Cyclophosphamide Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(2):161-168
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) contributes significantly to female infertility. Cyclophosphamide (CYC has adverse effects on folliculogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product rich in many growth factors. We evaluated the protective effect of PRP on in vitro fertilization in female rats with CYC-induced ovarian damage.
Twenty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control-sodium chloride 0.9%; 1 mL/kg, single-dose intraperitoneal [IP] injection); group 2 (CYC), 75mg/kg, single-dose IP injection and sodium chloride 0.9% (1mL/kg, single-dose IP injection); group 3 CYC plus PRP, CYC (75 mg/kg, single-dose and PRP (200 μl, single-dose) IP injection); and group 4 (PRP, 200 μl, singledose IP injection).
In the comparisons in terms of M1 and M2 oocytes, it was observed that the CYC group presented a significantly lower amount than the control, CYC/PRP, and PRP groups. (for M1, p=0.000, p=0.029, p=0.025; for M2, p=0.009, p=0.004, p=0.000, respectively). The number of fertilized oocytes and two-celled good quality embryos was found to be statistically significant between the CYC and control groups, CYC+PRP and PRP groups (p=0.009, p=0.001, p=0.000 for oocytes, respectively. For embryos; p=0.016, p=0.002, p=0.000).
Platelet-rich plasma can protect the ovarian function against damage caused by CYC, and, in addition, it improves oocyte count and the development of embryos as a result of oocyte stimulation during the IVF procedure.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2022;44(2):161-168
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) contributes significantly to female infertility. Cyclophosphamide (CYC has adverse effects on folliculogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product rich in many growth factors. We evaluated the protective effect of PRP on in vitro fertilization in female rats with CYC-induced ovarian damage.
Twenty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control-sodium chloride 0.9%; 1 mL/kg, single-dose intraperitoneal [IP] injection); group 2 (CYC), 75mg/kg, single-dose IP injection and sodium chloride 0.9% (1mL/kg, single-dose IP injection); group 3 CYC plus PRP, CYC (75 mg/kg, single-dose and PRP (200 μl, single-dose) IP injection); and group 4 (PRP, 200 μl, singledose IP injection).
In the comparisons in terms of M1 and M2 oocytes, it was observed that the CYC group presented a significantly lower amount than the control, CYC/PRP, and PRP groups. (for M1, p=0.000, p=0.029, p=0.025; for M2, p=0.009, p=0.004, p=0.000, respectively). The number of fertilized oocytes and two-celled good quality embryos was found to be statistically significant between the CYC and control groups, CYC+PRP and PRP groups (p=0.009, p=0.001, p=0.000 for oocytes, respectively. For embryos; p=0.016, p=0.002, p=0.000).
Platelet-rich plasma can protect the ovarian function against damage caused by CYC, and, in addition, it improves oocyte count and the development of embryos as a result of oocyte stimulation during the IVF procedure.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2015;37(6):272-277
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320150005301
To evaluate the ovarian response after cyclophosphamide use (CPM) in patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to correlate the age and cumulative
dose findings with changes in menstrual cycle and/or progression to ovarian
failure (OF).
This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of 50 patients with a diagnosis
of SLE who used CFM with a clinical follow-up of at least 1 year. Included were
patients aged 12-40 years, who had undergone chemotherapy for SLE control and who
had regular menstrual cycles before the beginning of CPM treatment. Patients who
discontinued follow-up, who were followed up for less than one year or who had
irregular/absent menses before the beginning of CPM treatment were excluded. All
women studied were submitted to an interview and a questionnaire containing
questions about the pattern of the menstrual cycle before and after therapy, and
about the gestational periods and contraception. We asked if the patients had been
instructed about the side effects and consequences of CFM. Statistical analysis
was performed using the Student t-test and the Mann Whitney, χ2 and
nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.
The mean age of the patients included in the study was 30.8 years and the mean
age at the time of use of CPM was 25.3 years. After CFM, 24% of patients stopped
menstruating, 28% returned to regular cycles and 48% continued to have irregular
cycles. It was found that the patients who developed OF had longer disease
duration (12.3 years) than those who did not develop it (8.9 years). Thirteen
patients became spontaneously pregnant after CFM; however, 66% progressed to
abortion. The mean age of the patients who used CFM and developed OF was 28.1
years. Amenorrhea occurred in 50% of those aged 31-40 years, in 22.2% of those
aged 21-30 years and in 7.7% of those aged 12-20 years. Our study showed no
statistical correlation between cumulative dose and OF, although cumulative doses
greater than 11grams tended to promote some type of menstrual irregularity.
SLE disease duration, age at the time of treatment and the highest cumulative
doses are important predictors of OF after therapy with CFM. Pregnancy in lupus
patients is more likely to evolve with abortion after the use of chemotherapy. It
was seen that a small proportion of patients were aware of all the implications of
the drug. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted for further knowledge
and awareness of the importance of contraception and the preservation of ovarian
tissue on the part of the medical community.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2015;37(6):272-277
DOI 10.1590/SO100-720320150005301
To evaluate the ovarian response after cyclophosphamide use (CPM) in patients
with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to correlate the age and cumulative
dose findings with changes in menstrual cycle and/or progression to ovarian
failure (OF).
This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of 50 patients with a diagnosis
of SLE who used CFM with a clinical follow-up of at least 1 year. Included were
patients aged 12-40 years, who had undergone chemotherapy for SLE control and who
had regular menstrual cycles before the beginning of CPM treatment. Patients who
discontinued follow-up, who were followed up for less than one year or who had
irregular/absent menses before the beginning of CPM treatment were excluded. All
women studied were submitted to an interview and a questionnaire containing
questions about the pattern of the menstrual cycle before and after therapy, and
about the gestational periods and contraception. We asked if the patients had been
instructed about the side effects and consequences of CFM. Statistical analysis
was performed using the Student t-test and the Mann Whitney, χ2 and
nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.
The mean age of the patients included in the study was 30.8 years and the mean
age at the time of use of CPM was 25.3 years. After CFM, 24% of patients stopped
menstruating, 28% returned to regular cycles and 48% continued to have irregular
cycles. It was found that the patients who developed OF had longer disease
duration (12.3 years) than those who did not develop it (8.9 years). Thirteen
patients became spontaneously pregnant after CFM; however, 66% progressed to
abortion. The mean age of the patients who used CFM and developed OF was 28.1
years. Amenorrhea occurred in 50% of those aged 31-40 years, in 22.2% of those
aged 21-30 years and in 7.7% of those aged 12-20 years. Our study showed no
statistical correlation between cumulative dose and OF, although cumulative doses
greater than 11grams tended to promote some type of menstrual irregularity.
SLE disease duration, age at the time of treatment and the highest cumulative
doses are important predictors of OF after therapy with CFM. Pregnancy in lupus
patients is more likely to evolve with abortion after the use of chemotherapy. It
was seen that a small proportion of patients were aware of all the implications of
the drug. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted for further knowledge
and awareness of the importance of contraception and the preservation of ovarian
tissue on the part of the medical community.
