hysterectomy Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(8):411-414
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000800007
Benign metastazing leiomyomatosis (BML) is a rare disease in which the lung is the most affected extra-uterine organ. The BML histology is compatible with benignity and similar to that found in the myometrial leiomyoma. A history of surgically treated uterine myomatosis is reported by most of the patients with metastatic disease. We report the cases of two patients with uterine metastazing leiomyomatosis. In the first case, a 55-year-old patient presented lung nodes over 20 years after being submitted to hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma. The histological and immunohistochemical studies from the lung node revealed that it was an implant of benign leiomyoma. The second patient, a 65-years-old woman, presented lung and retroperitoneal nodes 20 years after being submitted to a hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(8):411-414
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009000800007
Benign metastazing leiomyomatosis (BML) is a rare disease in which the lung is the most affected extra-uterine organ. The BML histology is compatible with benignity and similar to that found in the myometrial leiomyoma. A history of surgically treated uterine myomatosis is reported by most of the patients with metastatic disease. We report the cases of two patients with uterine metastazing leiomyomatosis. In the first case, a 55-year-old patient presented lung nodes over 20 years after being submitted to hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma. The histological and immunohistochemical studies from the lung node revealed that it was an implant of benign leiomyoma. The second patient, a 65-years-old woman, presented lung and retroperitoneal nodes 20 years after being submitted to a hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(11):544-549
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008001100003
PURPOSE: to compare the efficacy of tinidazole and cephazolin on the febrile and infectious morbidity of post vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: randomized clinical study, where women admitted to hospital for hysterectomy were randomly allocated in one of the following antibiotic prophylaxis groups: Group C (2 g of IV cephazolin in the anesthetic induction); Group T (2 g of tinidazole orally, 12 hours before the surgery); or Group C+T (2 g of tinidazole orally 12 hours before the surgery and 2g of IV cephazolin in the anesthetic induction). Cervicovaginal smears were collected for specific cultures and the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was based in Amsel and Nugent's criteria. The patients were reevaluated 7 and 30 days after the surgery for signs of febrile and/or infectious morbidity. The χ2 or the Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences among the three groups, with a significance level of 5%. The sample power (1-β) was calculated through the SAS program. RESULTS: seven days after the hysterectomy, infectious morbidity was diagnosed in 6.6% of the women, but with no significant difference among the three groups studied (p=0.12). There was no febrile or infectious morbidity at the immediate post-surgical period or after 30 days from the surgery. BV ratio at the pre-surgical period was significantly higher among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy, rather than among the ones submitted to abdominal hysterectomy (27 versus 7%, p=0.02). BV ratio was also higher after 30 days, among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy (20 versus 8%), though without statistical significance (p=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: the use of tinidazole, isolated or associated with cephazolin has not presented higher efficacy, than the use of cephazolin, alone to prevent febrile or infectious morbidity post hysterectomy. The high ratio of BV at the immediate pre-surgery period among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy suggests that this infection must be better investigated and properly treated before the surgery.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(11):544-549
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008001100003
PURPOSE: to compare the efficacy of tinidazole and cephazolin on the febrile and infectious morbidity of post vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS: randomized clinical study, where women admitted to hospital for hysterectomy were randomly allocated in one of the following antibiotic prophylaxis groups: Group C (2 g of IV cephazolin in the anesthetic induction); Group T (2 g of tinidazole orally, 12 hours before the surgery); or Group C+T (2 g of tinidazole orally 12 hours before the surgery and 2g of IV cephazolin in the anesthetic induction). Cervicovaginal smears were collected for specific cultures and the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was based in Amsel and Nugent's criteria. The patients were reevaluated 7 and 30 days after the surgery for signs of febrile and/or infectious morbidity. The χ2 or the Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences among the three groups, with a significance level of 5%. The sample power (1-β) was calculated through the SAS program. RESULTS: seven days after the hysterectomy, infectious morbidity was diagnosed in 6.6% of the women, but with no significant difference among the three groups studied (p=0.12). There was no febrile or infectious morbidity at the immediate post-surgical period or after 30 days from the surgery. BV ratio at the pre-surgical period was significantly higher among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy, rather than among the ones submitted to abdominal hysterectomy (27 versus 7%, p=0.02). BV ratio was also higher after 30 days, among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy (20 versus 8%), though without statistical significance (p=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: the use of tinidazole, isolated or associated with cephazolin has not presented higher efficacy, than the use of cephazolin, alone to prevent febrile or infectious morbidity post hysterectomy. The high ratio of BV at the immediate pre-surgery period among the women submitted to vaginal hysterectomy suggests that this infection must be better investigated and properly treated before the surgery.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):324-328
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000600008
Leiomyomas are benign tumors. They appear in the myometrium and present a variable amount of fibrous conjunctive tissue. About 75% of the cases are not symptomatic and are usually found during abdominal, bimanual pelvic examination or during ultrasonography. The symptoms are directly related to the size, number and localization of the myomas. In the present review, the current clinical therapeutic procedures (oral anti-conceptive drugs, progestins and anti-progestins, analogues of the gonadothrophins’ releasing hormone (GnRH), and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), and also the surgical procedures (hysterectomy, myomectomy, embolization) are presented for the treatment of leiomyomas.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(6):324-328
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000600008
Leiomyomas are benign tumors. They appear in the myometrium and present a variable amount of fibrous conjunctive tissue. About 75% of the cases are not symptomatic and are usually found during abdominal, bimanual pelvic examination or during ultrasonography. The symptoms are directly related to the size, number and localization of the myomas. In the present review, the current clinical therapeutic procedures (oral anti-conceptive drugs, progestins and anti-progestins, analogues of the gonadothrophins’ releasing hormone (GnRH), and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), and also the surgical procedures (hysterectomy, myomectomy, embolization) are presented for the treatment of leiomyomas.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(3):120-125
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000300002
PURPOSE: to present a surgical technique for patients submitted to caesarean section, which evolves to medicine refractory hemorrhage. METHODS: a case report study, of which the including criteria were failure in the pharmacological treatment to control post-partum hemorrhage, and the patients' request to preserve their uterus. Four patients submitted to caesarean section which evolved to immediate post-partum hemorrhage, refractory to the use of ocytocin, ergometrine and misoprostol, were treated with the suture technique described by B-Lynch, without modification. The uterus was transfixed in six points according to the standard procedure, with chrome catgut-2 or polyglactine-1thread. After the assistant's manual compression of the uterus, the thread was pulled by its extremities by the surgeon, and a double knot followed by two simple knots were applied before performing the hysterorraphy. RESULTS: needled chrome catgut-2 thread was used in three cases and needled poluglactine-1 in one case. In the four cases there was immediate discontinuity of the vaginal bleeding, after the suture. The four patients did not present any complication during the procedure or along the immediate and late puerperal period. CONCLUSION: this technique represents a surgical alternative to deal with post-partum hemorrhage and may represent a reduction in the maternal morbidity and mortality in our country.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(3):120-125
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000300002
PURPOSE: to present a surgical technique for patients submitted to caesarean section, which evolves to medicine refractory hemorrhage. METHODS: a case report study, of which the including criteria were failure in the pharmacological treatment to control post-partum hemorrhage, and the patients' request to preserve their uterus. Four patients submitted to caesarean section which evolved to immediate post-partum hemorrhage, refractory to the use of ocytocin, ergometrine and misoprostol, were treated with the suture technique described by B-Lynch, without modification. The uterus was transfixed in six points according to the standard procedure, with chrome catgut-2 or polyglactine-1thread. After the assistant's manual compression of the uterus, the thread was pulled by its extremities by the surgeon, and a double knot followed by two simple knots were applied before performing the hysterorraphy. RESULTS: needled chrome catgut-2 thread was used in three cases and needled poluglactine-1 in one case. In the four cases there was immediate discontinuity of the vaginal bleeding, after the suture. The four patients did not present any complication during the procedure or along the immediate and late puerperal period. CONCLUSION: this technique represents a surgical alternative to deal with post-partum hemorrhage and may represent a reduction in the maternal morbidity and mortality in our country.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):67-73
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000200002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the teaching and the practice of hysterectomy in the Brazilian regions and to compare them with data of international literature. METHODS: questionnaires about nine issues on benign hysterectomy indications, surgical procedures, use of antibiotic prophylaxis, suture of the vaginal vault and complications were sent to the 132 Gynecological and Obstetrics Residency Services of Brazil, registered by the Ministry of the Education and Culture in 2003. Data were computed and statically analyzed, with the use of the Friedman's, Kruskal-Wallis's and chi2 tests, according to the characteristics of the variables. RESULTS: 48.5% of the questionnaires were answered or justified when there were no answers, mainly in the Southeastern region (62%). The main surgical hysterectomy procedure was the abdominal, varying from 60 to 100% (p<0.001), followed by the vaginal (10 to 40%) and the laparoscopy (6%). In 94% of the cases, laparoscopy was not employed. The main indication for hysterectomy was myomatosis (60.4%; p<0.001), followed by adenomiosis (8.3%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (7.5%). First generation cephalosporin was used for antibiotic prophylaxis in 94% of the cases. There was no significant statistical difference among the threads (simple Catgut®, chrome Catgut® or Vicryl®) used for the suture of the vaginal vault and the development of granuloma in this region, which was the main complication of the procedure (p=0,002). CONCLUSIONS: the surgical procedures, the hysterectomy indications, the threads used to suture the vaginal vault and the complications were similar in the different regions of Brazil and they agreed with the evidence reported in the international literature.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(2):67-73
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007000200002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the teaching and the practice of hysterectomy in the Brazilian regions and to compare them with data of international literature. METHODS: questionnaires about nine issues on benign hysterectomy indications, surgical procedures, use of antibiotic prophylaxis, suture of the vaginal vault and complications were sent to the 132 Gynecological and Obstetrics Residency Services of Brazil, registered by the Ministry of the Education and Culture in 2003. Data were computed and statically analyzed, with the use of the Friedman's, Kruskal-Wallis's and chi2 tests, according to the characteristics of the variables. RESULTS: 48.5% of the questionnaires were answered or justified when there were no answers, mainly in the Southeastern region (62%). The main surgical hysterectomy procedure was the abdominal, varying from 60 to 100% (p<0.001), followed by the vaginal (10 to 40%) and the laparoscopy (6%). In 94% of the cases, laparoscopy was not employed. The main indication for hysterectomy was myomatosis (60.4%; p<0.001), followed by adenomiosis (8.3%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (7.5%). First generation cephalosporin was used for antibiotic prophylaxis in 94% of the cases. There was no significant statistical difference among the threads (simple Catgut®, chrome Catgut® or Vicryl®) used for the suture of the vaginal vault and the development of granuloma in this region, which was the main complication of the procedure (p=0,002). CONCLUSIONS: the surgical procedures, the hysterectomy indications, the threads used to suture the vaginal vault and the complications were similar in the different regions of Brazil and they agreed with the evidence reported in the international literature.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(9):537-540
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000900008
Purpose: the laparoscope can be used to convert an abdominal into a vaginal hysterectomy when there are contraindications for the vaginal approach, and not as a substitute for simple vaginal hysterectomy. The purpose of the present study is to discuss the role of laparoscopy in vaginal hysterectomy. Methods: between February 1995 and September 1998, 400 patients were considered candidates for vaginal hysterectomy.Exclusion criteria included uterine prolapse, adnexal tumor and uterine immobility. The Heaney technique was used, and different morcellation procedures were employed for the removal of enlarged uteri. Results: the mean age and parity was 46.9 years and 3.2 deliveries, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (7.2%) were nulliparous, and 104 (26.0%) had never delivered vaginally. Three hundred and three patients (75.7%) had a history of previous pelvic surgery, the most common being cesarean section (48.7%). The most frequent indication was leiomyoma (61.2%), and the mean uterine volume was 239.9 cm³ (30-1228 cm³). Vaginal hysterectomy was successfully performed in 396 patients (99.0%), and 73 surgeries (18.2%) were done by residents. The mean operative time was 45 min. Diagnostic/operative laparoscopy was performed in 16 patients (4.0%). Intraoperative complications included 6 cystotomies (1.5%) and one rectal laceration (0.2%). There were four conversions (1.0%) to the abdominal route. Postoperative complications occurred in 24 patients (6.0%). Two hundred and eighty-one patients (70.2%) were discharged 24 h after surgery. Conclusions: the laparoscope does not seem to be necessary in cases were the uterus is mobile and there is no adnexal tumor. The main role of the laparoscope may be to increase the awareness of gynecologists to the possibility of a simple vaginal hysterectomy in the majority of cases.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(9):537-540
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000900008
Purpose: the laparoscope can be used to convert an abdominal into a vaginal hysterectomy when there are contraindications for the vaginal approach, and not as a substitute for simple vaginal hysterectomy. The purpose of the present study is to discuss the role of laparoscopy in vaginal hysterectomy. Methods: between February 1995 and September 1998, 400 patients were considered candidates for vaginal hysterectomy.Exclusion criteria included uterine prolapse, adnexal tumor and uterine immobility. The Heaney technique was used, and different morcellation procedures were employed for the removal of enlarged uteri. Results: the mean age and parity was 46.9 years and 3.2 deliveries, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (7.2%) were nulliparous, and 104 (26.0%) had never delivered vaginally. Three hundred and three patients (75.7%) had a history of previous pelvic surgery, the most common being cesarean section (48.7%). The most frequent indication was leiomyoma (61.2%), and the mean uterine volume was 239.9 cm³ (30-1228 cm³). Vaginal hysterectomy was successfully performed in 396 patients (99.0%), and 73 surgeries (18.2%) were done by residents. The mean operative time was 45 min. Diagnostic/operative laparoscopy was performed in 16 patients (4.0%). Intraoperative complications included 6 cystotomies (1.5%) and one rectal laceration (0.2%). There were four conversions (1.0%) to the abdominal route. Postoperative complications occurred in 24 patients (6.0%). Two hundred and eighty-one patients (70.2%) were discharged 24 h after surgery. Conclusions: the laparoscope does not seem to be necessary in cases were the uterus is mobile and there is no adnexal tumor. The main role of the laparoscope may be to increase the awareness of gynecologists to the possibility of a simple vaginal hysterectomy in the majority of cases.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(1):41-45
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000100007
Purpose: to demonstrate a new approach to treatment of endometrial cancer. Methods: Between February, 1996 and February, 1998, twelve patients with endometrial cancer, diagnosed by hysteroscopy and biopsy, were submitted to pelvic lymphadenectomy and hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopy. The mean age was 58.1 years, the mean number of gestations was 2.3 and the mean body mass index was 28.6. Results: the mean length of anesthesia was 4.8 hours. The mean time of hospital stay was 3.3 days. The total of lymph nodes obtained was 176, 104 (59.1%) being from the right side and 72 (40.9%) from the left side. The mean of lymph nodes per patient was 18.5. We observed two complications: in one case the laparoscopic procedure had to be abandoned because the patient presented a dangerous increase in intratracheal pressure and in the other case a granuloma in the vagina was observed. Conclusions: the initial evaluation of the laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopy shows that we achieved good results regarding the accuracy of staging, the number of nodes and a small number (3) of complications.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(1):41-45
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000100007
Purpose: to demonstrate a new approach to treatment of endometrial cancer. Methods: Between February, 1996 and February, 1998, twelve patients with endometrial cancer, diagnosed by hysteroscopy and biopsy, were submitted to pelvic lymphadenectomy and hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopy. The mean age was 58.1 years, the mean number of gestations was 2.3 and the mean body mass index was 28.6. Results: the mean length of anesthesia was 4.8 hours. The mean time of hospital stay was 3.3 days. The total of lymph nodes obtained was 176, 104 (59.1%) being from the right side and 72 (40.9%) from the left side. The mean of lymph nodes per patient was 18.5. We observed two complications: in one case the laparoscopic procedure had to be abandoned because the patient presented a dangerous increase in intratracheal pressure and in the other case a granuloma in the vagina was observed. Conclusions: the initial evaluation of the laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopy shows that we achieved good results regarding the accuracy of staging, the number of nodes and a small number (3) of complications.