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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(6):303-309
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000600007
PURPOSE: Due to the scarce information available in Brazil in relation to the number of women who initiated the use of combined oral contraceptives and prematurely discontinued, the objective was to assess the reasons for discontinuation of the use of several combined oral contraceptives among Brazilian women living in urban areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 400 gynecologists registered withy the Brazilian Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Each physician interviewed 10 non-pregnant, not breastfeeding, not amenorrheic women aged 18 to 39 years who consulted requesting combined oral contraceptive (COC) with a questionnaire at the beginning of use and at six months later. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, type of COC chosen or prescribed and reasons for discontinuation when it occurred during follow-up. The strategy of selection allowed the inclusion of women from different socioeconomic strata, however, only those attended at private or insurance offices. The sample size was estimated at 1,427 women. RESULTS: A total of 3,465 interviews were conducted at the first visit and 1,699 six months later. The women were 20 to 29 years old, 57.3% were single and an equal proportion of 45.0% attended high school or college. Most (60.7%) were nulligravidas and among those who had used some contraceptive before, 71.8% had used a COC. Among the more prescribed or chosen COC the most prevalent were monophasic with ethynil estradiol (20 µg) and regarding progestin the most prevalent was with gestodene (36.5%) followed by a COC with drosperinone (22.0%). At six months 63.5% still used COC. Among those who discontinued the main reasons were wishing to become pregnant (36.5%) and side effects (57.3%) and the most prevalent were headache (37.6%), weight gain (16.6%) and irregular bleeding (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The continuation rate of COC was low at six months and this study could contribute to a better counseling on the part of physicians of patients who initiate COC about side-events that are rare, minimal and temporary and about the benefits of COC use.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2011;33(6):303-309
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032011000600007
PURPOSE: Due to the scarce information available in Brazil in relation to the number of women who initiated the use of combined oral contraceptives and prematurely discontinued, the objective was to assess the reasons for discontinuation of the use of several combined oral contraceptives among Brazilian women living in urban areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 400 gynecologists registered withy the Brazilian Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Each physician interviewed 10 non-pregnant, not breastfeeding, not amenorrheic women aged 18 to 39 years who consulted requesting combined oral contraceptive (COC) with a questionnaire at the beginning of use and at six months later. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, type of COC chosen or prescribed and reasons for discontinuation when it occurred during follow-up. The strategy of selection allowed the inclusion of women from different socioeconomic strata, however, only those attended at private or insurance offices. The sample size was estimated at 1,427 women. RESULTS: A total of 3,465 interviews were conducted at the first visit and 1,699 six months later. The women were 20 to 29 years old, 57.3% were single and an equal proportion of 45.0% attended high school or college. Most (60.7%) were nulligravidas and among those who had used some contraceptive before, 71.8% had used a COC. Among the more prescribed or chosen COC the most prevalent were monophasic with ethynil estradiol (20 µg) and regarding progestin the most prevalent was with gestodene (36.5%) followed by a COC with drosperinone (22.0%). At six months 63.5% still used COC. Among those who discontinued the main reasons were wishing to become pregnant (36.5%) and side effects (57.3%) and the most prevalent were headache (37.6%), weight gain (16.6%) and irregular bleeding (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The continuation rate of COC was low at six months and this study could contribute to a better counseling on the part of physicians of patients who initiate COC about side-events that are rare, minimal and temporary and about the benefits of COC use.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(1):37-41
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000100007
Purpose: to evaluate the effects of tibolone on climacteric symptoms and clinical and metabolic variables. Methods: thirty-four postmenopausal women were treated orally with 2.5 mg tibolone daily for 48 weeks and evaluated as to climacteric complaints, clinical aspects such as weight and blood pressure and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triglycerides). Results: a significant improvement of climacteric complaints was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the Kupperman index (p<0.001) and the mean number of hot flushes (p<0.001) from the first month of treatment onwards. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-c (p<0.001). The LDL-c levels presented a slight decrease (not significant). The HDL-c levels showed a significant decrease at week 24. However these levels returned to baseline levels at week 48. With regard to the vital signs no change in body weight and blood pressure was measured. The side effects were mild and temporary, vaginal bleeding, nausea and edema being the most common. Conclusion: tibolone may be considered a safe and efficient option to treat climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women without significant impact on lipid profile.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(1):37-41
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000100007
Purpose: to evaluate the effects of tibolone on climacteric symptoms and clinical and metabolic variables. Methods: thirty-four postmenopausal women were treated orally with 2.5 mg tibolone daily for 48 weeks and evaluated as to climacteric complaints, clinical aspects such as weight and blood pressure and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triglycerides). Results: a significant improvement of climacteric complaints was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the Kupperman index (p<0.001) and the mean number of hot flushes (p<0.001) from the first month of treatment onwards. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-c (p<0.001). The LDL-c levels presented a slight decrease (not significant). The HDL-c levels showed a significant decrease at week 24. However these levels returned to baseline levels at week 48. With regard to the vital signs no change in body weight and blood pressure was measured. The side effects were mild and temporary, vaginal bleeding, nausea and edema being the most common. Conclusion: tibolone may be considered a safe and efficient option to treat climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women without significant impact on lipid profile.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):735-739
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900010
PURPOSE: to describe the use of a superior labial flap for the treatment of labia minora hypertrophy. METHODS: from May, 1998 to July, 2002 10 patients with labia minora hypertrophy were submitted to reduction of the labial excess through the resection of the inferior segment by an L-shaped incision. The transversal incision was done starting on the labial external border towards the hymenal caruncles, and the longitudinal incision, from that point until near the furcula. The border of the superior flap was then lowered to eliminate the defect caused by the inferior resection. RESULTS: within an average period of 45 days after surgery, the patients were satisfied with its esthetical and functional aspects. The local sensibility did not change. Only two cases presented complications: one case with perineal ecchymosis and the other with partial, early unilateral dehiscense. Infection, necrosis and late dehiscense were not observed. CONCLUSION: the utilization of the superior flap in the correction of labia minora hypertrophy produces a satisfactory esthetical and functional result with few complications and easy resolution.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(9):735-739
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000900010
PURPOSE: to describe the use of a superior labial flap for the treatment of labia minora hypertrophy. METHODS: from May, 1998 to July, 2002 10 patients with labia minora hypertrophy were submitted to reduction of the labial excess through the resection of the inferior segment by an L-shaped incision. The transversal incision was done starting on the labial external border towards the hymenal caruncles, and the longitudinal incision, from that point until near the furcula. The border of the superior flap was then lowered to eliminate the defect caused by the inferior resection. RESULTS: within an average period of 45 days after surgery, the patients were satisfied with its esthetical and functional aspects. The local sensibility did not change. Only two cases presented complications: one case with perineal ecchymosis and the other with partial, early unilateral dehiscense. Infection, necrosis and late dehiscense were not observed. CONCLUSION: the utilization of the superior flap in the correction of labia minora hypertrophy produces a satisfactory esthetical and functional result with few complications and easy resolution.
