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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(7):573-578
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000700010
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of raloxifene on plasma homocysteine concentration and lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS: twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 70 years, with osteopenia and/or osteoporosis, were submitted to raloxifene therapy, 60 mg/day, for six months. Plasma homocysteine concentration was determined before and after three and six months of therapy, as well as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Plasma homocysteine was measured by a polarized immunofluorescence assay and serum lipids by the enzymatic and colorimetric method. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, Newman-Keuls test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: a significant decrease in total cholesterol of 15.3% (227.6±56.3 vs 200.6±29.8 vs 192.8±32.1 mg/dl; p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol of 21.4% (151.4±46.3 vs 122.7±29.4 vs 119.0±28.6 mg/dl; p<0.001), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol of 9.5% (44.7±10.8 vs 52.2±12.6 vs 49.0±10.8 mg/dl; p<0.05) were observed. There was no reduction in triglyceride levels (134.9±50.3 vs 127.5±50.0 vs 121.0±36.0 mg/dl; p>0.05). Although not significant, a decrease in homocysteine by 4.5% (11.7±3.0 vs 11.0±2.9 vs 11.2±2.1 muM/l; p>0.05) was observed between the pre-and posttreatment periods, with a significant negative correlation between basal levels and posttreatment percentual reduction (r=-0.71; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: raloxifene treatment, 60 mg/day, for six months caused a significant decrease in total and LDL-cholesterol and an increase in HDL-cholesterol in postmenopausal women. Plasma homocysteine concentration tended to decrease, this effect being more favorable in patients with elevated baseline levels.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(7):573-578
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000700010
PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of raloxifene on plasma homocysteine concentration and lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS: twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 70 years, with osteopenia and/or osteoporosis, were submitted to raloxifene therapy, 60 mg/day, for six months. Plasma homocysteine concentration was determined before and after three and six months of therapy, as well as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Plasma homocysteine was measured by a polarized immunofluorescence assay and serum lipids by the enzymatic and colorimetric method. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, Newman-Keuls test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: a significant decrease in total cholesterol of 15.3% (227.6±56.3 vs 200.6±29.8 vs 192.8±32.1 mg/dl; p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol of 21.4% (151.4±46.3 vs 122.7±29.4 vs 119.0±28.6 mg/dl; p<0.001), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol of 9.5% (44.7±10.8 vs 52.2±12.6 vs 49.0±10.8 mg/dl; p<0.05) were observed. There was no reduction in triglyceride levels (134.9±50.3 vs 127.5±50.0 vs 121.0±36.0 mg/dl; p>0.05). Although not significant, a decrease in homocysteine by 4.5% (11.7±3.0 vs 11.0±2.9 vs 11.2±2.1 muM/l; p>0.05) was observed between the pre-and posttreatment periods, with a significant negative correlation between basal levels and posttreatment percentual reduction (r=-0.71; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: raloxifene treatment, 60 mg/day, for six months caused a significant decrease in total and LDL-cholesterol and an increase in HDL-cholesterol in postmenopausal women. Plasma homocysteine concentration tended to decrease, this effect being more favorable in patients with elevated baseline levels.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(1):71-75
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000100011
PURPOSE: to determine daily calcium ingestion and its correlation with bone density in patients with anorexia nervosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: fourteen women with anorexia nervosa recorded their 24 h food ingestion in a standardized diary and were submitted to bone densitometry. Data were analyzed statistically by the c² test and the Pearson correlation, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: mean bone density in the lumbar spine and in the femur were 0.95 ± 0.15 and 0.88 ± 0.26, respectively. There was a significant correlation between time of amenorrhea and bone mass loss both in the lumbar spine (r=-0.65; p=0.01) and in the femur (r=-0.71; p=0.006). All patients but one presented lower calcium ingestion than the recommended dietary allowances, with a mean of 554.5 mg/day (range from 120 to 840 mg/day). Sixty-four percent of the patients presented some degree of bone mass loss (osteopenia or osteoporosis) in the spine and 57% in the femur. None of the six patients with a deficit in calcium ingestion of less than 60% presented osteoporosis; on the other hand, three of eight patients who had deficit in calcium ingestion higher than 60% presented osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: patients with anorexia nervosa had a low calcium ingestion and a significant bone mass loss, which were directly intercorrelated. Low bone density was also correlated with time of amenorrhea.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2004;26(1):71-75
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032004000100011
PURPOSE: to determine daily calcium ingestion and its correlation with bone density in patients with anorexia nervosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: fourteen women with anorexia nervosa recorded their 24 h food ingestion in a standardized diary and were submitted to bone densitometry. Data were analyzed statistically by the c² test and the Pearson correlation, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: mean bone density in the lumbar spine and in the femur were 0.95 ± 0.15 and 0.88 ± 0.26, respectively. There was a significant correlation between time of amenorrhea and bone mass loss both in the lumbar spine (r=-0.65; p=0.01) and in the femur (r=-0.71; p=0.006). All patients but one presented lower calcium ingestion than the recommended dietary allowances, with a mean of 554.5 mg/day (range from 120 to 840 mg/day). Sixty-four percent of the patients presented some degree of bone mass loss (osteopenia or osteoporosis) in the spine and 57% in the femur. None of the six patients with a deficit in calcium ingestion of less than 60% presented osteoporosis; on the other hand, three of eight patients who had deficit in calcium ingestion higher than 60% presented osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: patients with anorexia nervosa had a low calcium ingestion and a significant bone mass loss, which were directly intercorrelated. Low bone density was also correlated with time of amenorrhea.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(8):593-598
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000800008
PURPOSE: to investigate the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the lipid metabolism in HIV-infected pregnant women. METHODS: a prospective study was conducted on 57 pregnant women. The women were divided into three groups: ZDV group, consisting of 20 HIV-infected women taking ZDV; TT group, consisting of 25 HIV-1-infected women on triple antiretroviral treatment (ZDV + 3TC + NFV), and control group, consisting of 12 pregnant women considered to be normal from a clinical and laboratory viewpoint. Demographic and anthropometric data were homogeneous. Patients with a personal and family history of hyperlipidemia were excluded. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of fasting lipids (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and triglycerides) at four periods during pregnancy (1st = 14-20 weeks; 2nd = 21-26 weeks; 3rd = 27-32 weeks and 4th = 33-38 weeks). Data were analyzed statistically using the nonparametric chi², Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests . RESULTS: the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy induced no difference in total or HDL cholesterol but caused an increase from 76.5 and 84 mg/dL to 96 and 105 mg/dL in the concentration of the LDL fraction along gestation in ZDV and TT groups, respectively (p<0.01). A positive significant association was observed between triglycerides and viral burden in the ZDV group (r: 0.534; p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral agents during pregnancy increase serum LDL-colesterol levels. The risk of pregnancy regarding potentiation of long-term antiretroviral effects on lipid metabolism, remains to be established.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2003;25(8):593-598
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032003000800008
PURPOSE: to investigate the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the lipid metabolism in HIV-infected pregnant women. METHODS: a prospective study was conducted on 57 pregnant women. The women were divided into three groups: ZDV group, consisting of 20 HIV-infected women taking ZDV; TT group, consisting of 25 HIV-1-infected women on triple antiretroviral treatment (ZDV + 3TC + NFV), and control group, consisting of 12 pregnant women considered to be normal from a clinical and laboratory viewpoint. Demographic and anthropometric data were homogeneous. Patients with a personal and family history of hyperlipidemia were excluded. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of fasting lipids (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and triglycerides) at four periods during pregnancy (1st = 14-20 weeks; 2nd = 21-26 weeks; 3rd = 27-32 weeks and 4th = 33-38 weeks). Data were analyzed statistically using the nonparametric chi², Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests . RESULTS: the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy induced no difference in total or HDL cholesterol but caused an increase from 76.5 and 84 mg/dL to 96 and 105 mg/dL in the concentration of the LDL fraction along gestation in ZDV and TT groups, respectively (p<0.01). A positive significant association was observed between triglycerides and viral burden in the ZDV group (r: 0.534; p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral agents during pregnancy increase serum LDL-colesterol levels. The risk of pregnancy regarding potentiation of long-term antiretroviral effects on lipid metabolism, remains to be established.
