Cross infection Archives - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(12):586-591
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001200002
PURPOSE: to identify the microbial charge present in reusable trocars used in gynecological laparoscopies. METHODS: a descriptive exploratory study. An amount of 57 trocars, 30 with 10 mm of diameter and 27 with 5 mm, have been collected from the surgical unit, immediately after the surgery and placed in a sterilized recipient, in which 250 mL of sterile distilled water was added. Then, the trocars were agitated for the drainage of particles and to obtain a wash-out fluid to be analyzed. After being filtered through 0.22 µm cellulose membrane, the residue was placed on blood agar plates with a sterilized forceps. Following incubation, microbiological analysis has been done to count the number of colonies and further identify the microorganisms, using standard laboratorial techniques. RESULTS: microbial charge was recovered from 47.4% of the trocars analyzed. Among those, 45.6% presented 1 to 100 growing colonies. Fourteen types of microorganisms have been identified, among which the more frequently isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28%) and Bacillus sp (21%), Aeromonas hydrophila, Alcaligenes sp, Candida parapsilosis, and enterobacteries were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: the study has demonstrated that the microbial challenge faced by the technician responsible for the cleaning and sterilization of trocars is low, as compared to the challenge imposed by biological markers. Nevertheless, it may be not inferred that the risks for infectious complications for patients are minimal.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(12):586-591
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001200002
PURPOSE: to identify the microbial charge present in reusable trocars used in gynecological laparoscopies. METHODS: a descriptive exploratory study. An amount of 57 trocars, 30 with 10 mm of diameter and 27 with 5 mm, have been collected from the surgical unit, immediately after the surgery and placed in a sterilized recipient, in which 250 mL of sterile distilled water was added. Then, the trocars were agitated for the drainage of particles and to obtain a wash-out fluid to be analyzed. After being filtered through 0.22 µm cellulose membrane, the residue was placed on blood agar plates with a sterilized forceps. Following incubation, microbiological analysis has been done to count the number of colonies and further identify the microorganisms, using standard laboratorial techniques. RESULTS: microbial charge was recovered from 47.4% of the trocars analyzed. Among those, 45.6% presented 1 to 100 growing colonies. Fourteen types of microorganisms have been identified, among which the more frequently isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28%) and Bacillus sp (21%), Aeromonas hydrophila, Alcaligenes sp, Candida parapsilosis, and enterobacteries were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: the study has demonstrated that the microbial challenge faced by the technician responsible for the cleaning and sterilization of trocars is low, as compared to the challenge imposed by biological markers. Nevertheless, it may be not inferred that the risks for infectious complications for patients are minimal.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(11):529-533
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001100001
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are opportunistic microorganisms and widely distributed into aqueous environment and soil. Human RGM infections are usually associated with contaminated solutions or medical instruments used during invasive procedures. RGM postsurgical infections have recently emerged in Brazil and have caused national alert, considering the risk factors and epidemiological aspects. This study aimed at analysing the main factors linked to the recent RGM outbreaks, with focus on the national epidemic of Mycobacterium massiliense infections related to the BRA100 strains resistant to 2% glutaraldehyde commercial solutions commonly used for preoperative high-level disinfection. Based on previous studies and laboratorial results of assays and colaborations, it has been observed that the cases have been associated with videolaparoscopy for different applications and elective esthetic procedures, such as lipoaspiration and mammary prosthesis implant. Furthermore, outbreaks between 2004 and 2008 and the epidemic in Rio de Janeiro state may be considered particular Brazilian events. Although there are a few epidemiological published studies, some hypotheses based on common aspects related to most national nosocomial occurrences are possible, such as lack of protocols for cleaning and high-level disinfection, use of 2% glutaraldehyde as high-level disinfectant for surgical instruments, and dissemination of M. massiliense BRA100 by unknown mechanisms.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2009;31(11):529-533
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032009001100001
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are opportunistic microorganisms and widely distributed into aqueous environment and soil. Human RGM infections are usually associated with contaminated solutions or medical instruments used during invasive procedures. RGM postsurgical infections have recently emerged in Brazil and have caused national alert, considering the risk factors and epidemiological aspects. This study aimed at analysing the main factors linked to the recent RGM outbreaks, with focus on the national epidemic of Mycobacterium massiliense infections related to the BRA100 strains resistant to 2% glutaraldehyde commercial solutions commonly used for preoperative high-level disinfection. Based on previous studies and laboratorial results of assays and colaborations, it has been observed that the cases have been associated with videolaparoscopy for different applications and elective esthetic procedures, such as lipoaspiration and mammary prosthesis implant. Furthermore, outbreaks between 2004 and 2008 and the epidemic in Rio de Janeiro state may be considered particular Brazilian events. Although there are a few epidemiological published studies, some hypotheses based on common aspects related to most national nosocomial occurrences are possible, such as lack of protocols for cleaning and high-level disinfection, use of 2% glutaraldehyde as high-level disinfectant for surgical instruments, and dissemination of M. massiliense BRA100 by unknown mechanisms.