Menarche Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2017;39(8):397-402
To describe the reproductive variables associated with different sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes and the influence of contraceptive methods on acute painful episodes among the women with the homozygous hemoglobin S (HbSS) genotype.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between September of 2015 and April of 2016 on 158 women afflicted with SCD admitted to a hematology center in the Northeast of Brazil. The reproduction-associated variables of different SCD genotypes were assessed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test to compare means, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare medians. The association between the contraceptive method and the acute painful episodes was evaluated by the Chi-square test.
Themean age of women with SCD was 28.3 years and 86.6% were mixed or of African-American ethnicity. With respect to the genotypes, 134 women (84.8%) had HbSS genotype, 12 women (7.6%) had hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease genotype, and 12 (7.6%) were identified with hemoglobinopathy S-beta (S-β) thalassemia. The mean age of HbSS diagnosis was lower than that of HbSC disease, the less severe formof SCD (p < 0.001). The mean age ofmenarche was 14.8 ± 1.8 years for HbSS and 12.7 ± 1.5 years for HbSC (p < 0.001). Among women with HbSS who used progestin-only contraception, 16.6% had more than 4 acute painful episodes per year. There was no statistically significant difference when compared with other contraceptive methods.
With respect to reproduction-associated variables, only the age of the menarche showed delay in HbSS when compared with HbSC. The contraceptive method used was not associated with the frequency of acute painful episodes among the HbSS women.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2017;39(8):397-402
To describe the reproductive variables associated with different sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes and the influence of contraceptive methods on acute painful episodes among the women with the homozygous hemoglobin S (HbSS) genotype.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between September of 2015 and April of 2016 on 158 women afflicted with SCD admitted to a hematology center in the Northeast of Brazil. The reproduction-associated variables of different SCD genotypes were assessed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test to compare means, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare medians. The association between the contraceptive method and the acute painful episodes was evaluated by the Chi-square test.
Themean age of women with SCD was 28.3 years and 86.6% were mixed or of African-American ethnicity. With respect to the genotypes, 134 women (84.8%) had HbSS genotype, 12 women (7.6%) had hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease genotype, and 12 (7.6%) were identified with hemoglobinopathy S-beta (S-β) thalassemia. The mean age of HbSS diagnosis was lower than that of HbSC disease, the less severe formof SCD (p < 0.001). The mean age ofmenarche was 14.8 ± 1.8 years for HbSS and 12.7 ± 1.5 years for HbSC (p < 0.001). Among women with HbSS who used progestin-only contraception, 16.6% had more than 4 acute painful episodes per year. There was no statistically significant difference when compared with other contraceptive methods.
With respect to reproduction-associated variables, only the age of the menarche showed delay in HbSS when compared with HbSC. The contraceptive method used was not associated with the frequency of acute painful episodes among the HbSS women.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2008;30(5):232-240
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000500005
PURPOSE: to determine caffeine consumption in pregnant women and to evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, lifestyle and maternal nutritional status. METHODS: it is a cross-sectional study performed between 2005 and 2007. The present analysis refers to the period among the 8th and 13th gestational week and included 255 pregnant women from 18 to 40 years, clients of a municipal health center in Rio de Janeiro. The outcome variable was caffeine consumption, quantified by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which count with a list containing 81 items and eight options of consumption frequencies; besides it being previously validated in a sample of employees of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. The caffeine intake was quantified starting from the consumption of: powdered chocolate, chocolate bar or chocolate, soft drink, coffee and mate tea. The statistical analysis was performed by means of fitting a multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: the median and the mean caffeine consumption were, respectively, 97.5 and 121.1 mg (standard deviation, sd = 128.4). The high caffeine consumption (> 300 mg/day) was observed in 8.3% of pregnant women. It was observed in the multivariate model that women with earlier menarche (β = -0.15), with more household partners (b = 0.17) and who didn’t make use of medicines (β = -0.24) presented larger tendency to high caffeine consumption association that was statistically significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the caffeine consumption for most of the pregnant women was inferior to the limit of 300 mg/day as commited in other studies. Tendency was observed toward higher consumption of caffeine in pregnant women with earlier menarche, with more household partners and who didn’t make use of medicines.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2008;30(5):232-240
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000500005
PURPOSE: to determine caffeine consumption in pregnant women and to evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, lifestyle and maternal nutritional status. METHODS: it is a cross-sectional study performed between 2005 and 2007. The present analysis refers to the period among the 8th and 13th gestational week and included 255 pregnant women from 18 to 40 years, clients of a municipal health center in Rio de Janeiro. The outcome variable was caffeine consumption, quantified by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which count with a list containing 81 items and eight options of consumption frequencies; besides it being previously validated in a sample of employees of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. The caffeine intake was quantified starting from the consumption of: powdered chocolate, chocolate bar or chocolate, soft drink, coffee and mate tea. The statistical analysis was performed by means of fitting a multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: the median and the mean caffeine consumption were, respectively, 97.5 and 121.1 mg (standard deviation, sd = 128.4). The high caffeine consumption (> 300 mg/day) was observed in 8.3% of pregnant women. It was observed in the multivariate model that women with earlier menarche (β = -0.15), with more household partners (b = 0.17) and who didn’t make use of medicines (β = -0.24) presented larger tendency to high caffeine consumption association that was statistically significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the caffeine consumption for most of the pregnant women was inferior to the limit of 300 mg/day as commited in other studies. Tendency was observed toward higher consumption of caffeine in pregnant women with earlier menarche, with more household partners and who didn’t make use of medicines.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2003;25(9):673-678
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900009
PURPOSE: to evaluate the uterine volume in women between 10 and 40 years in order to observe if the uterine volume in adolescents is smaller than the uterine volume in women between 20 and 40 years. We intend to emphasize the differences between the uterine volume of adolescents and that of adult women and to correlate with the immaturity of the genital tract of adolescents regarding gestation and delivery. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, which included 828 patients between 10 and 40 years old divided into two groups and examined using abdominal ultrasound to obtain the uterine volume measure. The first group consisted of 477 (57.7%) adolescents, and the second group of 351 (42.3%) adult women between 20 and 40 years old. In the adolescent group, ultrasound examination was performed by a single observer and in the group of adult women ultrasound examination was performed by a group of observers who used the same methodology as that of group 1. Image Point HX (Hewlett Packard) and Hitachi 525 ultrasound equipment were used with a multiple frequency probe. For the calculation of the uterine volume we used the longitudinal diameter (LD), anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD) with the (LD x APD x TD) x 0.45 formula. RESULTS: adolescents aged 10 to 17 years had a smaller uterine volume than women aged 20 to 40 years (p<0.05). Adolescents who delivered twice had a uterine volume similar to that of the patients between 20 and 40 years old with respective mean values of 62.6 ± 20.6 and 69.0±22.9 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: adolescents less than 18 years old or primiparous have a smaller uterine volume than women between 20 to 40 years old. However, adolescents aged 18 years or older, or secundipara, have a uterine volume similar to that of women aged 20 to 40 years.
Summary
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2003;25(9):673-678
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900009
PURPOSE: to evaluate the uterine volume in women between 10 and 40 years in order to observe if the uterine volume in adolescents is smaller than the uterine volume in women between 20 and 40 years. We intend to emphasize the differences between the uterine volume of adolescents and that of adult women and to correlate with the immaturity of the genital tract of adolescents regarding gestation and delivery. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, which included 828 patients between 10 and 40 years old divided into two groups and examined using abdominal ultrasound to obtain the uterine volume measure. The first group consisted of 477 (57.7%) adolescents, and the second group of 351 (42.3%) adult women between 20 and 40 years old. In the adolescent group, ultrasound examination was performed by a single observer and in the group of adult women ultrasound examination was performed by a group of observers who used the same methodology as that of group 1. Image Point HX (Hewlett Packard) and Hitachi 525 ultrasound equipment were used with a multiple frequency probe. For the calculation of the uterine volume we used the longitudinal diameter (LD), anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD) with the (LD x APD x TD) x 0.45 formula. RESULTS: adolescents aged 10 to 17 years had a smaller uterine volume than women aged 20 to 40 years (p<0.05). Adolescents who delivered twice had a uterine volume similar to that of the patients between 20 and 40 years old with respective mean values of 62.6 ± 20.6 and 69.0±22.9 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: adolescents less than 18 years old or primiparous have a smaller uterine volume than women between 20 to 40 years old. However, adolescents aged 18 years or older, or secundipara, have a uterine volume similar to that of women aged 20 to 40 years.
