Preeclampsia: Vascular Pathophysiological Mechanism and the Basis for Early Diagnosis and Treatment - Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2016;38(8):369-372
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage and infectious syndromes in pregnancy and puerperium are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for pregnant women around the world. Their frequency varies according to the country and accessibility to health care. Hypertensive diseases, including preeclampsia, complicate 2–10% of all pregnancies. In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for at least 26% of maternal deaths.
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease caused by environmental factors that act over a genetic base, permitting the occurrence of this disorder. Based on this premise, the risk factors considered for the development of this disease are: overweightness; obesity; nulliparity and multiparity; being at the extremes of reproductive life; vascular diseases, such as chronic hypertension; metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus; collagen diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus; multiple pregnancies; maternal and paternal family history (paternal imprinting expressed in the mother); pregnancy by assisted reproductive techniques; micropolycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance; severe anemia; antiphospholipid syndrome; and low-calcium diets consumed by people living at high altitudes.
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Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage and infectious syndromes in pregnancy and puerperium are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for pregnant women around the world. Their frequency varies according to the country and accessibility to health care. Hypertensive diseases, including preeclampsia, complicate 2–10% of all pregnancies. In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for at least 26% of maternal deaths.
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease caused by environmental factors that act over a genetic base, permitting the occurrence of this disorder. Based on this premise, the risk factors considered for the development of this disease are: overweightness; obesity; nulliparity and multiparity; being at the extremes of reproductive life; vascular diseases, such as chronic hypertension; metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus; collagen diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus; multiple pregnancies; maternal and paternal family history (paternal imprinting expressed in the mother); pregnancy by assisted reproductive techniques; micropolycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance; severe anemia; antiphospholipid syndrome; and low-calcium diets consumed by people living at high altitudes.
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