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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):221-224
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400008
A case of postsurgical necrotizing fasciitis is presented. A 68-year-old female patient was submitted to a lumpectomy for a big breast lipoma. After surgen there was an aggressive local infection, with extensive necrosis of the breast tissue, including the superficial and deep fasciae and also the skin over the breast. The gravity of the disease and the difficulties in its diagnosis due to the late skin necrosis are emphasized. Under such circunstances an early and aggressive approach is necessary.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1998;20(4):221-224
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031998000400008
A case of postsurgical necrotizing fasciitis is presented. A 68-year-old female patient was submitted to a lumpectomy for a big breast lipoma. After surgen there was an aggressive local infection, with extensive necrosis of the breast tissue, including the superficial and deep fasciae and also the skin over the breast. The gravity of the disease and the difficulties in its diagnosis due to the late skin necrosis are emphasized. Under such circunstances an early and aggressive approach is necessary.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(3):133-137
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000300003
Purpose: to evaluate how knowledgeable medical students at the Universidade Federal de Goiás were concerning the basic diagnostic principles breast cancer. The study also aimed at promoting a debate among the students and at assessing the understanding of the students in the fifth year of medical school, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Methods: Through questionnaires given to 348 individuals, from the first to the fifth year, out of a total population of 550 students, the authors searched for information with regard to basic knowledge on the diagnosis of breast cancer. Of the 348 questionnaires, 55 (16%) were given to fifth-year students, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Furthermore, 43% of the students were women, 62% had medical doctors in their immediate family, and 17% had a family history of breast cancer. Results: in regard to the knowledge of diagnostic methods, 84% of the students were aware of the most frequent sign of breast cancer, 34% knew which was the best screening method, 49% knew when to refer asymptomatic women to mammography, 37% knew the recommended interval between mammography for women above the age of 50, and 24% knew when to associate ultrasound to mammography for the detection of breast cancer. The fifth-year students provided correct answers at a significantly higher rate, when compared to the others. Concerning gender, the only difference regarded the fact that women showed a better knowledge as to the best time for self-examination and when to recommend ultrasound associated with mammography. The presence of medical doctors in the family and a history of family members with breast cancer did not have any influence on the answers. Conclusion: The lack of information in regard to the diagnosis of breast cancer is very high, even among medical students. Nevertheless, the rate of information increases significantly after students are taught Gynecology, which is only offered during the fifth year of the medical school.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(3):133-137
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000300003
Purpose: to evaluate how knowledgeable medical students at the Universidade Federal de Goiás were concerning the basic diagnostic principles breast cancer. The study also aimed at promoting a debate among the students and at assessing the understanding of the students in the fifth year of medical school, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Methods: Through questionnaires given to 348 individuals, from the first to the fifth year, out of a total population of 550 students, the authors searched for information with regard to basic knowledge on the diagnosis of breast cancer. Of the 348 questionnaires, 55 (16%) were given to fifth-year students, who had already attended the Gynecology course. Furthermore, 43% of the students were women, 62% had medical doctors in their immediate family, and 17% had a family history of breast cancer. Results: in regard to the knowledge of diagnostic methods, 84% of the students were aware of the most frequent sign of breast cancer, 34% knew which was the best screening method, 49% knew when to refer asymptomatic women to mammography, 37% knew the recommended interval between mammography for women above the age of 50, and 24% knew when to associate ultrasound to mammography for the detection of breast cancer. The fifth-year students provided correct answers at a significantly higher rate, when compared to the others. Concerning gender, the only difference regarded the fact that women showed a better knowledge as to the best time for self-examination and when to recommend ultrasound associated with mammography. The presence of medical doctors in the family and a history of family members with breast cancer did not have any influence on the answers. Conclusion: The lack of information in regard to the diagnosis of breast cancer is very high, even among medical students. Nevertheless, the rate of information increases significantly after students are taught Gynecology, which is only offered during the fifth year of the medical school.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(3):195-204
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006000300010
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women. Its diagnosis and treatment have social, economic, physical, emotional/psychological and sexual repercussions. The main parameters used to assess the results of anticancer therapy are disease-free survival and overall survival. More recently, quality of life (QOL) has been considered an additional parameter. No consensus exists about the definition of QOL. However, most definitions take into account multidimensional and subjective aspects of QOL. The identification of factors related to QOL and comprehension of how these factors contribute to the perception of QOL are reasons for debate, since the concept of QOL is directly related to the social and cultural context in which the individual is inserted. Age at diagnosis, chemotherapy, type of surgery, climacteric symptoms, relationship between the couple, and sexuality are several factors associated with QOL in women with breast cancer. QOL associated with different antineoplastic therapies may help patients and physicians choose the best therapeutic modality. Towards this end, the current article addresses various aspects of QOL of breast cancer women, and presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the topic.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2006;28(3):195-204
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032006000300010
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women. Its diagnosis and treatment have social, economic, physical, emotional/psychological and sexual repercussions. The main parameters used to assess the results of anticancer therapy are disease-free survival and overall survival. More recently, quality of life (QOL) has been considered an additional parameter. No consensus exists about the definition of QOL. However, most definitions take into account multidimensional and subjective aspects of QOL. The identification of factors related to QOL and comprehension of how these factors contribute to the perception of QOL are reasons for debate, since the concept of QOL is directly related to the social and cultural context in which the individual is inserted. Age at diagnosis, chemotherapy, type of surgery, climacteric symptoms, relationship between the couple, and sexuality are several factors associated with QOL in women with breast cancer. QOL associated with different antineoplastic therapies may help patients and physicians choose the best therapeutic modality. Towards this end, the current article addresses various aspects of QOL of breast cancer women, and presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the topic.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(5):287-290
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000500007
Purpose: to evaluate the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among medical students and to determine possible factors associated with this practice. Method: the authors used a questionnaire to gather information about the students and their knowledge of this self-examination. This questionnaire also allowed the authors to verify the frequency with which the female students performed breast self-examination. The chi² test and Student's "t" test were used, when applicable, to check the association of certain factors. Results: of the 348 questionnaires which were answered, 16% (55) were submitted by 5th year medical students, who had already attended the Gynecology course; 43% were answered by females, 62% of the students had medical doctors among their relatives, and 17% had a family history of breast cancer. In terms of breast self-examination, 95% knew about the method. Of the 149 females who answered the questionnaire, only 64% checked their breasts regularly. The reasons given for not performing self-examination varied: 24% considered themselves to be too young, 4% thought they would not have cancer, 9% listed fear as the reason, 19% reported they were too lazy, and 44% of the female students had no clear reason for not performing breast self-examination. Neither the knowledge nor the practice of the breast self-examination were associated with the subjects the students had or had not yet taken in medical school, with a family history of breast cancer or with the fact that one or more relatives were medical doctors. Conclusion: breast self-examination is known by practically all the medical students; nevertheless, only one third of the female students performed it regularly. This fact highlights the importance of emphasizing breast self-examination among medical students, so that they can help to disseminate this practice among the general population, rather than delegating this responsibility to the midia.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(5):287-290
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000500007
Purpose: to evaluate the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among medical students and to determine possible factors associated with this practice. Method: the authors used a questionnaire to gather information about the students and their knowledge of this self-examination. This questionnaire also allowed the authors to verify the frequency with which the female students performed breast self-examination. The chi² test and Student's "t" test were used, when applicable, to check the association of certain factors. Results: of the 348 questionnaires which were answered, 16% (55) were submitted by 5th year medical students, who had already attended the Gynecology course; 43% were answered by females, 62% of the students had medical doctors among their relatives, and 17% had a family history of breast cancer. In terms of breast self-examination, 95% knew about the method. Of the 149 females who answered the questionnaire, only 64% checked their breasts regularly. The reasons given for not performing self-examination varied: 24% considered themselves to be too young, 4% thought they would not have cancer, 9% listed fear as the reason, 19% reported they were too lazy, and 44% of the female students had no clear reason for not performing breast self-examination. Neither the knowledge nor the practice of the breast self-examination were associated with the subjects the students had or had not yet taken in medical school, with a family history of breast cancer or with the fact that one or more relatives were medical doctors. Conclusion: breast self-examination is known by practically all the medical students; nevertheless, only one third of the female students performed it regularly. This fact highlights the importance of emphasizing breast self-examination among medical students, so that they can help to disseminate this practice among the general population, rather than delegating this responsibility to the midia.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(7):419-421
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000700009
Squamous cell carcinoma of the mammary tissue is a very rare neoplasm, representing less than 1% of all breast carcinomas. The present study reports a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, treated at the Hospital Araújo Jorge/ACCG. The tumor diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are also discussed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(7):419-421
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000700009
Squamous cell carcinoma of the mammary tissue is a very rare neoplasm, representing less than 1% of all breast carcinomas. The present study reports a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, treated at the Hospital Araújo Jorge/ACCG. The tumor diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are also discussed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(8):453-456
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000800005
ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of patients submitted to resection of a supernumerary breast, in terms of esthetics, and the rate of complications. Patients and Methods: twenty-three women submitted to surgical treatment for removal of axillary breast tissue at the Breast Unit of the HC-UFG, between July 1994 and September 1997, were evaluated. Age ranged between 20 and 49 (mean 35 years). Patient complaints included local pain, discomfort and questions on personal esthetics. The patients' satisfaction was evaluated through an interview in which they reported to be very satisfied, satisfied, unsatisfied or regretting the surgery. The HC-UFG team also evaluated each of these patients, considering the cosmetic result as very good, good or poor. Results: according to the evaluation by the patients themselves, 61% were very satisfied and none regretted the surgery. The evaluation carried out by the medical team was stricter, as only 22% of the cases were rated as very good by the evaluators. In terms of complications, there was a 22% incidence of seroma and 13% of infection. Conclusion: the discrepancy among the patients' and doctors' ratings seems to demonstrate that the degree of satisfaction of the patients is higher than that one could initially suppose, a fact that motivates us to carry on offering this treatment modality to those who wish to have it, even considering the relative high rate of complications.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(8):453-456
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000800005
ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of patients submitted to resection of a supernumerary breast, in terms of esthetics, and the rate of complications. Patients and Methods: twenty-three women submitted to surgical treatment for removal of axillary breast tissue at the Breast Unit of the HC-UFG, between July 1994 and September 1997, were evaluated. Age ranged between 20 and 49 (mean 35 years). Patient complaints included local pain, discomfort and questions on personal esthetics. The patients' satisfaction was evaluated through an interview in which they reported to be very satisfied, satisfied, unsatisfied or regretting the surgery. The HC-UFG team also evaluated each of these patients, considering the cosmetic result as very good, good or poor. Results: according to the evaluation by the patients themselves, 61% were very satisfied and none regretted the surgery. The evaluation carried out by the medical team was stricter, as only 22% of the cases were rated as very good by the evaluators. In terms of complications, there was a 22% incidence of seroma and 13% of infection. Conclusion: the discrepancy among the patients' and doctors' ratings seems to demonstrate that the degree of satisfaction of the patients is higher than that one could initially suppose, a fact that motivates us to carry on offering this treatment modality to those who wish to have it, even considering the relative high rate of complications.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(5):307-310
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000500009
Polymastia is a usual problem in Mastology clinics and the possibility of cancer must be taken into consideration, as much as in any other mammary tissue. In the present study the case of a 48-year-old patient, submitted to the excision of the left axillary breast for cosmetic purposes is reported. The histological examination showed an invasive ductal carcinoma with an extensive in situ component. The patient was submitted to a wide excision plus axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy. The frequency, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer in supernumerary breasts is also reviewed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(5):307-310
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000500009
Polymastia is a usual problem in Mastology clinics and the possibility of cancer must be taken into consideration, as much as in any other mammary tissue. In the present study the case of a 48-year-old patient, submitted to the excision of the left axillary breast for cosmetic purposes is reported. The histological examination showed an invasive ductal carcinoma with an extensive in situ component. The patient was submitted to a wide excision plus axillary lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy. The frequency, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer in supernumerary breasts is also reviewed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(4):205-208
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000400002
Purpose: to evaluate the rate of lymphedema and its relation to the type of surgery, age and weight of the patient. Methods: one hundred and nine patients with breast cancer, submitted to modified radical mastectomy sparing the pectoralis major or both pectorales, were studied. Differences of more than 2.0 cm between the diameters of the upper members, measured above and below the elbow, were considered as due to lymphedema. Results: a total rate of 14% of this complication was observed (15 cases). In mastectomies sparing both pectoralis muscles, a smaller rate was observed (9%), when compared to 15% using Patey's technique. However, the difference was not significant. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of lymphedema and the patient's weight and age. The lymphedema was observed in only one of the 34 patients younger than 46 years old, and none of the 19 patients with up to 50 kg presented lymphedema. Conclusion: in the present series lymphedema of the upper limb was associated with the older and heavier patients.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(4):205-208
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000400002
Purpose: to evaluate the rate of lymphedema and its relation to the type of surgery, age and weight of the patient. Methods: one hundred and nine patients with breast cancer, submitted to modified radical mastectomy sparing the pectoralis major or both pectorales, were studied. Differences of more than 2.0 cm between the diameters of the upper members, measured above and below the elbow, were considered as due to lymphedema. Results: a total rate of 14% of this complication was observed (15 cases). In mastectomies sparing both pectoralis muscles, a smaller rate was observed (9%), when compared to 15% using Patey's technique. However, the difference was not significant. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of lymphedema and the patient's weight and age. The lymphedema was observed in only one of the 34 patients younger than 46 years old, and none of the 19 patients with up to 50 kg presented lymphedema. Conclusion: in the present series lymphedema of the upper limb was associated with the older and heavier patients.