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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(2):139-146
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000200009
PURPOSE: to evaluate whether oral and vaginal sex practice, with or without exposure to semen, decrease the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion. METHOD: this was a case-control study carried out between May 2000 and April 2003. A questionnaire was applied analyzing the clinical, obstetric and sexual history of women, who were divided into two groups: a case group comprised 116 patients with a history of at least two spontaneous abortions, without previous pregnancy longer than 22 weeks, and a control group that included 241 women with history of one or more term pregnancies with live birth and no miscarriage. The analyzed variables included the number of sexual partners, condom use, oral sex practice, and the exposure of female oral mucosa to semen. RESULTS: in the control group 38.8%, and in the patients group 35.7% of the women had only one partner. In both groups about 75% of the women reported that the partners did not use condom. Approximately 55% of the women of both groups referred oral sex practice, and 13.8% of those with recurrent abortion and 20.3% with a history of successful pregnancies had oral mucosa exposed to semen. There was no difference between the patients with recurrent abortion and women with successful pregnancies regarding number of sexual partners, use of condom, practice of oral sex, and exposure of oral mucosa to the partner's semen. CONCLUSION: our results did not confirm the hypothesis that sexual behavior influences the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(2):139-146
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000200009
PURPOSE: to evaluate whether oral and vaginal sex practice, with or without exposure to semen, decrease the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion. METHOD: this was a case-control study carried out between May 2000 and April 2003. A questionnaire was applied analyzing the clinical, obstetric and sexual history of women, who were divided into two groups: a case group comprised 116 patients with a history of at least two spontaneous abortions, without previous pregnancy longer than 22 weeks, and a control group that included 241 women with history of one or more term pregnancies with live birth and no miscarriage. The analyzed variables included the number of sexual partners, condom use, oral sex practice, and the exposure of female oral mucosa to semen. RESULTS: in the control group 38.8%, and in the patients group 35.7% of the women had only one partner. In both groups about 75% of the women reported that the partners did not use condom. Approximately 55% of the women of both groups referred oral sex practice, and 13.8% of those with recurrent abortion and 20.3% with a history of successful pregnancies had oral mucosa exposed to semen. There was no difference between the patients with recurrent abortion and women with successful pregnancies regarding number of sexual partners, use of condom, practice of oral sex, and exposure of oral mucosa to the partner's semen. CONCLUSION: our results did not confirm the hypothesis that sexual behavior influences the occurrence of spontaneous abortion.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(9):625-630
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the nutritional condition of pregnant adolescents using the pregestational body mass index (BMI) and the BMI at the end of pregnancy and to establish a possible association with the type of delivery and weight of the newborn child. METHODS: in a descriptive retrospective observational study 558 pregnant teenagers as well as their newborns were evaluated in the Obstetrics outpatient clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil (UNIFESP-EPM), from January 1998 to December 2000. The sample consisted of pregnant girls who were between 10 and 19 years old at the time of the first prenatal examination, excluding the teenagers who had preexistent disease and those with incomplete data in their records. Thus, the sample consisted of 300 pregnant teenagers. Qualitative variables are presented as absolute and relative frequency and quantitative variables as mean, standard deviation and range. The correlation between maternal variables (pre-pregnancy BMI and final BMI) and parameters of the newborn (type of delivery and weight) was determined by the c² test and the differences were identified by partitioning of the c² values, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05 (a = 0.05). RESULTS: nutritional deviation was detected in 34.7% of the girls, at the beginning of pregnancy. Of these adolescents, 27.7% presented malnutrition, 4% were overweight and 3% were obese. By the end of the gestational period, BMI of 54.3% of them was normal, 1.3% correponded to malnutrition, 27% to overweight and 17.3% to obesity. The mother's nutritional condition (malnutrition, normal, overweight and obesity) did not affect the method of delivery, either vaginal (80.3%) or cesarean section (19.7%). The patients who reached end of pregnancy with BMI corresponding to malnutrition had 75% of neonates under 2.500 g. CONCLUSIONS: the mother's nutritional status was not related to the type of delivery. BMI corresponding to malnutrition at the end of pregnancy was significantly related to more cases of newborn babies under 2.500 g.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(9):625-630
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000900002
PURPOSE: to evaluate the nutritional condition of pregnant adolescents using the pregestational body mass index (BMI) and the BMI at the end of pregnancy and to establish a possible association with the type of delivery and weight of the newborn child. METHODS: in a descriptive retrospective observational study 558 pregnant teenagers as well as their newborns were evaluated in the Obstetrics outpatient clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil (UNIFESP-EPM), from January 1998 to December 2000. The sample consisted of pregnant girls who were between 10 and 19 years old at the time of the first prenatal examination, excluding the teenagers who had preexistent disease and those with incomplete data in their records. Thus, the sample consisted of 300 pregnant teenagers. Qualitative variables are presented as absolute and relative frequency and quantitative variables as mean, standard deviation and range. The correlation between maternal variables (pre-pregnancy BMI and final BMI) and parameters of the newborn (type of delivery and weight) was determined by the c² test and the differences were identified by partitioning of the c² values, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05 (a = 0.05). RESULTS: nutritional deviation was detected in 34.7% of the girls, at the beginning of pregnancy. Of these adolescents, 27.7% presented malnutrition, 4% were overweight and 3% were obese. By the end of the gestational period, BMI of 54.3% of them was normal, 1.3% correponded to malnutrition, 27% to overweight and 17.3% to obesity. The mother's nutritional condition (malnutrition, normal, overweight and obesity) did not affect the method of delivery, either vaginal (80.3%) or cesarean section (19.7%). The patients who reached end of pregnancy with BMI corresponding to malnutrition had 75% of neonates under 2.500 g. CONCLUSIONS: the mother's nutritional status was not related to the type of delivery. BMI corresponding to malnutrition at the end of pregnancy was significantly related to more cases of newborn babies under 2.500 g.