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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(6):340-346
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000600008
PURPOSE: a case-control study comparing two radiocolloids used in scintigraphy to map the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: forty patients were prospectively enrolled between May 2002 and April 2004, after signing an informed consent form. In the present double-blind study, each patient was submitted twice to the same examination, a mammary scintigraphy, one with 99mTc-dextran 500 (dextran) and the other with 99mTc-phytate (phytate), on different days. A volume of 2 ml with 1-1.5 mCi of each radiopharmaceutical, in divided aliquots, was injected in the breast parenchyma in four points around in the tumor and the subcutaneous area superficial to the tumor. The image was obtained 2 h after the injection, using a gamma camera with high-resolution collimator. The lymph nodes were identified by anterior and lateral static scintigraphic images. Statistical analysis was done with the use of McNemar and Z tests. RESULTS: in the analysis of the 40 patients, we had 15 pairs with positive identical images, 4 pairs with negative images and 21 pairs with inconsistent images, either because one of them was negative, or because the SLN numbers were different. When the protocol was opened, we found 35 and 27 positive images and 5 and 13 negative images for dextran and phytate treatment groups, respectively. Among the negative images, 4 were shared by both groups. The McNemar test, used for the statistical analysis, showed p=0.026, odds ratio (OR) = 0.11 with 95% CI 0.01 < OR < 0.85. The accuracy, evaluated by the success ratio of the SLN mapping, was 67.5% for phytate and 87.5% for dextran, with p=0.032. Analysis of variance of the SLN number in lymphoscintigraphy images showed p=0.008. CONCLUSION: these results recommend the use of dextran instead of phytate for the SLN study of breast carcinoma by scintigraphy, when the same methodology is being used.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2005;27(6):340-346
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032005000600008
PURPOSE: a case-control study comparing two radiocolloids used in scintigraphy to map the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: forty patients were prospectively enrolled between May 2002 and April 2004, after signing an informed consent form. In the present double-blind study, each patient was submitted twice to the same examination, a mammary scintigraphy, one with 99mTc-dextran 500 (dextran) and the other with 99mTc-phytate (phytate), on different days. A volume of 2 ml with 1-1.5 mCi of each radiopharmaceutical, in divided aliquots, was injected in the breast parenchyma in four points around in the tumor and the subcutaneous area superficial to the tumor. The image was obtained 2 h after the injection, using a gamma camera with high-resolution collimator. The lymph nodes were identified by anterior and lateral static scintigraphic images. Statistical analysis was done with the use of McNemar and Z tests. RESULTS: in the analysis of the 40 patients, we had 15 pairs with positive identical images, 4 pairs with negative images and 21 pairs with inconsistent images, either because one of them was negative, or because the SLN numbers were different. When the protocol was opened, we found 35 and 27 positive images and 5 and 13 negative images for dextran and phytate treatment groups, respectively. Among the negative images, 4 were shared by both groups. The McNemar test, used for the statistical analysis, showed p=0.026, odds ratio (OR) = 0.11 with 95% CI 0.01 < OR < 0.85. The accuracy, evaluated by the success ratio of the SLN mapping, was 67.5% for phytate and 87.5% for dextran, with p=0.032. Analysis of variance of the SLN number in lymphoscintigraphy images showed p=0.008. CONCLUSION: these results recommend the use of dextran instead of phytate for the SLN study of breast carcinoma by scintigraphy, when the same methodology is being used.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(7):479-484
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000700008
Purpose: to evaluate the lymphoscintigraphy, the hand-held probe and the vital blue dye to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast carcinoma and to establish sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy of the SLN detection. Methods: eighty-eight consecutive attended patients, with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes were enrolled for this study using the technique of mapping with 99m technetium dextran for scintigraphic images before surgery. In the operating room, five minutes before axillary incision, we injected 2 mL of 2.5% Bleu Patente V Sodique around the tumor and intradermally. Then the gamma probe helped to find out the hot spot where the SLN was supposed to be. The pathologic results of SLN were obtained by the standard technique with hematoxylin and eosin staining in seventy-seven patients. Results: scintigraphy was conclusive for lymphatic basins in 62.1% of 58 cases, concerning SLN identification. In these conclusive patients, there were 9 in which 2 nodes appeared simultaneously without lymph vessel delineation. Using the gamma probe, at least one axillary SLN site could be found preoperatively in 45 cases (84.9%), and intraoperatively, associated with blue dye, in all 53 patients. In 32 of 35 patients only vital blue dye was used with success. Concerning the groups "day" and "other day" (when biopsy was performed on the same day or the other day, after the radiolabeled injection), therefore different regarding time and gamma counts, both achieved the same results regarding SLN detection. Forty-one patients had positive axillary lymph nodes and only two had false negative SLN, giving sensitivity of 95.3%, a NPV of 95.5% and overall accuracy of 97.7%. Conclusions: the lymph node mapping with the use of technetium and patent blue V, alone or associated, is feasible. The time since the injection of technetium up to surgery varied from 3 to 17 h. The pathologic findings confirmed that the biopsied lymph node was the true sentinel node in 97.6% of the cases and validated the SLN mapping, and this should lead to an avoidance of complete axillary dissection as a routine procedure in patients with negative SLN.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(7):479-484
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002000700008
Purpose: to evaluate the lymphoscintigraphy, the hand-held probe and the vital blue dye to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast carcinoma and to establish sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy of the SLN detection. Methods: eighty-eight consecutive attended patients, with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes were enrolled for this study using the technique of mapping with 99m technetium dextran for scintigraphic images before surgery. In the operating room, five minutes before axillary incision, we injected 2 mL of 2.5% Bleu Patente V Sodique around the tumor and intradermally. Then the gamma probe helped to find out the hot spot where the SLN was supposed to be. The pathologic results of SLN were obtained by the standard technique with hematoxylin and eosin staining in seventy-seven patients. Results: scintigraphy was conclusive for lymphatic basins in 62.1% of 58 cases, concerning SLN identification. In these conclusive patients, there were 9 in which 2 nodes appeared simultaneously without lymph vessel delineation. Using the gamma probe, at least one axillary SLN site could be found preoperatively in 45 cases (84.9%), and intraoperatively, associated with blue dye, in all 53 patients. In 32 of 35 patients only vital blue dye was used with success. Concerning the groups "day" and "other day" (when biopsy was performed on the same day or the other day, after the radiolabeled injection), therefore different regarding time and gamma counts, both achieved the same results regarding SLN detection. Forty-one patients had positive axillary lymph nodes and only two had false negative SLN, giving sensitivity of 95.3%, a NPV of 95.5% and overall accuracy of 97.7%. Conclusions: the lymph node mapping with the use of technetium and patent blue V, alone or associated, is feasible. The time since the injection of technetium up to surgery varied from 3 to 17 h. The pathologic findings confirmed that the biopsied lymph node was the true sentinel node in 97.6% of the cases and validated the SLN mapping, and this should lead to an avoidance of complete axillary dissection as a routine procedure in patients with negative SLN.