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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(8):357-361
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000800003
PURPOSE: To compare the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk factors associated with this syndrome in women from the Brazilian Southeast with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) evaluated during adolescence and adult age. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 147 patients with a diagnosis of POS who were divided into two groups: Adolescents, 42 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years, and Adults, 105 women aged 20 to 40 years. The following factors were evaluated: clinical characteristics (body mass index - BMI, Ferriman index, abdominal circumference - AC, and systemic arterial pressure), mean ovarian volume, laboratory variables (serum androgen profile, lipid profile, glycemia, and fasting insulin), and frequency of MetS. The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation. We used multiple logistic regression with the response variable being the presence of MetS and the predictor variables the levels of total testosterone, insulin and BMI. RESULTS: The frequency of MetS was approximately twice higher in the group of adult women compared to the adolescents with POS (Adolescents: 23.8 vs. Adults: 42.9%, p=0.04). Among the defining criteria of MetS, only the qualitative variable of systemic arterial pressure ≥130/85 mmHg was more frequent among the adult women (p=0,01). The BMI was an independent predictor of MetS among the adolescent (p=0.03) and adult women (p<0.01) with POS. Serum insulin level was a predictor of MetS only among adult women with POS (p<0.01). AC was greater among adult women (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Adult women with POS have a twice higher frequency of MetS than adolescents with POS from the Brazilian Southeast. Although the BMI is associated with the development of MetS in any phase of life in women with POS, serum insulin level was an independent predictor of MetS only among adult women with this disorder.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(8):357-361
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000800003
PURPOSE: To compare the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk factors associated with this syndrome in women from the Brazilian Southeast with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) evaluated during adolescence and adult age. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 147 patients with a diagnosis of POS who were divided into two groups: Adolescents, 42 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years, and Adults, 105 women aged 20 to 40 years. The following factors were evaluated: clinical characteristics (body mass index - BMI, Ferriman index, abdominal circumference - AC, and systemic arterial pressure), mean ovarian volume, laboratory variables (serum androgen profile, lipid profile, glycemia, and fasting insulin), and frequency of MetS. The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation. We used multiple logistic regression with the response variable being the presence of MetS and the predictor variables the levels of total testosterone, insulin and BMI. RESULTS: The frequency of MetS was approximately twice higher in the group of adult women compared to the adolescents with POS (Adolescents: 23.8 vs. Adults: 42.9%, p=0.04). Among the defining criteria of MetS, only the qualitative variable of systemic arterial pressure ≥130/85 mmHg was more frequent among the adult women (p=0,01). The BMI was an independent predictor of MetS among the adolescent (p=0.03) and adult women (p<0.01) with POS. Serum insulin level was a predictor of MetS only among adult women with POS (p<0.01). AC was greater among adult women (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Adult women with POS have a twice higher frequency of MetS than adolescents with POS from the Brazilian Southeast. Although the BMI is associated with the development of MetS in any phase of life in women with POS, serum insulin level was an independent predictor of MetS only among adult women with this disorder.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(1):4-10
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000100002
PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria in women with polycystic ovary syndrome from the Brazilian Southeast, who were stratified according to body mass index and compared to ovulatory controls. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 332 women of reproductive age, who were divided into two groups: Control, consisting of 186 women with regular menstrual cycles and ovulatory symptoms and without a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or other type of chronic anovulation, and the Polycystic ovary syndrome,Group, consisting of 146 women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (Rotterdam Consensus ASRM/ESHRE). Each group was stratified according to the body mass index, as follows: body mass index ( < 25 ≥25 and <30, and ≥ 30 kg/m²). The frequencies of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria and the clinical and hormonal characteristics (follicle stimulating hormone, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate) were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of metabolic syndrome was six times higher in the obese Polycystic ovary syndrome Group than among control women with the same body mass index (Control with 10.5 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 67.9%, p<0.01); twice higher in the Polycystic ovary syndrome Group with body mass index ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m² (Control with 13.2 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 22.7%, p<0.01), and three times higher in the Polycystic ovary syndrome Group with body mass index <25 kg/m² (Control with 7.9 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 2.5%, p<0.01), compared to control women paired for the same body mass index. Regardless of the body mass index, women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a higher frequency of all the criteria defining metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher frequency of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria regardless of the body mass index. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism are important characteristics of the origin of these alterations, especially in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(1):4-10
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000100002
PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria in women with polycystic ovary syndrome from the Brazilian Southeast, who were stratified according to body mass index and compared to ovulatory controls. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 332 women of reproductive age, who were divided into two groups: Control, consisting of 186 women with regular menstrual cycles and ovulatory symptoms and without a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or other type of chronic anovulation, and the Polycystic ovary syndrome,Group, consisting of 146 women with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (Rotterdam Consensus ASRM/ESHRE). Each group was stratified according to the body mass index, as follows: body mass index ( < 25 ≥25 and <30, and ≥ 30 kg/m²). The frequencies of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria and the clinical and hormonal characteristics (follicle stimulating hormone, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate) were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of metabolic syndrome was six times higher in the obese Polycystic ovary syndrome Group than among control women with the same body mass index (Control with 10.5 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 67.9%, p<0.01); twice higher in the Polycystic ovary syndrome Group with body mass index ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m² (Control with 13.2 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 22.7%, p<0.01), and three times higher in the Polycystic ovary syndrome Group with body mass index <25 kg/m² (Control with 7.9 versus Polycystic ovary syndrome with 2.5%, p<0.01), compared to control women paired for the same body mass index. Regardless of the body mass index, women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a higher frequency of all the criteria defining metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher frequency of metabolic syndrome and of its defining criteria regardless of the body mass index. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism are important characteristics of the origin of these alterations, especially in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(9):470-479
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000900008
Adequate postpartum contraception is recommended in order to prevent mother and infant morbidity. The mother-infant benefits of lactation are well recognized, and exclusive, regular and frequent breastfeeding is an effective contraceptive method for amenorrheic patients. However, the resumption of fertility varies among women and access to health services is not guaranteed in many regions of the world. We searched the articles in Medline (PubMed) related to the subject published between 1971 to April 2008 and selected the most relevant articles in the literature about postpartum contraception. Short interpregnancy intervals increase maternal and fetal complications and therefore effective postpartum contraception is imperative. The ideal method prescribed should be effective and safe, id est, should not interfere with lactation or alter the hemostatic system. During the postpartum period, ideally non-hormonal methods should be used because they do not alter lactation or hemostasis. However, in populations with difficult access to health or with an early start of calorie supplementation to the newborn, the option should be for progestogens-only contraceptives, ideally initiated after six weeks or earlier in special situations.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2008;30(9):470-479
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032008000900008
Adequate postpartum contraception is recommended in order to prevent mother and infant morbidity. The mother-infant benefits of lactation are well recognized, and exclusive, regular and frequent breastfeeding is an effective contraceptive method for amenorrheic patients. However, the resumption of fertility varies among women and access to health services is not guaranteed in many regions of the world. We searched the articles in Medline (PubMed) related to the subject published between 1971 to April 2008 and selected the most relevant articles in the literature about postpartum contraception. Short interpregnancy intervals increase maternal and fetal complications and therefore effective postpartum contraception is imperative. The ideal method prescribed should be effective and safe, id est, should not interfere with lactation or alter the hemostatic system. During the postpartum period, ideally non-hormonal methods should be used because they do not alter lactation or hemostasis. However, in populations with difficult access to health or with an early start of calorie supplementation to the newborn, the option should be for progestogens-only contraceptives, ideally initiated after six weeks or earlier in special situations.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(10):538-547
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001000008
Exogenous female hormones used for contraception or postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy are associated with an increase of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, mainly because they cause a hypercoagulable state. The risk is highest during the first year of use and it is not cumulative. The dose of estrogen, the type of estrogen and progestogen, the route of administration of female sex steroid hormones, and the hereditary risk factors for VTE of each patient can interfere on the final risk for VTE. The knowledge of their effect on hemostasis is essential for a correct prescription.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2007;29(10):538-547
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032007001000008
Exogenous female hormones used for contraception or postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy are associated with an increase of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, mainly because they cause a hypercoagulable state. The risk is highest during the first year of use and it is not cumulative. The dose of estrogen, the type of estrogen and progestogen, the route of administration of female sex steroid hormones, and the hereditary risk factors for VTE of each patient can interfere on the final risk for VTE. The knowledge of their effect on hemostasis is essential for a correct prescription.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(7):585-585
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(7):585-585
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(12):692-696
To evaluate the effects of nutritional counseling on the dietary habits and anthropometric parameters of overweight and obese adolescentswith polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
This was a prospective, longitudinal and auto-controlled study. Thirty adolescents aged 13-19 years-old, diagnosed with PCOS received nutritional counseling and were followed-up for 6 months. After the follow-up period, the results were evaluated through body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
Sixty-percent of the adolescents adhered to the nutritional counseling and, of these, 50% lost weight. Adolescents who lost weight changed their dietary habits by adopting hypocaloric diets and eating more meals per day, as per nutritional counseling. The waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly, although the body weight decreased non-significantly after adoption of a hypocaloric diet.
Although there was no significant weight loss, there was a considerable reduction in theWCassociated with hypocaloric diets and with eating a greater number of meals per day.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2017;39(12):692-696
To evaluate the effects of nutritional counseling on the dietary habits and anthropometric parameters of overweight and obese adolescentswith polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
This was a prospective, longitudinal and auto-controlled study. Thirty adolescents aged 13-19 years-old, diagnosed with PCOS received nutritional counseling and were followed-up for 6 months. After the follow-up period, the results were evaluated through body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
Sixty-percent of the adolescents adhered to the nutritional counseling and, of these, 50% lost weight. Adolescents who lost weight changed their dietary habits by adopting hypocaloric diets and eating more meals per day, as per nutritional counseling. The waist circumference (WC) decreased significantly, although the body weight decreased non-significantly after adoption of a hypocaloric diet.
Although there was no significant weight loss, there was a considerable reduction in theWCassociated with hypocaloric diets and with eating a greater number of meals per day.