Artigos - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

  • Artigo de Revisão04/12/2024

    Metformin versus insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo89

    Resumo

    Artigo de Revisão

    Metformin versus insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo89

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo89

    Visualizações371

    Abstract

    Objective:

    The aim of this study is to assess the use of metformin with or without insulin for the treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus compared to insulin alone.

    Data sources:

    This article consists of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. The searches were carried out on MEDLINE including 7 studies, between 2010 to 2021.

    Study selection:

    Randomized clinical trials comparing metformin and insulin written in English, Spanish or Portuguese, with no time limit, were included.

    Data collection:

    Data was extracted from all the 7 articles and compared statistically when possible. Whenever data was not available or couldn’t be statistically compared, the main results were described in detail.

    Data synthesis:

    Insulin alone is not superior than metformin with or without insulin on gestational diabetes mellitus.

    Conclusion:

    There is a potential viability of using metformin as an alternative compared to insulin alone in the treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. However, all assessed outcomes have a very low level of certainty of evidence and more studies are necessary to support these findings.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Carta ao Editor04/12/2024

    Comment on: Effects of COVID-19 on human placentas in the second and third trimester

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo88

    Resumo

    Carta ao Editor

    Comment on: Effects of COVID-19 on human placentas in the second and third trimester

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo88

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo88

    Visualizações176
    Recent evidence demonstrates na increase in negative maternal and neonatal outcomes in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as greater severity of the disease, need for mechanical ventilation and longer hospitalization in intensive care units.(,) The greater severity of infectious diseases in pregnancy occurs due to anatomical and immunological changes, such as a change in the […]
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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo Original04/12/2024

    Analysis of vaginal microbiota before and after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo86

    Resumo

    Artigo Original

    Analysis of vaginal microbiota before and after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo86

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo86

    Visualizações227

    Abstract

    Objective:

    HPV infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted virus today. The persistence of HPV is the main cause for the development of precursor lesions and cervical cancer. There are environmental and non-environmental factors that contribute to the persistence of the virus. Studies indicate a possible relationship between the vaginal microbiota (environmental factor) and the risk of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. This study evaluates the association between the type of vaginal microbiota and the occurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.

    Methods:

    Observational, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical studies carried out between 2019 and 2021, which evaluated the vaginal microbiota of patients diagnosed with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion before and after treatment in two collections with an interval of 6 months, using scrapings and vaginal swabs.

    Results:

    In Group I (with lesions) 28 women participated and 29 in Group II (without lesions). According to Nugent, in the initial collection of Group I, 16 women (57%) had lactobacillary microbiota, eight (28%) intermediate, and four (14%) coccus. In Group II, twenty-one (75%) were lactobacillary, one (3%) was intermediate, and seven (24%) werecoccus. With p=0.03.

    Conclusion:

    According to Nugent’s criteria, there was an association between the type of vaginal microbiota and the occurrence of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. The same was not observed in the Donders classification. Studies with a larger sample are needed to confirm our results.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo Original04/12/2024

    Systemic inflammatory indices as a non-invasive grading modality for endometriosis: a comparative study versus exploratory laparoscopy

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo84

    Resumo

    Artigo Original

    Systemic inflammatory indices as a non-invasive grading modality for endometriosis: a comparative study versus exploratory laparoscopy

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo84

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo84

    Visualizações248

    Abstract

    Objective:

    Included evaluation of the possibility of using the systemic inflammatory indices for preoperative screening for the presence and severity of endometriosis (EM) in comparison to the findings of the exploratory laparoscopy

    Methods:

    88 women with clinical manifestations suggestive of EM were evaluated clinically and by US and gave blood samples for estimation of serum cancer antigen-125 (CA125), platelet and total and differential leucocytic counts for calculation of inflammatory indices; the Systemic Immune-Inflammation index, the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Neutrophil-Monocyte ratio, the Neutrophil-Platelet ratio and the Platelet-Lymphocyte ratio. Then, patients were prepared to undergo laparoscopy for diagnosis and staging.

    Results:

    Laparoscopy detected EM lesions in 63 patients; 27 of stage I-II and 36 of stage III-IV. Positive laparoscopy showed significant relation with US grading, high serum CA125 levels, platelet and inflammatory cell counts and indices. Statistical analyses defined high SIRI and NLR as the significant predictors for positive laparoscopy and high serum CA125 and NLR as the most significant predictors for severe EM (stage III-IV) on laparoscopy

    Conclusion:

    The intimate relation between EM and inflammation was reflected systematically as high levels of blood cellular components, but indices related to neutrophil especially NLR and SIRI showed highly significant relation to the presence and severity of EM and might be used as routine, cheap and non-invasive screening test before exploratory laparoscopy to guide the decision-making.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo de Revisão04/12/2024

    Female genital tract microbiome: the influence of probiotics on assisted reproduction

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo82

    Resumo

    Artigo de Revisão

    Female genital tract microbiome: the influence of probiotics on assisted reproduction

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo82

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo82

    Visualizações251

    Abstract

    Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been evolving since 1978, with the number of techniques performed increasing over the years. Despite continued advances, some couples continue to have difficulties getting pregnant, and it has recently been considered that the microbiome of the female genital tract (FGT) may influence embryo implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the role of probiotics on reproductive outcomes in infertile women on ART. A search throughout medical databases was performed, and six articles met the criteria. Five studies showed improvements in pregnancy rates, with only one demonstrating statistical significance. One article showed no improvement but reported a statistically significant reduction in the miscarriage rate in the probiotic group. Further research is needed to evaluate the true potential of probiotics, namely to assess whether they effectively modulate the FGT microbiome and if these changes are maintained over time.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo Original04/12/2024

    Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo81

    Resumo

    Artigo Original

    Prevalence and factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo81

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo81

    Visualizações293

    Abstract

    Objective:

    To verify the prevalence and factors associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

    Methods:

    A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 patients with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS followed the Rotterdam criteria. The diagnosis of NAFLD was made through US showing hepatic steatosis, excluding significant alcohol consumption and chronic liver disease. The following variables were compared between the groups of women with and without NAFLD: age, race, anthropometric data, blood pressure levels, liver enzymes, glycemic and lipid profiles, total testosterone, presence of hirsutism, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Variables were compared between the groups using T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests.

    Results:

    Among 53 patients with PCOS, 50.9% had NAFLD. The NAFLD group had higher weight (p=0.003), BMI (p=0.001), waist circumference (p≤0.001), fasting glucose (p=0.021), HbA1C% (p=0.028), triglycerides (p=0.023), AST (p=0.004), ALT (p=0.001), higher prevalence of MS (p=0.004), and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p=0.043). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Both groups were predominantly of caucasian race, and there was no significant difference in age.

    Conclusion:

    The prevalence of NAFLD among patients with PCOS was 50.9%. Metabolic and hepatic enzyme abnormalities were more prevalent in this group compared to the group without the disease. Obesity tripled the prevalence of NAFLD.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo de Revisão04/12/2024

    Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79

    Resumo

    Artigo de Revisão

    Zuranolone for postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized studies

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo79

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo79

    Visualizações311

    Abstract

    Objective:

    To evaluate the maternal outcomes in women with postpartum depression using zuranolone, the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression.

    Methods:

    We conducted a systematic search in September 2023, on Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Trials. We included randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of zuranolone versus placebo in women with postpartum depression. No time or language restrictions were applied. 297 results were retrieved, of which 11 papers were selected and fully reviewed by two authors. Review Manager 5 was used for statistical analysis and Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was applied for quality assessment.

    Results:

    We included 2 studies, with 346 women, of whom 174 (50.2%) were treated with zuranolone. Zuranolone was significantly associated to an improvement of Clinical Global Impression response rate; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 15 days and 45-day remission, 3-day, 15-day, and 45-day symptom remission, and reduction in the dose of antidepressants. As for safety outcomes, it was noticed that zuranolone increases sedation risk, which can be dose related. No significant differences were found for other adverse events.

    Conclusion:

    These findings suggest that zuranolone might present a safe and effective medication for out-of-hospital treatment of PPD. Sedation effects need to be further assessed.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Artigo de Revisão04/12/2024

    Self-medication among pregnant women in comparison to the general population: a scoping review of the main characteristics

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo77

    Resumo

    Artigo de Revisão

    Self-medication among pregnant women in comparison to the general population: a scoping review of the main characteristics

    Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2024;46:e-rbgo77

    DOI 10.61622/rbgo/2024rbgo77

    Visualizações311

    Abstract

    Objective:

    An in-depth evaluation of the published evidence is needed on self-medication, specifically the evidence focusing on vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the differences in self-medication prevalence and study characteristics among different groups, while identifying gaps in the literature.

    Methods:

    A literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science, including articles published in the last 10 years for the pregnant women group (PWG) and the general population group (GPG). Data on study design, self-medication prevalence, medications used, and other variables were collected, tabulated, and summarized.

    Results:

    From 2888 screened articles, 75 were considered including 108,559 individuals. The self-medication (SM) in the PWG ranged from 2.6 to 72.4% and most studies had an SM prevalence between 21 and 50% and in the GPG, 32 from 50 studies had a SM prevalence higher than 50%. The reviewed studies varied considerably in methodology, requiring careful interpretation. While most of the studies assessed self-medication during the entire pregnancy, self-medication definition was often inconsistent between studies. Acetaminophen was the most used medication and headache was the most frequent symptom leading to self-medication initiation in the PWG.

    Conclusions:

    Self-medication among pregnant women showed a lower prevalence when compared to the general population. The medications used and symptoms reported were similar between groups. However, methodological differences must be carefully considered. Pregnant women should carefully follow their physicians’ advice before initiating self-medication to avoid preventable maternal and fetal adverse effects.

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    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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