Lymph node excision Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
, Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(5):306-311
, To compare laparoscopy with laparotomy for surgical staging of endometrial cancer.
A cohort of women with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging was retrospectively evaluated. The main study end points were: morbidity and mortality, hospital length of stay, perioperative adverse events and recurrence rate. Data analysis was performed with the software SPSS v25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), categorical variables using a Chi-square and Fisher test, and continuous variables using the Student t-test.
Atotal of 162 patientswere analyzed. 138 patientsmet the inclusion criteria, 41of whom underwent staging by laparoscopy and 97 by laparotomy. Conversions from laparoscopy to laparotomy happened in 2 patients (4.9%) and were secondary to technical difficulties and poor exposure. Laparoscopy had fewer postoperative adverse events when compared with laparotomy (7.3% vs 23.7%, respectively; p = 0.005), but similar rates of intraoperative complications, despite having a significantly longer operative time (median, 175 vs 130 minutes, respectively; p < 0.001). Hospital stay was significantly lower in laparoscopy versus laparotomy patients (median, 3 vs 7 days, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference in recurrence or mortality rates were observed.
Laparoscopic surgical staging for endometrial cancer is feasible and safe. Patients have lower postoperative complication rates and shorter hospital stays when compared with the approach by laparotomy.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019;41(5):306-311
, To compare laparoscopy with laparotomy for surgical staging of endometrial cancer.
A cohort of women with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging was retrospectively evaluated. The main study end points were: morbidity and mortality, hospital length of stay, perioperative adverse events and recurrence rate. Data analysis was performed with the software SPSS v25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), categorical variables using a Chi-square and Fisher test, and continuous variables using the Student t-test.
Atotal of 162 patientswere analyzed. 138 patientsmet the inclusion criteria, 41of whom underwent staging by laparoscopy and 97 by laparotomy. Conversions from laparoscopy to laparotomy happened in 2 patients (4.9%) and were secondary to technical difficulties and poor exposure. Laparoscopy had fewer postoperative adverse events when compared with laparotomy (7.3% vs 23.7%, respectively; p = 0.005), but similar rates of intraoperative complications, despite having a significantly longer operative time (median, 175 vs 130 minutes, respectively; p < 0.001). Hospital stay was significantly lower in laparoscopy versus laparotomy patients (median, 3 vs 7 days, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference in recurrence or mortality rates were observed.
Laparoscopic surgical staging for endometrial cancer is feasible and safe. Patients have lower postoperative complication rates and shorter hospital stays when compared with the approach by laparotomy.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(10):486-490
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010001000003
PURPOSE: to determine the efficacy of intraoperative injection of Dextran-500-99m-technetium (Tc) for the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer and analyze time to label the SLN in the axillary region. METHODS: a prospective study between April 2008 and June 2009, which included 74 sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer in stages T1N0 and T2N0. After induction of anesthesia, 0.5 to 1.5 mCi of Dextran-500-99m-Tc filtered 0.22 µm in a volume of 5 mL was injected intraoperative using the subareolar technique for SLNB. After labeling with the radioisotope, 2 mL of patent blue was injected. The time elapsed between injection and the axillary hot spot, the in vivo and ex vivo counts of the hottest nodes, the background count, and the number of SLN identified were documented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS program, version 18. RESULTS: we identified the SLN in 100% of cases. The rate of SLN identification with the probe was 98% (73/74 cases). In one case (1.35%) the SLN was labeled only with the blue dye. The mean dose of radioisotope injected was 0.97±0.22 mCi. The average time to label the SLN was 10.7 minutes (±5.7 min). We identified on average of 1.66 SLN labeled with the radioisotope. CONCLUSION: the procedure for SLN identification with an intraoperative injection of the radioisotope is oncologically safe and comfortable for the patient, providing agility to the surgical team.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2010;32(10):486-490
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032010001000003
PURPOSE: to determine the efficacy of intraoperative injection of Dextran-500-99m-technetium (Tc) for the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer and analyze time to label the SLN in the axillary region. METHODS: a prospective study between April 2008 and June 2009, which included 74 sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer in stages T1N0 and T2N0. After induction of anesthesia, 0.5 to 1.5 mCi of Dextran-500-99m-Tc filtered 0.22 µm in a volume of 5 mL was injected intraoperative using the subareolar technique for SLNB. After labeling with the radioisotope, 2 mL of patent blue was injected. The time elapsed between injection and the axillary hot spot, the in vivo and ex vivo counts of the hottest nodes, the background count, and the number of SLN identified were documented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS program, version 18. RESULTS: we identified the SLN in 100% of cases. The rate of SLN identification with the probe was 98% (73/74 cases). In one case (1.35%) the SLN was labeled only with the blue dye. The mean dose of radioisotope injected was 0.97±0.22 mCi. The average time to label the SLN was 10.7 minutes (±5.7 min). We identified on average of 1.66 SLN labeled with the radioisotope. CONCLUSION: the procedure for SLN identification with an intraoperative injection of the radioisotope is oncologically safe and comfortable for the patient, providing agility to the surgical team.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(7):361-366
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000700007
PURPOSE: to identify sensitivity alteration in the intercostal brachial nerve pathway using an extensiometer, and to observe the measurement reproducibility of the apparatus. METHODS: the Semmes-Weinstein extensiometer was used to evaluate the sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway. Ninety-four women have participated in the study, divided into two groups: a CA Group composed of 47 women submitted to breast cancer axillary lymphadenectomy, and a comparative group composed of 47 women without breast cancer, who had not been submitted to any kind of axillary surgery. Each participant underwent anamnesis and two consecutive applications of the extensiometer. The Control Group responses to the extensiometer test were used as normality reference values. RESULTS: based on Control Group responses, the prevalence of sensitivity changes was 85.1% in the CA Group. Reproducibility of the extensiometer application was confirmed in the CA Group through the Kappa's test (p=0.8). CONCLUSIONS: in this studied sample, sensitivity alterations had high prevalence; evaluations made with the extensiometer were reproducible, and thus we consider the equipment reliable to evaluate sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(7):361-366
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000700007
PURPOSE: to identify sensitivity alteration in the intercostal brachial nerve pathway using an extensiometer, and to observe the measurement reproducibility of the apparatus. METHODS: the Semmes-Weinstein extensiometer was used to evaluate the sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway. Ninety-four women have participated in the study, divided into two groups: a CA Group composed of 47 women submitted to breast cancer axillary lymphadenectomy, and a comparative group composed of 47 women without breast cancer, who had not been submitted to any kind of axillary surgery. Each participant underwent anamnesis and two consecutive applications of the extensiometer. The Control Group responses to the extensiometer test were used as normality reference values. RESULTS: based on Control Group responses, the prevalence of sensitivity changes was 85.1% in the CA Group. Reproducibility of the extensiometer application was confirmed in the CA Group through the Kappa's test (p=0.8). CONCLUSIONS: in this studied sample, sensitivity alterations had high prevalence; evaluations made with the extensiometer were reproducible, and thus we consider the equipment reliable to evaluate sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(5):224-229
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000500004
PURPOSE: to identify the pattern of myoelectrical activity of muscles from the scapular region, after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer. METHODS: prospective cohort study including all the women submitted to axillary lymphadenectomy for surgical treatment of breast cancer, in a breast cancer reference center, from June to August 2006. The women were evaluated before, and after 3 and 12 months from the surgery, through physical and electromyographic examinations of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles. RESULTS: the patients' average age was 60.3 years old (DP±14.1), and the incidence of winged scapula at the physical examination was 64.9%. At the third-months evaluation, a reduction of 28.3 µV was observed in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior muscle. At the twelveth-months evaluation and between the 3rd and the 12th month, there was an increment of 23.3 µV and 43.6 µV, respectively. For the upper trapezius, the increase was of 23.1 µV at the third-months evaluation, and 23.3 µV and 43.6 µV between the 3rd and the 12th months. As compared to before the surgery, the evaluation of the middle deltoid muscle did no present significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: considering muscle activity evaluated by surface electromyography, there was a decrease in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior, due to lesion of the long thoracic nerve (neuropraxia), in the immediate postoperative evaluation. The increase of the mean square root of the electromyographic signal of the upper trapezius muscle, since the preoperative evaluation, suggests a muscular compensation related to the serratus anterior muscle's deficit.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(5):224-229
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000500004
PURPOSE: to identify the pattern of myoelectrical activity of muscles from the scapular region, after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer. METHODS: prospective cohort study including all the women submitted to axillary lymphadenectomy for surgical treatment of breast cancer, in a breast cancer reference center, from June to August 2006. The women were evaluated before, and after 3 and 12 months from the surgery, through physical and electromyographic examinations of the serratus anterior, upper trapezius and middle deltoid muscles. RESULTS: the patients' average age was 60.3 years old (DP±14.1), and the incidence of winged scapula at the physical examination was 64.9%. At the third-months evaluation, a reduction of 28.3 µV was observed in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior muscle. At the twelveth-months evaluation and between the 3rd and the 12th month, there was an increment of 23.3 µV and 43.6 µV, respectively. For the upper trapezius, the increase was of 23.1 µV at the third-months evaluation, and 23.3 µV and 43.6 µV between the 3rd and the 12th months. As compared to before the surgery, the evaluation of the middle deltoid muscle did no present significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: considering muscle activity evaluated by surface electromyography, there was a decrease in the myoelectrical activity of the serratus anterior, due to lesion of the long thoracic nerve (neuropraxia), in the immediate postoperative evaluation. The increase of the mean square root of the electromyographic signal of the upper trapezius muscle, since the preoperative evaluation, suggests a muscular compensation related to the serratus anterior muscle's deficit.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):291-296
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000600003
PURPOSE: loss of cutaneous sensitivity has been related to lesions of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) during the axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment. We evaluated pain and cutaneous sensitivity in the ICBN dermatome of patients in which the nerve was preserved during the axillary dissection. METHODS: we carried out a prospective cohort study of 77 patients divided into: NP group (n=34), patients without ICBN preservation, and ICB group (n=43), patients in which the nerve was preserved. Cutaneous sensitivity was evaluated one year after surgery using 1) a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire; 2) clinical examination including brachial perimetry and evaluation of pain and tactile sensitivity; 3) Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments which allow an objective, qualitative, and quantitative evaluation of peripheral nerve lesions. RESULTS: pain was more frequently reported in the NP group (23/33) than in patients from the ICB group (17/42); p=0,012. Painful sensitivity was preserved in the majority of patients from the ICB group (38/42) but in only 11/33 patients from the NP group (p<0,01). There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes dissected between the two groups (p=0,06). CONCLUSIONS: patients with ICBN preservation had less pain and more preservation of cutaneous sensitivity, with no decreased number of axillary lymph nodes removed during the axillary dissection.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):291-296
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000600003
PURPOSE: loss of cutaneous sensitivity has been related to lesions of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) during the axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment. We evaluated pain and cutaneous sensitivity in the ICBN dermatome of patients in which the nerve was preserved during the axillary dissection. METHODS: we carried out a prospective cohort study of 77 patients divided into: NP group (n=34), patients without ICBN preservation, and ICB group (n=43), patients in which the nerve was preserved. Cutaneous sensitivity was evaluated one year after surgery using 1) a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire; 2) clinical examination including brachial perimetry and evaluation of pain and tactile sensitivity; 3) Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments which allow an objective, qualitative, and quantitative evaluation of peripheral nerve lesions. RESULTS: pain was more frequently reported in the NP group (23/33) than in patients from the ICB group (17/42); p=0,012. Painful sensitivity was preserved in the majority of patients from the ICB group (38/42) but in only 11/33 patients from the NP group (p<0,01). There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes dissected between the two groups (p=0,06). CONCLUSIONS: patients with ICBN preservation had less pain and more preservation of cutaneous sensitivity, with no decreased number of axillary lymph nodes removed during the axillary dissection.
