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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):499-504
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900002
Purpose: to evaluate the ultrasound characteristics of normal pregnancies, according to the placental maturity, local of insertion and thickness, fetal presentation and position during the second half of pregnancy. Methods: a descriptive study was perfomed, including at least 120 measures in each gestational age, in 2,868 normal pregnant women from Campinas, Brazil, studied through routine obstetric ultrasound examinations, with fetal biometry and placental evaluation, applying Grannum, Berkowitz, Hobbins (1979) criteria for placental maturity. Placental thickness was measured at the cord insertion site. Results: grade 0 placentas were more frequent up to 31 weeks and grade I after 32 weeks. Grade II did not appear until 32 weeks and grade III was more frequent after 36 weeks. The placental thickness significantly increased with gestational age and the most frequent placental locations were anterior and posterior. The cephalic presentation was the most frequent all gestational ages, with only 1% of breech presentation at term. The most frequent fetal position was fetal spine left side, followed by right side. Conclusions: the studied factors showed a similar distribution to that expected for normal populations and could be used as a standard for the Brazilian population.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 1999;21(9):499-504
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72031999000900002
Purpose: to evaluate the ultrasound characteristics of normal pregnancies, according to the placental maturity, local of insertion and thickness, fetal presentation and position during the second half of pregnancy. Methods: a descriptive study was perfomed, including at least 120 measures in each gestational age, in 2,868 normal pregnant women from Campinas, Brazil, studied through routine obstetric ultrasound examinations, with fetal biometry and placental evaluation, applying Grannum, Berkowitz, Hobbins (1979) criteria for placental maturity. Placental thickness was measured at the cord insertion site. Results: grade 0 placentas were more frequent up to 31 weeks and grade I after 32 weeks. Grade II did not appear until 32 weeks and grade III was more frequent after 36 weeks. The placental thickness significantly increased with gestational age and the most frequent placental locations were anterior and posterior. The cephalic presentation was the most frequent all gestational ages, with only 1% of breech presentation at term. The most frequent fetal position was fetal spine left side, followed by right side. Conclusions: the studied factors showed a similar distribution to that expected for normal populations and could be used as a standard for the Brazilian population.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(1):7-12
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000100002
Purpose: to compare the capacity of diagnosing oligohy-dramnios by ultrasound using different measures of the maximum pool depth of amniotic fluid in comparison to the amniotic fluid index among normal pregnant women from the 36th to the 42nd week of gestation. Methods: a descriptive study of diagnostic validity was perfomed, on 875 normal pregnant women who were studied through routine obstetric ultrasound examinations, including the measure of the maximum pool depth for the diagnosis of oligohydramnios, using the amniotic fluid index as the gold standard. The data were analyzed through sensitivity and specificity of the maximum pool depth of amniotic fluid using 10, 20 and 30 mm cut-offs, in comparison to the amniotic fluid index values of the normal curve in percentiles 2.5 and 10 for different gestational ages. Results: the maximum pool depth had a poor sensitivity to diagnose oligohydramnios when 10 and 20 mm were used as cut-offs, and good sensitivity and specificity when 30 mm was used, in comparison to the amniotic fluid values in percentiles 2.5 and 10. The best sensitivity and specificity of the maximum pool depth were when found using a 30 mm cut-off in comparison to 2.5 percentile to diagnose oligohydramnios. Conclusions: the capacity to diagnose oligohydramnios by the measure of the maximum pool depth is satisfactory only with the cut-off of 30 mm
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2000;22(1):7-12
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032000000100002
Purpose: to compare the capacity of diagnosing oligohy-dramnios by ultrasound using different measures of the maximum pool depth of amniotic fluid in comparison to the amniotic fluid index among normal pregnant women from the 36th to the 42nd week of gestation. Methods: a descriptive study of diagnostic validity was perfomed, on 875 normal pregnant women who were studied through routine obstetric ultrasound examinations, including the measure of the maximum pool depth for the diagnosis of oligohydramnios, using the amniotic fluid index as the gold standard. The data were analyzed through sensitivity and specificity of the maximum pool depth of amniotic fluid using 10, 20 and 30 mm cut-offs, in comparison to the amniotic fluid index values of the normal curve in percentiles 2.5 and 10 for different gestational ages. Results: the maximum pool depth had a poor sensitivity to diagnose oligohydramnios when 10 and 20 mm were used as cut-offs, and good sensitivity and specificity when 30 mm was used, in comparison to the amniotic fluid values in percentiles 2.5 and 10. The best sensitivity and specificity of the maximum pool depth were when found using a 30 mm cut-off in comparison to 2.5 percentile to diagnose oligohydramnios. Conclusions: the capacity to diagnose oligohydramnios by the measure of the maximum pool depth is satisfactory only with the cut-off of 30 mm