Muscles Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(10):492-495
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001000004
PURPOSE: to report a series of three cases of a normal variation known as sternal muscle, simulating a breast lesion. METHODS: the diagnostic suspicion was based on the clinical picture, findings in the physical examination and imaging, being confirmed by sectional imaging methods such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A review of the literature has been made in the data Medline and in breast radiology textbooks about the anatomic, clinical and imaging aspects of the sternal muscle. RESULTS: three female patients, without complaints, who presented nodular breast lesions in the medial quadrants projection (two in a routine mammographic exam and one in a computerized tomography). The diagnosis of sternal muscle was confirmed through breast MRI or through thoracic CT, showing an elongated image in the left parasternal region, adjacent to the breast muscle. CONCLUSIONS: the sternal muscle is an unusual variation of the muscles of the thoracic wall, present in about 2 to 8% of the population. The knowledge of this entity is crucial, as it can simulate a breast node.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(10):492-495
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001000004
PURPOSE: to report a series of three cases of a normal variation known as sternal muscle, simulating a breast lesion. METHODS: the diagnostic suspicion was based on the clinical picture, findings in the physical examination and imaging, being confirmed by sectional imaging methods such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A review of the literature has been made in the data Medline and in breast radiology textbooks about the anatomic, clinical and imaging aspects of the sternal muscle. RESULTS: three female patients, without complaints, who presented nodular breast lesions in the medial quadrants projection (two in a routine mammographic exam and one in a computerized tomography). The diagnosis of sternal muscle was confirmed through breast MRI or through thoracic CT, showing an elongated image in the left parasternal region, adjacent to the breast muscle. CONCLUSIONS: the sternal muscle is an unusual variation of the muscles of the thoracic wall, present in about 2 to 8% of the population. The knowledge of this entity is crucial, as it can simulate a breast node.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(4):210-215
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000400008
PURPOSE: to verify the behavior of the abdominal and perineal musculature in respiratory changes induced in 15 nulliparous women without previous history of perineal or respiratory failures, with age ranging from 20 to 26 years (22.9±1.83). METHODS: the electrical abdominal and perineal activities were analyzed simultaneously through surface electromyography and perineal pressure (PP) obtained through digital biofeedback. The volunteers were told to accomplish three types of respiratory maneuvers: maximum inspiration (PImax), maximum expiration (PEmax) and Valsalva (VM), at random. The electromyographic signs were collected by the AqDados® (4.4) software for binary language ASCII, being processed later using the Matlab® (6.5.1) software. The statistical analysis of the envoltory (EN) of the signal was accomplished through Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test, and the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: it was observed that PP was larger in PImax (2.98±2,38), followed by VM (29.10±10.68), both being overcome by PEmax (38.22±9,98) (p<0.01). A positive correlation between PEmax and PP (p<0.01), as well as between EN of the perineal and abdominal musculature in PEmax and PImax (p<0.05 and p=0,03, respectively) could be shown. The results regarding VM were not significant, when PP and EN were analyzed. CONCLUSION: it was possible to identify the presence of abdomino-pelvic synergy during the execution of breathing maneuvers, especially in relation to PEmax.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(4):210-215
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000400008
PURPOSE: to verify the behavior of the abdominal and perineal musculature in respiratory changes induced in 15 nulliparous women without previous history of perineal or respiratory failures, with age ranging from 20 to 26 years (22.9±1.83). METHODS: the electrical abdominal and perineal activities were analyzed simultaneously through surface electromyography and perineal pressure (PP) obtained through digital biofeedback. The volunteers were told to accomplish three types of respiratory maneuvers: maximum inspiration (PImax), maximum expiration (PEmax) and Valsalva (VM), at random. The electromyographic signs were collected by the AqDados® (4.4) software for binary language ASCII, being processed later using the Matlab® (6.5.1) software. The statistical analysis of the envoltory (EN) of the signal was accomplished through Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test, and the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: it was observed that PP was larger in PImax (2.98±2,38), followed by VM (29.10±10.68), both being overcome by PEmax (38.22±9,98) (p<0.01). A positive correlation between PEmax and PP (p<0.01), as well as between EN of the perineal and abdominal musculature in PEmax and PImax (p<0.05 and p=0,03, respectively) could be shown. The results regarding VM were not significant, when PP and EN were analyzed. CONCLUSION: it was possible to identify the presence of abdomino-pelvic synergy during the execution of breathing maneuvers, especially in relation to PEmax.
