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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(1):15-20
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000100003
Purpose: to evaluate the seroprevalence of infection caused by HSV-2 among pregnant women delivering at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (UHFMRP-USP) and to standardize laboratory techniques to be used for this purpose. Methods: a total of 1500 blood samples from pregnant women seen at the Obstetric Center of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UHFMRP-USP, between January 1st and October 31st, 1996, were evaluated. To determine the real prevalence of HSV-2 infection, the ELISA technique was standardized but, during its initial use, it was found to be not sufficiently specific to discriminate between the two viral types (75%). Thus, it became necessary to use a more specific technique and the method standardized for this purpose was Western blot, which can detect the specific HSV-2 viral protein. Results: the seroprevalence of herpes infection induced by the two viral types (HSV-1 and HSV-2) was 94.5% when ELISA was used. With the use of Western blot, a 32% seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was detected in the studied population, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. Conclusion: a high prevalence of carrier status for HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection was detected, as shown by the high rate of positivity for antibodies against this virus. ELISA did not show sufficient specificity to discriminate between HSV-2 and HSV-1 antibodies.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2001;23(1):15-20
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032001000100003
Purpose: to evaluate the seroprevalence of infection caused by HSV-2 among pregnant women delivering at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (UHFMRP-USP) and to standardize laboratory techniques to be used for this purpose. Methods: a total of 1500 blood samples from pregnant women seen at the Obstetric Center of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UHFMRP-USP, between January 1st and October 31st, 1996, were evaluated. To determine the real prevalence of HSV-2 infection, the ELISA technique was standardized but, during its initial use, it was found to be not sufficiently specific to discriminate between the two viral types (75%). Thus, it became necessary to use a more specific technique and the method standardized for this purpose was Western blot, which can detect the specific HSV-2 viral protein. Results: the seroprevalence of herpes infection induced by the two viral types (HSV-1 and HSV-2) was 94.5% when ELISA was used. With the use of Western blot, a 32% seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was detected in the studied population, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. Conclusion: a high prevalence of carrier status for HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection was detected, as shown by the high rate of positivity for antibodies against this virus. ELISA did not show sufficient specificity to discriminate between HSV-2 and HSV-1 antibodies.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(10):647-652
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002001000003
PURPOSE: to evaluate experimentally the effects of antiretroviral drugs used alone and in association upon the fertility of pregnant Wistar rats and the perinatal effects on the offspring. METHODS: adult female pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-230 g were used. The antiretroviral drugs zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nelfinavir (NFV) were used alone and in association at daily doses of ten times the dose normally used in pregnant women, proportionally to the animal's body weight. Seven groups were studied, including the control one. The experiment started on day 0 and the pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 21. The alive and dead fetuses, the total implantation sites and the total numbers of corporea lutea were used to calculate the fertility values. The statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test and by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: there were no significant statistical differences regarding preimplantation loss and implantation efficiency values of the rats treated with isolated and associated antiretroviral drugs. There was a significant increase in the postimplantation loss values (control group: 7.6%; drug groups variation: 20.2-26.7%), a decrease in the fetal viability values (control group: 92.4%, drug groups variation: 73.3-79.8%), and a decreasing number of fetuses per animal (control group: 14.7; drug groups variation: 11.1-12.7). There was a significant weight reduction of the female rats and of the offspring of animals treated with 3TC, AZT + 3TC and AZT + 3TC + NFV. CONCLUSION: with the administration of high antiretroviral doses, important fertility effects could be observed, which showed that less histotoxic antiretroviral drugs must be studied in order to warrant the safety of using these medicines in pregnant HIV-1 - infected women.
Summary
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2002;24(10):647-652
DOI 10.1590/S0100-72032002001000003
PURPOSE: to evaluate experimentally the effects of antiretroviral drugs used alone and in association upon the fertility of pregnant Wistar rats and the perinatal effects on the offspring. METHODS: adult female pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-230 g were used. The antiretroviral drugs zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nelfinavir (NFV) were used alone and in association at daily doses of ten times the dose normally used in pregnant women, proportionally to the animal's body weight. Seven groups were studied, including the control one. The experiment started on day 0 and the pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 21. The alive and dead fetuses, the total implantation sites and the total numbers of corporea lutea were used to calculate the fertility values. The statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test and by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: there were no significant statistical differences regarding preimplantation loss and implantation efficiency values of the rats treated with isolated and associated antiretroviral drugs. There was a significant increase in the postimplantation loss values (control group: 7.6%; drug groups variation: 20.2-26.7%), a decrease in the fetal viability values (control group: 92.4%, drug groups variation: 73.3-79.8%), and a decreasing number of fetuses per animal (control group: 14.7; drug groups variation: 11.1-12.7). There was a significant weight reduction of the female rats and of the offspring of animals treated with 3TC, AZT + 3TC and AZT + 3TC + NFV. CONCLUSION: with the administration of high antiretroviral doses, important fertility effects could be observed, which showed that less histotoxic antiretroviral drugs must be studied in order to warrant the safety of using these medicines in pregnant HIV-1 - infected women.