Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(4):323-328
, , , , , Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a rare type of pregnancy, in which 15 to 20% of the cases may develop into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The diagnostic of GTN must be done as early as possible through weekly surveillance of serum hCG after uterine evacuation.We report the case of 23-year-old primigravida, with CHM but without surveillance of hCG after uterine evacuation. Two months later, the patient presented to the emergency with vaginal bleeding and was referred to the Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas do Hospital São Paulo. She was diagnosed with high risk GTN stage/score III:7 as per The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics/World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO). The sonographic examination revealed enlarged uterus with a heterogeneous mass constituted of multiple large vessels invading and causing disarrangement of the myometrium. The patient evolved with progressive worsening of vaginal bleeding after chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) regimen. She underwent blood transfusion and embolization of uterine arteries due to severe vaginal hemorrhage episodes, with complete control of bleeding. The hCG reached a negative value after the third cycle, and there was a complete regression of the anomalous vascularization of the uterus as well as full recovery of the uterine anatomy. The treatment in a reference center was essential for the appropriate management, especially regarding the uterine arteries embolization trough percutaneous femoral
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(4):323-328
, , , , , Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a rare type of pregnancy, in which 15 to 20% of the cases may develop into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The diagnostic of GTN must be done as early as possible through weekly surveillance of serum hCG after uterine evacuation.We report the case of 23-year-old primigravida, with CHM but without surveillance of hCG after uterine evacuation. Two months later, the patient presented to the emergency with vaginal bleeding and was referred to the Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas do Hospital São Paulo. She was diagnosed with high risk GTN stage/score III:7 as per The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics/World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO). The sonographic examination revealed enlarged uterus with a heterogeneous mass constituted of multiple large vessels invading and causing disarrangement of the myometrium. The patient evolved with progressive worsening of vaginal bleeding after chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) regimen. She underwent blood transfusion and embolization of uterine arteries due to severe vaginal hemorrhage episodes, with complete control of bleeding. The hCG reached a negative value after the third cycle, and there was a complete regression of the anomalous vascularization of the uterus as well as full recovery of the uterine anatomy. The treatment in a reference center was essential for the appropriate management, especially regarding the uterine arteries embolization trough percutaneous femoral
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(5):294-299
This report presents the case of a patient with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after a partial hydatidiform mole formed in the Fallopian tube. Ectopic molar pregnancy is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in every 20,000 to 100,000 pregnancies; less than 300 cases of it have been reported in the Western literature. The present report is important because it presents current diagnostic criteria for this rare condition, which has been incorrectly diagnosed in the past, not only morphologically but also immunohistochemically. It also draws the attention of obstetricians to the occurrence of ectopic molar pregnancy, which tends to progress to Fallopian tube rupture more often than in cases of ectopic non-molar pregnancy. Progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia ensures that patients with ectopic molar pregnancy must undergo postmolar monitoring, which must be just as thorough as that of patients with intrauterine hydatidiform moles, even if chemotherapy results in high cure rates.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(5):294-299
This report presents the case of a patient with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after a partial hydatidiform mole formed in the Fallopian tube. Ectopic molar pregnancy is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in every 20,000 to 100,000 pregnancies; less than 300 cases of it have been reported in the Western literature. The present report is important because it presents current diagnostic criteria for this rare condition, which has been incorrectly diagnosed in the past, not only morphologically but also immunohistochemically. It also draws the attention of obstetricians to the occurrence of ectopic molar pregnancy, which tends to progress to Fallopian tube rupture more often than in cases of ectopic non-molar pregnancy. Progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia ensures that patients with ectopic molar pregnancy must undergo postmolar monitoring, which must be just as thorough as that of patients with intrauterine hydatidiform moles, even if chemotherapy results in high cure rates.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100009
PURPOSE: to study the frequency of recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm and to analyze whether the features and the outcome of the repetitive disease lead to a higher risk of invasion or of malignization and the need for more courses of chemotherapy and more aggressive regimens. METHODS: twenty-nine patients with recurrent hydatidiform mole were followed up at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Trophoblastic Disease Center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between 1960 and 2001, showing an incidence of 1.28% (29/2262). The medical charts were examined to determine the patient's age, number of pregnancies, parity, clinical presentation and chemotherapy. A total of fifty-eight trophoblastic neoplasm episodes occurred in these 29 patients and all were reviewed regarding their pathology. Statistical data were determined by the chi2 test with Yates correction and analysis was performed using Epi-Info software for Windows 2000. RESULTS: invasive mole or choriocarcinoma occurred at the first event of hydatidiform mole in only one patient (1/29 - 3.44%), whereas invasion or malignization occurred in the second event in seven patients (7/29 - 24,13%) [OR: 8.9; CI 95%: 1.5 - 41; p<0.05]. CONCLUSION: recurrent molar pregnancy was associated with histological worsening and an increase in the incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the consecutive episodes of hydatidiform mole, more frequent and aggressive chemotherapy being necessary.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(1):61-66
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000100009
PURPOSE: to study the frequency of recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasm and to analyze whether the features and the outcome of the repetitive disease lead to a higher risk of invasion or of malignization and the need for more courses of chemotherapy and more aggressive regimens. METHODS: twenty-nine patients with recurrent hydatidiform mole were followed up at the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Trophoblastic Disease Center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) between 1960 and 2001, showing an incidence of 1.28% (29/2262). The medical charts were examined to determine the patient's age, number of pregnancies, parity, clinical presentation and chemotherapy. A total of fifty-eight trophoblastic neoplasm episodes occurred in these 29 patients and all were reviewed regarding their pathology. Statistical data were determined by the chi2 test with Yates correction and analysis was performed using Epi-Info software for Windows 2000. RESULTS: invasive mole or choriocarcinoma occurred at the first event of hydatidiform mole in only one patient (1/29 - 3.44%), whereas invasion or malignization occurred in the second event in seven patients (7/29 - 24,13%) [OR: 8.9; CI 95%: 1.5 - 41; p<0.05]. CONCLUSION: recurrent molar pregnancy was associated with histological worsening and an increase in the incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the consecutive episodes of hydatidiform mole, more frequent and aggressive chemotherapy being necessary.