0.05). Symptom evolution was also differentiated and there were worsening in 63.6% of pregnant women of the control group and improvement in 65.8% of participants of the program (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the physiotherapeutic techniques of the Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for Childbirth and Maternity were related to a decrease in intensity, frequency and length and to a better evolution of musculoskeletal discomforts during pregnancy.
Views80This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Summary
Trabalhos OriginaisEffect of physiotherapeutic techniques on musculoskeletal discomforts in pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(9):647-654
01-19-2003DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900005
Views80See morePURPOSE: to study the effects of physiotherapeutic techniques applied by the Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for the Childbirth and Maternity on musculoskeletal discomforts during pregnancy. METHODS: prospective cohort study, with 71 low-risk nulliparous women, distributed according to participation (study: n=38) or not (control; n=33). The Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for Childbirh and Maternity had 10 meetings (18th to 38th week), with educational, physiotherapeutic, and interaction activities. Occurrence, characteristics, and evolution of musculoskeletal discomforts were compared by means of a specific questionnaire, both at the beginning and at the end of the program. The average of results of the initial assessment was compared through analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the F test. For the study between proportions in the beginning and at the end of the program the c² was used. The statistical significance was determined at 5% of limit (p<0.05). RESULTS: at the beginning of the program, 63.6% of the pregnant women of the control group and 84.2% of the study group reported musculoskeletal symptoms (p=0.05), characterized by back and posterior pelvic pain. In the control group, light intensity (18.2%) and serious intensity pain (18.4) were predominant, while in the study group, the serious was 36.8%, and the isolated or associated was 31.6%. At the end, the control group showed symptoms of serious intensity (60.6%), with daily frequency (42.4%) and length of more than 3 h (69.7%; p<0.05). The study group reported light intensity (57.9%) and bimonthly frequency (50.0%) with a maximum length of one hour (55.3%) (p<0.05). Symptom evolution was also differentiated and there were worsening in 63.6% of pregnant women of the control group and improvement in 65.8% of participants of the program (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the physiotherapeutic techniques of the Multidisciplinary Program of Preparation for Childbirth and Maternity were related to a decrease in intensity, frequency and length and to a better evolution of musculoskeletal discomforts during pregnancy.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Normal pregnancy Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
