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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):209-213
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400006
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple method and free from complications, among great value in mastology. Its accuracy can suffer the influence of several factors, among which we can highlight the experience of the physician who performs it. With the objective of verifying the effectiveness of FNAC performed by general gynecologists, 341 patients were studied concerning the relationship between the results of FNAC and the histology of the breast lesion. We obtained sensitivity of 70.87%, specificity of 70.58%, predictive positive value of 92.40%, predictive negative value of 89.36% and accuracy of 70.67%. We concluded that FNAC is of great value in handling breast lesions and can be appropriately performed by general gynecologists. The method, however, may lead to errors of diagnosis. We do not recommend, therefore, the use of the result of FNAC as a definitive diagnosis; instead this result must be interpreted in the context of the clinical diagnosis and mammography.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):209-213
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400006
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple method and free from complications, among great value in mastology. Its accuracy can suffer the influence of several factors, among which we can highlight the experience of the physician who performs it. With the objective of verifying the effectiveness of FNAC performed by general gynecologists, 341 patients were studied concerning the relationship between the results of FNAC and the histology of the breast lesion. We obtained sensitivity of 70.87%, specificity of 70.58%, predictive positive value of 92.40%, predictive negative value of 89.36% and accuracy of 70.67%. We concluded that FNAC is of great value in handling breast lesions and can be appropriately performed by general gynecologists. The method, however, may lead to errors of diagnosis. We do not recommend, therefore, the use of the result of FNAC as a definitive diagnosis; instead this result must be interpreted in the context of the clinical diagnosis and mammography.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(10):571-576
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998001000005
Purpose: to evaluate the advantages of the laparoscopic approach for conversion of abdominal hysterectomies in vaginal hysterectomies in patients with indication of concomitant adnexectomy, being considered the safety and the additional costs of the procedure. Patients and Methods: cases: 9 patients submitted to Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) associated with adnexectomy. Controls:18 patients submitted to Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) associated with adnexectomy. Both groups were compared regarding preoperative characteristics and the results of the procedure. The patients submitted to LAVH and AH are similar concerning age, parity, cesarean deliveries, previous surgeries and body mass index. Results: the average surgery time was 163.9 minutes for patients submitted to LAVH and 142.8 minutes for patients submitted to AH. No patient in the LAVH group presented postoperative complications, while in the AH group 2 patients presented suture deiscence and there was 1 case of incisional hernia. The median of hospital stay was 1 day in the LAVH group and 2 days in the AH group, those of convalescence periods were 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. 55.6% of the patients in the LAVH group and 100% in the AH group needed analgesics in the postoperative period. Conclusions: LAVH was shown to be advantageous in relation to AH in terms of better recovery and lower incidence of complications in the postoperative period. The procedure is feasible and safe in a University Hospital, and without additional costs.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(1):47-54
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000100008
Purpose: to evaluate clinical and ultrasonic findings in patients with pelvic tumors at postmenopause and to correlate them with the final diagnosis. Patients and Methods: thirty-six postmenopausal women with pelvic tumor diagnosis were prospectively evaluated through clinical examination and endovaginal ultrasonography. Clinical follow-up with no surgical procedures was indicated for anechoic cystic tumors with or without thin unique septation and volume under 50 cm³. Needle aspiration was indicated for tumors with the same aspect, and volume of 50 to 100 cm³, whereas exploratory laparotomy was performed in the remaining patients. Diagnosis defined two groups of patients: benign (28) and malignant (8) pathologies. Results: anechoic cystic tumor with or without a thin septum indicates benignity (p = 0.0091). Tumors with solid areas indicate malignancy (p = 0.0024). Ascites correlates with malignancy (p = 0.0278). Heterogeneity, thick capsule, thick septa, and papillary projections predominated in malignancies but without no statistical significance (p > 0,05). Tumor volume indicates malignancy, with a median of 85.2 cm³ in benign tumors and 452.5 cm³ in malignancies (p = 0.0048), with a cutoff at 295 cm³ (sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 85.2%). Following this protocol, all malignancies were submitted to surgery and 11 benign tumor patients were treated with a conservative protocol (39.3% of all benign patients). Conclusion: conservative management is an adequate protocol for women with anechoic pelvic tumors with low volume, with or without single thin septum and without ascites. Differentiation between benign and malignant of complex and/or high volume tumors requires complementary investigation.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(1):47-54
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000100008
Purpose: to evaluate clinical and ultrasonic findings in patients with pelvic tumors at postmenopause and to correlate them with the final diagnosis. Patients and Methods: thirty-six postmenopausal women with pelvic tumor diagnosis were prospectively evaluated through clinical examination and endovaginal ultrasonography. Clinical follow-up with no surgical procedures was indicated for anechoic cystic tumors with or without thin unique septation and volume under 50 cm³. Needle aspiration was indicated for tumors with the same aspect, and volume of 50 to 100 cm³, whereas exploratory laparotomy was performed in the remaining patients. Diagnosis defined two groups of patients: benign (28) and malignant (8) pathologies. Results: anechoic cystic tumor with or without a thin septum indicates benignity (p = 0.0091). Tumors with solid areas indicate malignancy (p = 0.0024). Ascites correlates with malignancy (p = 0.0278). Heterogeneity, thick capsule, thick septa, and papillary projections predominated in malignancies but without no statistical significance (p > 0,05). Tumor volume indicates malignancy, with a median of 85.2 cm³ in benign tumors and 452.5 cm³ in malignancies (p = 0.0048), with a cutoff at 295 cm³ (sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 85.2%). Following this protocol, all malignancies were submitted to surgery and 11 benign tumor patients were treated with a conservative protocol (39.3% of all benign patients). Conclusion: conservative management is an adequate protocol for women with anechoic pelvic tumors with low volume, with or without single thin septum and without ascites. Differentiation between benign and malignant of complex and/or high volume tumors requires complementary investigation.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(7):415-418
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000700008
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(7):415-418
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000700008
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):549-552
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900008
Purpose: to evaluate the correlation between clinical and surgical staging of patients with vulvar carcinoma, according to the "Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia" (FIGO 95). Methods: the authors studied 66 consecutive cases of vulvar carcinoma from 1977 to 1997. All patients were clinically staged to verify size and localization of the lesion as well as inguinal lymph node involvement and invasion of other organs. Forty-four patients were submitted to surgical treatment and 34 could be staged according to FIGO 95. Results: among the 34 patients staged through surgery, 17 (50%) showed agreement between clinical and surgical staging. Thus, in 17 patients the staging was different and in these the surgical staging was higher than the clinical in 13 cases and lower in 4 cases. We found in the clinical staging I, 2 cases that were surgical stage II and 1 case that was surgical stage III. Conclusion: the surgical staging could detect lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically negative nodes, as well as exclude false-positive cases. The clinical staging was not accurate for patients with vulvar carcinoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):549-552
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900008
Purpose: to evaluate the correlation between clinical and surgical staging of patients with vulvar carcinoma, according to the "Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia" (FIGO 95). Methods: the authors studied 66 consecutive cases of vulvar carcinoma from 1977 to 1997. All patients were clinically staged to verify size and localization of the lesion as well as inguinal lymph node involvement and invasion of other organs. Forty-four patients were submitted to surgical treatment and 34 could be staged according to FIGO 95. Results: among the 34 patients staged through surgery, 17 (50%) showed agreement between clinical and surgical staging. Thus, in 17 patients the staging was different and in these the surgical staging was higher than the clinical in 13 cases and lower in 4 cases. We found in the clinical staging I, 2 cases that were surgical stage II and 1 case that was surgical stage III. Conclusion: the surgical staging could detect lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically negative nodes, as well as exclude false-positive cases. The clinical staging was not accurate for patients with vulvar carcinoma.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(2):79-87
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000200004
Purpose: to assess the esthetic results and personal satisfaction of patients submitted to conservative surgery for cancer of the breast. The study was conducted on 44 patients with breast cancer diagnosed at the mastology outpatient clinic of HCFMRP-USP from January 1990 to December 1994, who fulfilled inclusion criteria according to a previously established protocol. The study consisted of analysis of the esthetic results after conservative treatment of breast cancer and analysis of the degree of patient satisfaction, with a comparison of the morphometry of the treated breast to that of the normal breast. The results were obtained on the basis of five previously established parameters using the esthetic evaluation score proposed by Westreich¹. Methods: of the 44 patients studied, 10 had been submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) because they presented locally advanced tumors, and 2 because of an unfavorable tumor/breast ratio for conservative treatment. Mean follow-up time was 65 months. All 27 patients followed-up at the outpatient clinic received a convocation letter. An evaluation questionnaire was applied to the 20 patients who came to the clinic, followed by breast measurement. Fifteen of these patients had been submitted to surgery with separate incisions and 5 to surgery with a single incision. Results: according to morphometry, the results were classified as excellent in 17 cases (85%), as good in two (10%), and as poor in only one case (5%), an evaluation comparable to the subjective evaluation made by the patients themselves. Considered separately, both measurement "A" (distance from the manubrium of the sternum to the nipple) and measurement "B" (distance from the cranial articulation of the xyphoid appendix to the nipple) showed a greater discriminative power than the measurements as a whole, since with these measurements the cases classified as poor by the patients would have also been classified as poor according to these same criteria separately (A and/or B). Conclusion: there was a significant difference in esthetic results between surgical treatment with a single incision or separate incisions, with the separate incision providing better results. There was high agreement between the classification made by the patients and the morphometric results obtained by us.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(2):79-87
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000200004
Purpose: to assess the esthetic results and personal satisfaction of patients submitted to conservative surgery for cancer of the breast. The study was conducted on 44 patients with breast cancer diagnosed at the mastology outpatient clinic of HCFMRP-USP from January 1990 to December 1994, who fulfilled inclusion criteria according to a previously established protocol. The study consisted of analysis of the esthetic results after conservative treatment of breast cancer and analysis of the degree of patient satisfaction, with a comparison of the morphometry of the treated breast to that of the normal breast. The results were obtained on the basis of five previously established parameters using the esthetic evaluation score proposed by Westreich¹. Methods: of the 44 patients studied, 10 had been submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) because they presented locally advanced tumors, and 2 because of an unfavorable tumor/breast ratio for conservative treatment. Mean follow-up time was 65 months. All 27 patients followed-up at the outpatient clinic received a convocation letter. An evaluation questionnaire was applied to the 20 patients who came to the clinic, followed by breast measurement. Fifteen of these patients had been submitted to surgery with separate incisions and 5 to surgery with a single incision. Results: according to morphometry, the results were classified as excellent in 17 cases (85%), as good in two (10%), and as poor in only one case (5%), an evaluation comparable to the subjective evaluation made by the patients themselves. Considered separately, both measurement "A" (distance from the manubrium of the sternum to the nipple) and measurement "B" (distance from the cranial articulation of the xyphoid appendix to the nipple) showed a greater discriminative power than the measurements as a whole, since with these measurements the cases classified as poor by the patients would have also been classified as poor according to these same criteria separately (A and/or B). Conclusion: there was a significant difference in esthetic results between surgical treatment with a single incision or separate incisions, with the separate incision providing better results. There was high agreement between the classification made by the patients and the morphometric results obtained by us.
