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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):43-50
, , , , , , , , , , The present article aims to evaluate the impact of testosterone treatment on the expansion of visceral, subcutaneous and intramedullary adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats and the visceral and subcutaneous fat expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gamma.
In total 48 female Wistar rats were castrated and randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: group E2 was submitted to estradiol 5 μg/day; group T, to testosterone 5 μg/day; group E2+ T, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 5 μg/day; group TT, to testosterone 30 μg/day; group E2+ TT, to estradiol 5 μg/day+ testosterone 30 μg/day; and placebo was administered to group P. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized, the inguinal and visceral adipose tissues were harvested, weighted, and had their PPAR gamma expression evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). The right femurs were harvested and histologically prepared to performthe number count of the intramedullary adipocytes.
The expansion of visceral fat tissue was much higher in the TT group when compared with other treated groups (p < 0.001). The TT group also showed a higher expansion of inguinal fat (p < 0.01), and groups E2 +T and E2+ TT presented lower growth compared to the P group (p < 0.01). The number of femur intramedullary adipocytes only showed significant differences between groups TT and E2 + TT (p < 0.05). The expression of PPAR gamma showed no differences among the groups.
The use of testosterone in high doses leads to an important expansion in both visceral and inguinal adipose tissues. Association with estradiol exerts an expansion-repressive effect on the visceral and inguinal adipose tissues.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2020;42(1):43-50
, , , , , , , , , , The present article aims to evaluate the impact of testosterone treatment on the expansion of visceral, subcutaneous and intramedullary adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats and the visceral and subcutaneous fat expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gamma.
In total 48 female Wistar rats were castrated and randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: group E2 was submitted to estradiol 5 μg/day; group T, to testosterone 5 μg/day; group E2+ T, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 5 μg/day; group TT, to testosterone 30 μg/day; group E2+ TT, to estradiol 5 μg/day+ testosterone 30 μg/day; and placebo was administered to group P. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized, the inguinal and visceral adipose tissues were harvested, weighted, and had their PPAR gamma expression evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). The right femurs were harvested and histologically prepared to performthe number count of the intramedullary adipocytes.
The expansion of visceral fat tissue was much higher in the TT group when compared with other treated groups (p < 0.001). The TT group also showed a higher expansion of inguinal fat (p < 0.01), and groups E2 +T and E2+ TT presented lower growth compared to the P group (p < 0.01). The number of femur intramedullary adipocytes only showed significant differences between groups TT and E2 + TT (p < 0.05). The expression of PPAR gamma showed no differences among the groups.
The use of testosterone in high doses leads to an important expansion in both visceral and inguinal adipose tissues. Association with estradiol exerts an expansion-repressive effect on the visceral and inguinal adipose tissues.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(7):430-432
Mirror syndrome is an unusual pathological condition in which maternal edema in pregnancy is seen in association with severe fetal and/or placental hydrops. The disease can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, and may be confused with preeclampsia, even though distinguishing features can be identified. We report a rare case of mirror syndrome with maternal pulmonary edema associated with fetal hydrops due to Patau syndrome.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2018;40(7):430-432
Mirror syndrome is an unusual pathological condition in which maternal edema in pregnancy is seen in association with severe fetal and/or placental hydrops. The disease can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, and may be confused with preeclampsia, even though distinguishing features can be identified. We report a rare case of mirror syndrome with maternal pulmonary edema associated with fetal hydrops due to Patau syndrome.
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(7):431-438
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000700004
Purpose: to evaluate the association between the presence of diastolic notch in the maternal uterine arteries, and the histopathological changes of the uteroplacental vessels. Methods: transversal study of 144 women with single pregnancy interrupted by cesarean section between 27 and 41 weeks. In this sample, 84 had pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and the other 60 were normal. In this group, Doppler study of both uterine arteries and placental bed biopsy was performed. Results: of the total of 144 patients, 88 patients (61%) had a biopsy fragment that was considered representative of the placental bed. The diastolic notch was present in 40 patients (70%) of the total of cases with inadequate physiologic alterations and absent in 28 patients (90%) of the total of cases with physiologic alterations (p=0.0000). The Doppler study showed 70% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 44% positive predictive value and 97% negative predictive value. The association between bilateral diastolic notch of uterine arteries and acute atherosis in the placental bed was also significant (24 out of 25 cases -- p=0.000). The Doppler study showed 96% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 26% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value, while for arteriolosclerosis its results were 80% sensitivity, 55% specificity, 17% positive predictive value and 96% negative predictive value. Conclusions: the diastolic notch in the maternal uterine is a safe indicator of pathological vessel alteration in the placental bed. The adequate trophoblast migration into the myometrium, revealed by physiologic changes, results in the absence of bilateral diastolic notch of the maternal uterine arteries.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(7):431-438
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000700004
Purpose: to evaluate the association between the presence of diastolic notch in the maternal uterine arteries, and the histopathological changes of the uteroplacental vessels. Methods: transversal study of 144 women with single pregnancy interrupted by cesarean section between 27 and 41 weeks. In this sample, 84 had pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and the other 60 were normal. In this group, Doppler study of both uterine arteries and placental bed biopsy was performed. Results: of the total of 144 patients, 88 patients (61%) had a biopsy fragment that was considered representative of the placental bed. The diastolic notch was present in 40 patients (70%) of the total of cases with inadequate physiologic alterations and absent in 28 patients (90%) of the total of cases with physiologic alterations (p=0.0000). The Doppler study showed 70% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 44% positive predictive value and 97% negative predictive value. The association between bilateral diastolic notch of uterine arteries and acute atherosis in the placental bed was also significant (24 out of 25 cases -- p=0.000). The Doppler study showed 96% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 26% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value, while for arteriolosclerosis its results were 80% sensitivity, 55% specificity, 17% positive predictive value and 96% negative predictive value. Conclusions: the diastolic notch in the maternal uterine is a safe indicator of pathological vessel alteration in the placental bed. The adequate trophoblast migration into the myometrium, revealed by physiologic changes, results in the absence of bilateral diastolic notch of the maternal uterine arteries.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(8):431-437
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000800002
Purpose: to evaluate risk factors and papillomavirus (HPV) associated lesions in male partners of women with genital intraepithelial neoplasia. Patients and Methods: three hundred and thirty-seven men were evaluated by urethral cytology, peniscopy, and biopsy, if necessary. We analyzed the results and the relations to age, educational level, smoking, contact time with the present partner, age at first intercourse, number of partners, previous sexually transmitted diseases (STD), circumcision, peniscopic findings, and female lesion grade. Results: peniscopy was positive in 144 (42,7%) and HPV infection was diagnosed in 105 (31,2%). Smoking, contact time with the present partner up to 6 months, and more than one previous sexual partner were associated with HPV lesions (p<0,05). The urethral cytology was suspect in 4,2% and smoking, positive peniscopy or biopsy and partners of women with high-grade lesion (p<0,05) were associated with the diagnosis. 72.1% of 229 biopsies were positive, independently of the peniscopic findings and women's lesion grade. Conclusions: HPV infection was diagnosed in 31.2% and was associated with smoking, contact time with the present partner up to 6 months and more than one previous sexual partner, but not with the female lesion grade, educationa level, previous STD, circumcision and peniscopic findings.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(8):431-437
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000800002
Purpose: to evaluate risk factors and papillomavirus (HPV) associated lesions in male partners of women with genital intraepithelial neoplasia. Patients and Methods: three hundred and thirty-seven men were evaluated by urethral cytology, peniscopy, and biopsy, if necessary. We analyzed the results and the relations to age, educational level, smoking, contact time with the present partner, age at first intercourse, number of partners, previous sexually transmitted diseases (STD), circumcision, peniscopic findings, and female lesion grade. Results: peniscopy was positive in 144 (42,7%) and HPV infection was diagnosed in 105 (31,2%). Smoking, contact time with the present partner up to 6 months, and more than one previous sexual partner were associated with HPV lesions (p<0,05). The urethral cytology was suspect in 4,2% and smoking, positive peniscopy or biopsy and partners of women with high-grade lesion (p<0,05) were associated with the diagnosis. 72.1% of 229 biopsies were positive, independently of the peniscopic findings and women's lesion grade. Conclusions: HPV infection was diagnosed in 31.2% and was associated with smoking, contact time with the present partner up to 6 months and more than one previous sexual partner, but not with the female lesion grade, educationa level, previous STD, circumcision and peniscopic findings.
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(7):431-431
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(7):431-431
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(7):431-431
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(7):431-431
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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(6):431-436
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000600008
PURPOSE: to analyze maternal death cases that occurred at the "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre", a reference university hospital for high-risk pregnancies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: we carried out a retrospective study of medical records of 10- to 49-year-old women who died at the hospital between 1980 and 1999. Deaths related to pregnancy and puerperium were analyzed independently of the kind and duration of pregnancy. The causes were classified into direct obstetric, indirect obstetric and nonobstetric, according to their association with pregnancy, delivery and puerperium disorders. RESULTS: a total of 81 patients with a mean age of 28.5 years were studied. The maternal mortality rate was 109 per 100,000 live births. Direct obstetric causes made up 61.7% of deaths. Indirect causes made up 23.5% of deaths. Nonobstetric causes made up 15.0% of the total. Among direct obstetric causes, arterial hypertension (18.5%), post-cesarean infection (16%), and septic abortion (12.3%) were the most prevalent. The main maternal mortality events among indirect obstetric causes were cardiopathy (8.6%), acute fatty liver disease (3.5%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (2.5%). Among the nonobstetric causes, malignant neoplasia (7.4%) and AIDS (3.7%) were the most important. CONCLUSIONS: the prevailing causes of maternal death have not changed in the last two decades. The main cause is still hypertension. There is an expressive number of deaths related to cesarean section and infections. The high prevalence of direct obstetric causes shows the low maternal mortality prevention capacity of our health care system.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(6):431-436
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000600008
PURPOSE: to analyze maternal death cases that occurred at the "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre", a reference university hospital for high-risk pregnancies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: we carried out a retrospective study of medical records of 10- to 49-year-old women who died at the hospital between 1980 and 1999. Deaths related to pregnancy and puerperium were analyzed independently of the kind and duration of pregnancy. The causes were classified into direct obstetric, indirect obstetric and nonobstetric, according to their association with pregnancy, delivery and puerperium disorders. RESULTS: a total of 81 patients with a mean age of 28.5 years were studied. The maternal mortality rate was 109 per 100,000 live births. Direct obstetric causes made up 61.7% of deaths. Indirect causes made up 23.5% of deaths. Nonobstetric causes made up 15.0% of the total. Among direct obstetric causes, arterial hypertension (18.5%), post-cesarean infection (16%), and septic abortion (12.3%) were the most prevalent. The main maternal mortality events among indirect obstetric causes were cardiopathy (8.6%), acute fatty liver disease (3.5%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (2.5%). Among the nonobstetric causes, malignant neoplasia (7.4%) and AIDS (3.7%) were the most important. CONCLUSIONS: the prevailing causes of maternal death have not changed in the last two decades. The main cause is still hypertension. There is an expressive number of deaths related to cesarean section and infections. The high prevalence of direct obstetric causes shows the low maternal mortality prevention capacity of our health care system.