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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(7):323-330
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000700007
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with delayed pap smear test of the cervix (carried out more than three years ago) among mothers with sons under two years of age, who attended the prenatal care. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based household survey. Women with sons under two years old, living in the northern area of the city of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil, were interviewed. Stratification and clustering were used in a complex sampling procedure. We applied a survey questionnaire to capture women's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and information about prenatal and practices for preventing cancer of the cervix. For statistical analysis of the possible bivariate association of factors, we used χ² test and a logistic regression model with the explanatory variables that had a significance less than or equal to 0.05 in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS: We found a delayed test prevalence of 26.6% (95%CI 21.3 - 32.6), including women who were never submitted to the exam. The variables associated with the non-adherence to the examination within the stipulated time were: to be married (OR 0.5; 95%CI 0.2 - 0.9), and divorced/widowed (OR 0.1; 95%CI 0.02 - 0,8), having performed gynecological examination in prenatal care (OR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1 - 0.6) and number of prenatal visits (OR 0.09; 95%CI 0.03 - 0.25 for more than 11 visits), being all protection factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adherence to Pap smear guidelines is slightly lower than the percentage recommended by the World Health Organization. Apart from that, the fact that the woman was submitted to the prenatal care did not guarantee the adherence to Pap smear frequency guidelines.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2013;35(7):323-330
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032013000700007
PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with delayed pap smear test of the cervix (carried out more than three years ago) among mothers with sons under two years of age, who attended the prenatal care. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based household survey. Women with sons under two years old, living in the northern area of the city of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil, were interviewed. Stratification and clustering were used in a complex sampling procedure. We applied a survey questionnaire to capture women's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women and information about prenatal and practices for preventing cancer of the cervix. For statistical analysis of the possible bivariate association of factors, we used χ² test and a logistic regression model with the explanatory variables that had a significance less than or equal to 0.05 in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS: We found a delayed test prevalence of 26.6% (95%CI 21.3 - 32.6), including women who were never submitted to the exam. The variables associated with the non-adherence to the examination within the stipulated time were: to be married (OR 0.5; 95%CI 0.2 - 0.9), and divorced/widowed (OR 0.1; 95%CI 0.02 - 0,8), having performed gynecological examination in prenatal care (OR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1 - 0.6) and number of prenatal visits (OR 0.09; 95%CI 0.03 - 0.25 for more than 11 visits), being all protection factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adherence to Pap smear guidelines is slightly lower than the percentage recommended by the World Health Organization. Apart from that, the fact that the woman was submitted to the prenatal care did not guarantee the adherence to Pap smear frequency guidelines.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(9):432-437
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000900008
PURPOSE: To verify the coverage, by Pap testing, of older women and the associated factors. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted by home interviews. The inclusion criteria were women aged 60 and over, living on the north side of the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, self-sufficient to answer the questionnaire or having someone to answer on their behalf. The interview consisted of sociodemographic questions, regarding the general health of the older women, and preventive practices in women's health. The selection was made by random sampling, stratified and clustered in multiple stages. To analyze associated factors, a theoretical model was formulated with three hierarchical blocks of variables, adjusted to each other in each block. The variables that had a level of significance of 0.2 or less were included in the Poisson regression model and adjusted to their next highest level (p<0.1). RESULTS: Pap testing occurred in 84.1% of cases (95%CI 79.0-88.4). Based on multivariate regression analysis, three variables remained significantly associated with access to Pap testing: the marital status "without partner" (older women who were single, widowed, separated or divorced), self-sufficiency to perform Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) and adherence to mammography. In the interblock analysis these variables remained significantly associated with the outcome variable, and self-sufficiency for IADLs had the highest association. CONCLUSIONS: Among the older women comprising the study sample, was observed variation in the use of Pap testing. An adjustment of public health policies towards the formulation of policies giving priority to universal preventive care may be an alternative to solve the disparities observed.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2012;34(9):432-437
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032012000900008
PURPOSE: To verify the coverage, by Pap testing, of older women and the associated factors. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted by home interviews. The inclusion criteria were women aged 60 and over, living on the north side of the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, self-sufficient to answer the questionnaire or having someone to answer on their behalf. The interview consisted of sociodemographic questions, regarding the general health of the older women, and preventive practices in women's health. The selection was made by random sampling, stratified and clustered in multiple stages. To analyze associated factors, a theoretical model was formulated with three hierarchical blocks of variables, adjusted to each other in each block. The variables that had a level of significance of 0.2 or less were included in the Poisson regression model and adjusted to their next highest level (p<0.1). RESULTS: Pap testing occurred in 84.1% of cases (95%CI 79.0-88.4). Based on multivariate regression analysis, three variables remained significantly associated with access to Pap testing: the marital status "without partner" (older women who were single, widowed, separated or divorced), self-sufficiency to perform Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) and adherence to mammography. In the interblock analysis these variables remained significantly associated with the outcome variable, and self-sufficiency for IADLs had the highest association. CONCLUSIONS: Among the older women comprising the study sample, was observed variation in the use of Pap testing. An adjustment of public health policies towards the formulation of policies giving priority to universal preventive care may be an alternative to solve the disparities observed.