Hypertension and pregnancy Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(4):209-214
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000400005
Purpose: to develop an experimental model in rats to study the interaction between hypertension and pregnancy. Methods: the present experiment was divided into 5 periods: adaptation (2 weeks), surgical procedures (1 week), hypertension development (6 weeks), mating and blood pressure stabilization (6 weeks), and gestational period (3 weeks). A total of 82 animals in reproductive age, weighing from 180 to 240 g, were used. They were randomly assigned to the 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomy and hypertension) and renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery, according to the technique described by Goldblatt, and contralateral nephrectomy (Goldblatt I - one kidney, one clip hypertension). They were studied at 15 precise moments. Afterwards, periodic blood pressure determinations were made by the tail plethysmographic method. Results: pregnancy caused a fall in blood pressure levels in the rat. Conclusion: the experimental model was adequate for the purposes of the study, since it proved to be efficient in producing hypertension.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(4):209-214
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000400005
Purpose: to develop an experimental model in rats to study the interaction between hypertension and pregnancy. Methods: the present experiment was divided into 5 periods: adaptation (2 weeks), surgical procedures (1 week), hypertension development (6 weeks), mating and blood pressure stabilization (6 weeks), and gestational period (3 weeks). A total of 82 animals in reproductive age, weighing from 180 to 240 g, were used. They were randomly assigned to the 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomy and hypertension) and renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery, according to the technique described by Goldblatt, and contralateral nephrectomy (Goldblatt I - one kidney, one clip hypertension). They were studied at 15 precise moments. Afterwards, periodic blood pressure determinations were made by the tail plethysmographic method. Results: pregnancy caused a fall in blood pressure levels in the rat. Conclusion: the experimental model was adequate for the purposes of the study, since it proved to be efficient in producing hypertension.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(9):567-572
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000900005
Purpose: to study the repercussion of arterial hypertension regarding body weight gain and body length, as well as liver and brain weight of offspring. Methods: a total of 82 animals in reproductive age were used. They were randomly assigned to 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomized and hypertensive). Renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery and contralateral nephrectomy, according to the technique described by Goldblatt (Goldblatt I: one kidney - one clip hypertension). Afterwards, they were distributed among nonpregnant and pregnant groups. The following newborn groups resulted from the pregnant groups: RN-C (control-newborn group of pregnant rats without surgical treatment), RN-M (manipulation-newborn group of the pregnant rats with surgical manipulation), RN-N (nephrectomized-newborn group of pregnant rats with nephrectomy) and Rn-H (hypertensive-newborn group of pregnant rats with hypertension). Results: the RN-N and RN-H groups showed body weight gain (
= 3,64 ± 0,50; or = 3,37 ± 0,44), body length ( = 3,89 ± 0,36; or = 3,68 ± 0,32) and brain weight ( = 0,16 ± 0,01; or = 0,16 ± 0,05), respectively, smaller than the control group ( = 5,40 ± 0,51; or = 4,95 ± 0,23 and or = 0,22 ± 0,04, respectively). In addition, the RN-H group showed the lowest liver weight ( = 0,22 ± 0,03) compared with the other three groups. Conclusion: after statistical analysis, the results obtained showed that the arterial hypertension determined a reduction in body weight, body length, and liver and brain weight of the offspring.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(9):567-572
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000900005
Purpose: to study the repercussion of arterial hypertension regarding body weight gain and body length, as well as liver and brain weight of offspring. Methods: a total of 82 animals in reproductive age were used. They were randomly assigned to 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomized and hypertensive). Renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery and contralateral nephrectomy, according to the technique described by Goldblatt (Goldblatt I: one kidney - one clip hypertension). Afterwards, they were distributed among nonpregnant and pregnant groups. The following newborn groups resulted from the pregnant groups: RN-C (control-newborn group of pregnant rats without surgical treatment), RN-M (manipulation-newborn group of the pregnant rats with surgical manipulation), RN-N (nephrectomized-newborn group of pregnant rats with nephrectomy) and Rn-H (hypertensive-newborn group of pregnant rats with hypertension). Results: the RN-N and RN-H groups showed body weight gain ( = 3,64 ± 0,50; or = 3,37 ± 0,44), body length ( = 3,89 ± 0,36; or = 3,68 ± 0,32) and brain weight ( = 0,16 ± 0,01; or = 0,16 ± 0,05), respectively, smaller than the control group ( = 5,40 ± 0,51; or = 4,95 ± 0,23 and or = 0,22 ± 0,04, respectively). In addition, the RN-H group showed the lowest liver weight ( = 0,22 ± 0,03) compared with the other three groups. Conclusion: after statistical analysis, the results obtained showed that the arterial hypertension determined a reduction in body weight, body length, and liver and brain weight of the offspring.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(2):87-91
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000200005
Purpose: to study the repercussion regarding placental weight and placental index determined by induced experimental hypertension in rats. Methods: a total of 82 rats in reproductive age were used. They were randomly assigned to 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomy and hypertension) and renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery, according to the technique described by Goldblatt, and contralateral nephrectomy (Goldblatt I one kidney--one clip model). Furthermore, they were distributed into non-pregnant groups and pregnant (P) groups. From the pregnant groups, the following newborn groups were obtained: RN-C (control -- newborn group from the pregnant rats without surgical treatment), RN-M (manipulation -- newborn group from the pregnant rats with surgical manipulation), RN-N (nephrectomy -- newborn group from the pregnant rats with nephrectomy) and RN-H (hypertension -- newborn group from pregnant rats with hypertension). Results: the RN-C newborn group (
= 0.58 ± 0,12) showed placental weight higher than the other three groups (RN-M: or = 0.51 ± 0.05; RN-N: or = 0.45 ± 0.07 and RN-H: or = 0.42 ± 0.04). On the other hand, it was possible to observe that the placental weight of the RN-M was higher than that of RN-N and RN-H, respectively, but no difference was observed between the RN-N and RN-H groups. The placental index showed no difference between P-C (Md = 0.1085) and P-M (Md = 0.1110), and also between P-N (0.1175) and P-H (0.1211), but it was observed that the placental indexes of P-C and P-M were smaller that those of P-N and P-H. Conclusion: unilateral nephrectomy and hypertension determined a reduction in placental weight and an increase in the placental index, showing a repercussion regarding placental and fetal development.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(2):87-91
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000200005
Purpose: to study the repercussion regarding placental weight and placental index determined by induced experimental hypertension in rats. Methods: a total of 82 rats in reproductive age were used. They were randomly assigned to 4 different groups (control, handled, nephrectomy and hypertension) and renal hypertension was produced by a controlled constriction of the main left renal artery, according to the technique described by Goldblatt, and contralateral nephrectomy (Goldblatt I one kidney--one clip model). Furthermore, they were distributed into non-pregnant groups and pregnant (P) groups. From the pregnant groups, the following newborn groups were obtained: RN-C (control -- newborn group from the pregnant rats without surgical treatment), RN-M (manipulation -- newborn group from the pregnant rats with surgical manipulation), RN-N (nephrectomy -- newborn group from the pregnant rats with nephrectomy) and RN-H (hypertension -- newborn group from pregnant rats with hypertension). Results: the RN-C newborn group ( = 0.58 ± 0,12) showed placental weight higher than the other three groups (RN-M: or = 0.51 ± 0.05; RN-N: or = 0.45 ± 0.07 and RN-H: or = 0.42 ± 0.04). On the other hand, it was possible to observe that the placental weight of the RN-M was higher than that of RN-N and RN-H, respectively, but no difference was observed between the RN-N and RN-H groups. The placental index showed no difference between P-C (Md = 0.1085) and P-M (Md = 0.1110), and also between P-N (0.1175) and P-H (0.1211), but it was observed that the placental indexes of P-C and P-M were smaller that those of P-N and P-H. Conclusion: unilateral nephrectomy and hypertension determined a reduction in placental weight and an increase in the placental index, showing a repercussion regarding placental and fetal development.
