endometrial polyp Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(1):35-40
, , , , , , , To evaluate the presence of residual disease in the uterine specimen after hysteroscopic polypectomy or polyp biopsy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).
We analyzed a series of 104 patients (92 cases from the Hospital AC Camargo and 12 from the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) with polyps that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy, showing endometrioid EC associated with the polyp or in the final pathological specimen. Patients underwent a surgical approach for endometrial cancer from January 2002 to January 2017. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records.
In78cases (75%), thepolyphad EC, and in 40(38.5%), itwas restricted tothe polyp, without endometrial involvement. The pathologic stage was IA in 96 cases (92.3%) and 90 (86.5%) had histologic grade 1 or 2. In 18 cases (17.3%), there was no residual disease in the final uterine specimen, but only in 9 of them the hysteroscopy suggested that the tumor was restricted to the polyp. In 5 cases (4.8%) from the group without outside of the polyp during hysteroscopy, myometrial invasion was noted in the final uterine specimen. This finding suggests the possibility of disease extrapolation through the base of the polyp.
Patients with endometrioid EC associated with polyps may have the tumor completely removed during hysteroscopy, but the variables shown in the present study could not safely predict which patient would have no residual disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2021;43(1):35-40
, , , , , , , To evaluate the presence of residual disease in the uterine specimen after hysteroscopic polypectomy or polyp biopsy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).
We analyzed a series of 104 patients (92 cases from the Hospital AC Camargo and 12 from the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) with polyps that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy, showing endometrioid EC associated with the polyp or in the final pathological specimen. Patients underwent a surgical approach for endometrial cancer from January 2002 to January 2017. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records.
In78cases (75%), thepolyphad EC, and in 40(38.5%), itwas restricted tothe polyp, without endometrial involvement. The pathologic stage was IA in 96 cases (92.3%) and 90 (86.5%) had histologic grade 1 or 2. In 18 cases (17.3%), there was no residual disease in the final uterine specimen, but only in 9 of them the hysteroscopy suggested that the tumor was restricted to the polyp. In 5 cases (4.8%) from the group without outside of the polyp during hysteroscopy, myometrial invasion was noted in the final uterine specimen. This finding suggests the possibility of disease extrapolation through the base of the polyp.
Patients with endometrioid EC associated with polyps may have the tumor completely removed during hysteroscopy, but the variables shown in the present study could not safely predict which patient would have no residual disease.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2016;38(10):506-511
To evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and uterine curettage in the diagnosis of endometrial polyp, submucous myoma and endometrial hyperplasia, using as gold standard the histopathological analysis of biopsy samples obtained during hysteroscopy or uterine curettage.
Cross-sectional study performed at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Data were obtained from the charts of patients submitted to hysteroscopy or uterine curettage in the period from July 2007 to July 2012.
One-hundred and ninety-one patients were evaluated, 134 of whom underwent hysteroscopy, and 57, uterine curettage. Hysteroscopy revealed a diagnostic accuracy higher than 90% for all the diseases evaluated, while transvaginal ultrasonography showed an accuracy of 65.9% for polyps, 78.1% for myoma and 63.2% for endometrial hyperplasia. Within the 57 patients submitted to uterine curettage, there was an accuracy of 56% for polyps and 54.6% for endometrial hyperplasia.
Ideally, after initial investigation with transvaginal ultrasonography, guided biopsy of the lesion should be performed by hysteroscopy, whenever necessary, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy and subsequent clinical management.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2016;38(10):506-511
To evaluate the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and uterine curettage in the diagnosis of endometrial polyp, submucous myoma and endometrial hyperplasia, using as gold standard the histopathological analysis of biopsy samples obtained during hysteroscopy or uterine curettage.
Cross-sectional study performed at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Data were obtained from the charts of patients submitted to hysteroscopy or uterine curettage in the period from July 2007 to July 2012.
One-hundred and ninety-one patients were evaluated, 134 of whom underwent hysteroscopy, and 57, uterine curettage. Hysteroscopy revealed a diagnostic accuracy higher than 90% for all the diseases evaluated, while transvaginal ultrasonography showed an accuracy of 65.9% for polyps, 78.1% for myoma and 63.2% for endometrial hyperplasia. Within the 57 patients submitted to uterine curettage, there was an accuracy of 56% for polyps and 54.6% for endometrial hyperplasia.
Ideally, after initial investigation with transvaginal ultrasonography, guided biopsy of the lesion should be performed by hysteroscopy, whenever necessary, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy and subsequent clinical management.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(10):619-625
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000001000004
Purpose: to compare the methods used to investigate the endouterine cavity by testing the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray hysterography and sonohysterography compared with hysteroscopy (gold standard). Methods: we carried out a prospective study with 18 patients who, due to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, unexplained postmenopausal uterine bleeding and ultrasound disturbance, were candidates for uterine cavity investigation by X-ray hysterography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. Results: sonohysterography sensitivity and specificity were 90 and 87.5%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 90 and 87.5%. For X-ray hysterography, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 70, 75, 77.7 and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: the use of saline instilation into the endometrial cavity in order to enhance the acuracy of the vaginal ultrasonography seems reliable as a mean to distinguish lesions in the uterine cavity, thereby facilitating the identification of candidates for diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy. X-ray hysterography produces results inferior to hysterosonography.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(10):619-625
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000001000004
Purpose: to compare the methods used to investigate the endouterine cavity by testing the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray hysterography and sonohysterography compared with hysteroscopy (gold standard). Methods: we carried out a prospective study with 18 patients who, due to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, unexplained postmenopausal uterine bleeding and ultrasound disturbance, were candidates for uterine cavity investigation by X-ray hysterography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy. Results: sonohysterography sensitivity and specificity were 90 and 87.5%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 90 and 87.5%. For X-ray hysterography, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 70, 75, 77.7 and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: the use of saline instilation into the endometrial cavity in order to enhance the acuracy of the vaginal ultrasonography seems reliable as a mean to distinguish lesions in the uterine cavity, thereby facilitating the identification of candidates for diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy. X-ray hysterography produces results inferior to hysterosonography.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):371-376
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600005
Purpose: to evaluate the results of the first 104 hysteroscopic polypectomies in a teaching hospital. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study was designed. Medical records of the first 136 operative hysteroscopies - 104 of which polypectomies - were reviewed. Patient characteristics such as age, parity, period of reproductive function and symptoms; number and size of polyps and results concerning complications and symptom relief were evaluated. Results: the average age of patients was 52.7 years. Three quarters of them were multiparous. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were menopaused. About half of the patients had symptoms related to polyps. Abnormal bleeding was the most frequent symptom (47.1%). In 16.3% of the patients more than 1 polyp were detected and 84% of the polyps were larger than 1 cm. The only immediate complication was a uterine perforation. Late complications were rare and mild. The follow-up period was 9 months on average. In 82% of teh patients the symptoms were controlled. Hysterectomy was necessary in 8.2% of the patients, all of them with other uterine diseases such as leiomyomas, adenomyosis and atypical endometrial hyperplasia in one patient). Conclusion: hysteroscopic polypectomy is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of endometrial polyps. Selection of patients must be rigorous to avoid further operative procedures.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(6):371-376
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000600005
Purpose: to evaluate the results of the first 104 hysteroscopic polypectomies in a teaching hospital. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study was designed. Medical records of the first 136 operative hysteroscopies - 104 of which polypectomies - were reviewed. Patient characteristics such as age, parity, period of reproductive function and symptoms; number and size of polyps and results concerning complications and symptom relief were evaluated. Results: the average age of patients was 52.7 years. Three quarters of them were multiparous. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were menopaused. About half of the patients had symptoms related to polyps. Abnormal bleeding was the most frequent symptom (47.1%). In 16.3% of the patients more than 1 polyp were detected and 84% of the polyps were larger than 1 cm. The only immediate complication was a uterine perforation. Late complications were rare and mild. The follow-up period was 9 months on average. In 82% of teh patients the symptoms were controlled. Hysterectomy was necessary in 8.2% of the patients, all of them with other uterine diseases such as leiomyomas, adenomyosis and atypical endometrial hyperplasia in one patient). Conclusion: hysteroscopic polypectomy is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of endometrial polyps. Selection of patients must be rigorous to avoid further operative procedures.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):541-545
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800007
Purpose: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography as a diagnostic method for the evaluation of the uterine cavity in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine cavity at conventional endovaginal sonography. Methods: this study consisted of the evaluation of 99 postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine cavity on conventional endovaginal sonography, that was defined as endometrial thickness equal to or larger than 5 mm in a postmenopausal patient not on hormone replacement therapy, or endometrial thickness equal to or larger than 8 mm in patients on hormone replacement therapy, with irregular bleeding. These patients were subjected to sonohysterography, and specimens were obtained for pathologic examination by biopsy guided by histeroscopy in 92 patients, endometrial biopsy in four patientes and hysterectomy in three patients. The results of sonohysterography were compared with the pathologic findings, considered "gold standard". Results: there were eight cases of normal uterine cavity and 20 cases of atrophic endometrium and sonohysterography had high levels of specificity (97.8 and 97.5%) and low sensitivity (35 and 25%). There were high levels of sensitivity (92.3 and 75.0%) and specificity (94.1 and 97.9%) for polyps (65 cases) and submucous myomas (four cases). There were three cases of endometrial carcinoma and the sonohysterography had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusions: sonohysterography showed to be accurate in the diagnostic of focal diseases (endometrial polyps and submucous myomas). There were three cases of endometrial cancer, and sonohysterography correctly diagnosed all of them. This method was also accurate to exclude endometrial abnormality. However, in the cases of diffusely thickened endometrium, the accuracy was low, because atrophic and normal endometrium on histopathology frequently appears as diffusely thickened endometrium at endovaginal sonography and sonohysterography. Sonohysterography did not lead to complications during and after the procedure.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(8):541-545
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000800007
Purpose: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography as a diagnostic method for the evaluation of the uterine cavity in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine cavity at conventional endovaginal sonography. Methods: this study consisted of the evaluation of 99 postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine cavity on conventional endovaginal sonography, that was defined as endometrial thickness equal to or larger than 5 mm in a postmenopausal patient not on hormone replacement therapy, or endometrial thickness equal to or larger than 8 mm in patients on hormone replacement therapy, with irregular bleeding. These patients were subjected to sonohysterography, and specimens were obtained for pathologic examination by biopsy guided by histeroscopy in 92 patients, endometrial biopsy in four patientes and hysterectomy in three patients. The results of sonohysterography were compared with the pathologic findings, considered "gold standard". Results: there were eight cases of normal uterine cavity and 20 cases of atrophic endometrium and sonohysterography had high levels of specificity (97.8 and 97.5%) and low sensitivity (35 and 25%). There were high levels of sensitivity (92.3 and 75.0%) and specificity (94.1 and 97.9%) for polyps (65 cases) and submucous myomas (four cases). There were three cases of endometrial carcinoma and the sonohysterography had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusions: sonohysterography showed to be accurate in the diagnostic of focal diseases (endometrial polyps and submucous myomas). There were three cases of endometrial cancer, and sonohysterography correctly diagnosed all of them. This method was also accurate to exclude endometrial abnormality. However, in the cases of diffusely thickened endometrium, the accuracy was low, because atrophic and normal endometrium on histopathology frequently appears as diffusely thickened endometrium at endovaginal sonography and sonohysterography. Sonohysterography did not lead to complications during and after the procedure.